PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of knowledge brokering and role crafting structures that promote the active engagement of older workers at work.Design/methodology/approachThe ...respondents were workers in Japan aged 55–64 years. A two-wave panel survey was conducted. The first and second survey waves included 1,527 and 1,467 respondents, respectively.FindingsThe results showed that knowledge brokering positively influenced work engagement directly and indirectly. In the three dimensions of role crafting, cognitive and task crafting had a positive effect on work engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on older workers in Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether the same effect is observed in countries other than Japan or among younger workers.Practical implicationsOn an individual level, older workers should aim to keep acquiring new information inside and outside the organisation. On an organisational level, it is effective to increase opportunities for older workers to craft their work according to the socioemotional selectivity and selection optimisation and compensation theories.Originality/valueThis study reveals that knowledge brokering and cognitive crafting in role crafting have an important influence on the work engagement of older workers. Additionally, this study clarifies the impact of job crafting on older workers not only from the perspective of resource crafting to achieve person-job fit but also from the perspective of reframing perceptions through cognitive crafting in role crafting. These findings enable a clearer understanding of the relationship between role crafting and knowledge brokering, as well as the socioemotional selectivity and selection optimisation and compensation theories.
This article offers a systematic review of empirical research intending to identify and categorise the types of existing job crafting interventions (JCIs). It highlights a range of substantial ...features, including methodological characteristics, intervention design and delivery characteristics, and resultant outcomes. It also attempts to uncover the mechanisms through which the interventions operate and boundary conditions determining intervention strength. Based on the results, the authors provide a conceptual framework synthesising conclusions from existing works and establish that stimulating job crafting behaviors through interventions positively impacts an array of significant outcomes. It further proposes theoretically driven recommendations for empirical and theoretical advancements in the JCI literature, accentuating the processes whereby JCIs are predicted to address contemporary workplace issues and trends.
Scholars made clear that daily job and home crafting can optimize employees' well-being, also when teleworking. Since telework is largely characterized by a constant juggle between work and home ...roles, we need knowledge on how teleworkers can combine job and home crafting during the day. While previous studies have almost exclusively applied an enrichment-based perspective, which assumes that daily job and home crafting can be combined unlimitedly, the current study proposes an effort-based perspective, which assumes that crafting requires effort and, therefore, can only be done within certain limits. Using a daily diary study (N = 839 days nested within 202 full-time teleworkers), we investigate whether daily approach job and home crafting can prevent daily energy depletion. Moreover, we predict that equally allocating efforts across daily approach job and home crafting is related to the lowest levels of energy depletion. Multilevel polynomial regression analyses showed that daily approach job and home crafting were negatively related to daily energy depletion. As an important exception to this general finding, the combination of high approach job and home crafting was related to higher energy depletion and should be avoided. Finally, our results indicated that, in general, allocating efforts to approach job crafting is more useful than allocating efforts to approach home crafting.
•We introduce the idea that daily approach job and home crafting are effortful and, therefore, cannot be done unlimitedly.•Teleworkers can allocate efforts across approach job and home crafting to tackle energy depletion during the day.•In allocating crafting efforts, the utility of daily approach job crafting is higher than of daily approach home crafting.•Combining high levels of daily approach job and home crafting should be avoided because it increases energy depletion.
Summary
In response to the call to investigate the positive side of overqualification, we drew on the job crafting perspective to theorize that overqualified employees can proactively regulate the ...discrepancies between their actual and ideal jobs via two different job crafting strategies: job crafting towards strengths (JC‐strengths) and job crafting towards interests (JC‐interests). We expected distinct positive outcomes for JC‐strengths and JC‐interests. Specifically, JC‐strengths benefits both overqualified employees and the organization, whereas JC‐interests only benefits the individual employees. We further proposed that the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐strengths will be stronger when employees' organizational identification is higher, whereas the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐interests will be stronger when their identification with the organization is lower. As expected, with the use of two‐wave and dual‐source data from 653 employees, we found that perceived overqualification was positively related to both JC‐strengths and JC‐interests; JC‐strengths was positively related to both vitality and supervisor‐rated task performance, whereas JC‐interests was only positively related to vitality. We also found that the relationship between perceived overqualification and JC‐strengths was moderated by organizational identification as hypothesized.
Purpose Recently, physical crafting has been found to positively affect emotional exhaustion through workload. However, the role of cognitive crafting in this process remains unexamined. To address ...this research gap, this study examined the relationship between cognitive crafting and emotional exhaustion, as well as whether cognitive crafting moderates the positive indirect effects of physical crafting on emotional exhaustion through workload. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through an Internet survey conducted with 2,143 Japanese employees, and path regression analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Findings The results show that cognitive crafting was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion, weakened the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion and weakened the indirect effects of physical crafting on emotional exhaustion. Practical implications The practical implications of these findings suggest that practitioners should encourage the improvement of cognitive crafting. Implementation of job crafting interventions and customer participation could be effective in enhancing cognitive crafting. Originality/value The study provides a deeper understanding of how cognitive crafting influences emotional exhaustion and how it influences the process through which physical crafting influences emotional exhaustion, aligning with the transactional model. The results reiterate the importance of cognitive crafting, an aspect that has received little attention since the introduction of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model of job crafting.
The concept of crafting has been widely applied in studies on occupational and organizational behavior. However, few studies have examined the crafting behavior of leisure participants. The purpose ...of this study was to develop leisure-crafting dimensions and to design a scale with satisfactory reliability and validity. Through a literature review and focus group interviews, researchers proposed 50 initial questionnaire items. Data were then collected from serious leisure participants and from the public. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was performed to facilitate scale purification and factor extraction, and confirmatory factor analysis was implemented to validate the factor structure. The scale effectiveness was verified through assessment of criterion-related and known-group validity. Results indicate that leisure crafting comprises four dimensions, namely increasing structural leisure resources, increasing social leisure resources, increasing challenging leisure demands, and decreasing leisure barriers. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future research were outlined in this study.
This study examined the different ways in which job complexity influences employees’ job crafting. Specifically, we draw on conservation of resources (COR) theory to hypothesize that job complexity ...is positively related to approach crafting
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work engagement (i.e., resource gain process). At the same time, job complexity may also induce employees to engage in avoidance crafting (i.e., resource loss process) as employee energy resources are depleted. Our data consist of 251 employees working in Macau. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus software to test the proposed hypotheses. Our findings confirm that job complexity has differential effects on approach and avoidance crafting through work engagement and energy depletion. These findings highlight the importance of costs and benefits of job complexity and the importance of resources in the employees’ job crafting process. We discuss the practical implications for modern organizations in which complex jobs are prevalent.
Purpose
The frequent turnover of academic instructors (lecturers) to other organizations and countries despite the autonomies their job offer them necessitated; this study aims to examine the ...relationship between job crafting (JC) and embeddedness of lecturers to their jobs.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey research design was adopted. This study is carried out in the south-east region of Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 8,051 academic staff of six randomly selected public universities in the region and a sample size of 367 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula. The primary and secondary source of data were used in data collection and were analysed using regression analysis at a 5% level of significance.
Findings
Result revealed that task crafting has a statistically significant positive relationship with employee job fit (r = 0.949, R2 = 0.900, F = 2699.473, p-value < 0.05), that relational crafting has a statistically significant positive influence on employee links (r = 0.982, R2 = 0.964, F = 8112.281, p-value < 0.05) and that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between cognitive crafting and sacrifice links (r = 0.962, R2 = 0.926, F = 3729.900, p-value < 0.05).
Practical implications
This study’s practical implication is that it will aid in making academics in Nigeria embedded in their jobs by encouraging them to craft their jobs so as to give them more meaning. In the field of research, this study helps to close the literature gap existing in JC and the role it plays in embedding academics in their jobs, hence, opening up a whole new research area with empirical data to back it up. For management, the study will help in knowing how to appropriately harness the potential of JC in making employees more engaged in their jobs.
Originality/value
Many studies have been carried out in the past in areas of JC and employee performance, non to the best knowledge of the researchers has been extended to studying JC as it relates to the embeddedness of academics to their jobs in Nigeria, this study is, therefore, a new addition to academic literature in this area.
Organizations are increasingly aware of the relevance of employees' well-being, due to its positive impact on both companies and society. Based on the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) model, this study ...aims to analyse the relationship between two resource-gaining behaviours - i.e., expansion-oriented job crafting (JC) and leisure crafting (LC) behaviours- and employees' and their partners' well-being. A quantitative longitudinal study using weekly online questionnaires (for four weeks) was conducted with 50 participants and their partners. Results of a multilevel sequential mediation model with random slopes provided empirical support for the three-path sequential mediation model (weekly expansion-oriented JC ➔ weekly LC ➔ employees' weekly well-being ➔ partners' weekly well-being) when contemporaneous effects were considered, but not when time-lagged effects were considered. Thus, this study shows that work and leisure domains can be integrated - i.e., positively related- rather than segmented - and that both types of crafting behaviours positively contribute to higher employee well-being in the weeks when more crafting behaviours occur. In addition, when employees' well-being increases from one week to the next, the well-being of their partners also increases. Taken together, these results suggest that crafting is a resource that contributes not only to the employees' well-being, but also to that of their partners.
Building on the notion that successful crafting in one life domain spills over into another domain, we investigated the reciprocal effects between job and home crafting in 134 workers, using a ...shortitudinal study with a two‐week time lag. The results of cross‐lagged panel analyses suggested that there were reciprocal effects between the work and home domains of the crafting dimensions of increasing structural resources and reducing hindering social demands. Increasing social job resources lead to increasing social home resources, but the reverse is not true. No cross‐lagged effects were found for increasing challenging demands and reducing hindering structural job demands at work and home.
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