The ongoing renovation of the Sfax Archaeological Museum and the current research within the framework of the Thaenae field site provided an opportunity between 2020 and 2022 to re-examine the ...material discovered by M. Fendri in a survey he carried out in 1964 in the northern necropolis of the town. He discovered a mausoleum, several secondary cremation burials composed of stelae and urns, a cupula burial and funerary material (lamps, glass, coins). He preserved the bones in three urns and their investigation, fifty years later using the new methods of archaeothanatology, provides new data on the funerary practices carried out in this city, which was already well known for the exceptional conservation of its necropolises.
En Segobriga, varias incineraciones de la necrópolis de las parcelas números 45 y 46, fechada en la segunda mitad del siglo I d. C., contenían elementos de cerraduras y accesorios metálicos en bronce ...y hierro, pertenecientes a siete cofres de madera o capsae. Principalmente, contuvieron objetos de aseo personal femenino y fueron quemados junto a la difunta en una práctica funeraria de gran difusión por las provincias romanas. Presentamos aquí la revisión y estudio de los materiales y una propuesta tipológica de los cofres, teniendo en cuenta los paralelos conocidos en el resto del Imperio.
The samples originate from the funerary cache of a cremation burial mound dating from the Late Bronze Age (according to the Reinecke chronological system, Bronze D—Hallstatt A, according to absolute ...chronology ca. 1200 cal BC), discovered within the Susani-
Grămurada de la Jupani
mound (Timiș County, Romania). The pieces are sphere-shaped; however, many show signs of fire from the cremation of the buried person/persons. Together with bronze and gold pieces, they were part of composite necklaces and/or bracelets. Complementary techniques were used in the analysis: TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX to determine composition. All the techniques used in the present paper argued that the jewelry analyzed underwent a second burn at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C.
The discovery of infant burials on excavated domestic sites in Roman Britain is fairly common but in the past these burials have often been dismissed as a product of unceremonious disposal. There is ...a growing literature which considers the phenomenon, but it has been dominated by debates around the suggestion that these burials provide evidence for infanticide, with a focus on the osteological evidence for and against this hypothesis. There has been less systematic consideration of the archaeological context of such burials. In this paper we examine the excavated evidence of two large groups of such burials from sites in East Yorkshire which demonstrate that the burial of neonatal infants followed a careful age-specific funerary rite. We suggest that this conclusion further undermines the widespread assumption that infants were disposed of without ceremony and as a result of infanticide.
The paper contains the comments of an archaeologist on the results of dating the Bronze and early Iron Age burial ground in Domasław, Wrocław district by the 14C method. Most of the dates obtained ...correlate well with previous archaeological dating to the Bronze and early Iron Age. There are, however, a few exceptions (namely, the stylistic characteristics of grave inventories) in which the established typological classification contrasts with the radiocarbon dates determined for these features and situates them much earlier, largely during the period of the Tumulus cultures in Polish territory in the II period of the Bronze Age in the periodization by O. Montelius/J. Kostrzewski and BC and BD in the southern periodization system. Similarly, several other assemblages from the youngest phase of the use of the burial ground from the HC period obtained much older dates.
This paper discusses seven finds of weaponry (one sword and six spearheads) from the Roman Period Przeworsk Culture cremation cemetery in Raczkowice, Częstochowa Distr., PL. This assemblage can ...generally be dated to Phases B2–C1. All the discussed artefacts went through the funeral pyre and two underwent additional treatment as part of funeral rites: the sword and one of the spearheads were bent. Metallographic examinations demonstrated that all these weapons were forged from single pieces of ferrous metal. However, in some of these the carbon content was high enough to allow for heat-treatment, thus making these artefacts potentially high-quality weapons. Regrettably, the cremation ceremony removed all possible traces of heat-treatment and it may have also caused partial decarburising of metal. On the basis of typological and technological traits it can be supposed that all the discussed weapons were of local Przeworsk Culture provenance.
In these conference proceedings particular attention is paid to the performance of burials and burial rites between 1300 and 750 BC. A change in burial customs took place in large parts of central ...Europe during the 13th century BC. The dead were no longer buried in inhumation graves – as was customary until then – but were burned and laid to rest in urns. This transformation of burial customs is probably connected to far reaching changes in society and religious beliefs.
In dem vorliegenden Kongressband werden Bestattung und Ritual in der Region zwischen Mitteleuropa und Griechenland zwischen 1300 und 750 v. Chr. besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Im 13. Jahrhundert v. Chr. fand in weiten Teilen Mitteleuropas eine radikale Veränderung der Grabsitten statt. Die Toten wurden nicht mehr, wie bis dahin üblich, in Körpergräbern bestattet, sondern verbrannt und in Urnen beigesetzt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass sich hinter dem Wandel des Begräbnisrituals weitreichende Veränderungen der Gesellschaft und der religiösen Vorstellungen verbergen.
The article presents four burial complexes studied in 2013, representative of the Baley-Orsoia (or Žuto Brdo-Gârla Mare), Bistreț-Ișalnița and Vârtop chronological phases. In addition to these, the ...investigations of the Baley necropolis revealed also graves of earlier date, synchronous to the Verbicioara ІІІ phase. The brief review of the associated inventory and the burial practices suggests that at the Baley necropolis the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age are represented by reasonably certain sealed complexes. During 2013 investigations we encountered a new for the site custom – placement of the cremated remains in a dish, with a large number of vessels, including biconical jars arranged in proximity with it.
Les communautés du Bronze final et du Premier âge du Fer (Xe s.-Ve s. av. J.-C.), situées entre Garonne et Èbre, sont essentiellement connues par leurs nécropoles à crémation. Cette recherche, qui ...repose sur une abondante documentation de plus de 400 nécropoles, entend aborder la question des pratiques funéraires sous un nouvel angle, en réalisant une synthèse des données archéologiques sur une vaste échelle géographique afin d’avoir une vision d’ensemble des pratiques funéraires et de leurs dynamiques dans le temps. Après avoir introduit des notions historiographiques importantes et discuté les éléments relatifs au cadre chronologique de l’étude (proposition d’un système chronologique inter-régional), nous proposons d’étudier une sélection de nécropoles bien documentées. Ces nécropoles seront analysées suivant une grille d’analyse précise qui permettra de réaliser des analyses statistiques afin d’étudier d’éventuels groupes funéraires. Les résultats de ces analyses sont exposés de manière chronologique ce qui nous donnera l’occasion, dans un second temps, de discuter la répartition géographique de ces groupes funéraires et leur évolution dans le temps et l’espace.
Final Bronze Age and First Iron Age communities (10th - 5th century B. C.), situated between the Garonne and the Ebro Rivers are essentially known though their cremation burial cemeteries. This work, based on an abundant documentation of more than 400 cemeteries, intends to approach the question of the funeral practices under a new point of view, by realizing a synthesis of the archaeological data on a large geographical scale to get an overall view of the funerary practices and their dynamics throughout time. After introducing the important background notions and discussing the chronological elements (proposal of an inter-regional chronological system), we suggest studying a selection of cremation burial cemeteries well documented. These cemeteries will be studied according to a grid of analysis which will allows us to realize statistical analyses to study possible funeral groups. The results of these analyses are explained in a chronological way which give us the opportunity, in a second time, to discuss the geographical distribution of these funeral groups and their evolution in time and space.
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