Unlike classical artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI has the potential to transform scientists into intellectual cyborgs. Leveraging embodied cognition and extended mind theories can help us ...understand this scientific revolution. Despite ethical concerns, generative AI can enhance research efficiency and accessibility. However, this requires unprecedented proactive regulation and responsible development.
Artificial Life Belk, Russell; Humayun, Mariam; Gopaldas, Ahir
Journal of macromarketing,
06/2020, Letnik:
40, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this article, we explore how the history and myths about Artificial Life (AL) inform the pursuit and reception of contemporary AL technologies. First, we show that long before the contemporary ...fields of robotics and genomics, ancient civilizations attempted to create AL in the magical and religious pursuits of automata and alchemy. Next, we explore four persistent cultural myths surrounding AL—namely, those of Pygmalion, Golem, Frankenstein, and Metropolis. These myths offer several insights into why humanity is both fascinated with and fearful of AL. Thereafter, we distinguish contemporary approaches to AL, including biochemical or “wet” approaches (e.g., artificial organs), electromechanical or “hard” approaches (e.g., robot companions), and software-based or “soft” approaches (e.g., digital voice assistants). We also outline an emerging approach to AL that combines all three of the preceding approaches in pursuit of “transhumanism.” We then map out how the four historical myths surrounding AL shape modern society’s reception of the four contemporary AL pursuits. Doing so reveals the enduring human fears that must be addressed through careful development of ethical guidelines for public policy that ensure human safety, dignity, and morality. We end with two sets of questions for future research: one supportive of AL and one more skeptical and cautious.
Today, technological implants to increase innate human capabilities are already available on the market. Cyborgs, understood as healthy people who decide to integrate their bodies with insideable ...technology, are no longer science fiction, but fact. The cyborg market will be a huge new business with important consequences for both industry and society. More specifically, cyborg technologies are a unique product, with a potentially critical impact on the future of humanity. In light of the potential transformations involved in the creation of "superhuman" cyborgs, ethics must be a cornerstone of cyborg marketing decisions. Businesses need to take ethics into account, not only to ensure they behave ethically, as always, but also because ethics will be an important factor in buyers' decisions in the emerging cyborg market. This is because the decision to become a cyborg is determined, among many other factors, by ethical judgment. Our research focuses on how the dimensions of the Composite Multidimensional Ethics Scale (Composite MES) influence an individual's decision to become a cyborg. To test our hypotheses, we surveyed a total of 1563 higher-education students in seven different countries. The results of the survey show that ethical judgment will be a keystone in individual cyborgization. Specifically, ethical dimensions explained 48% of the intention to use cyborg technologies. The ethical analysis showed that not all MES dimensions have the same influence on the ethical judgment regarding this decision. Egoism was the most influential dimension, while contractualism was the least. These findings have important implications for both academia and business.
Abstract
This article explores police perspectives of sexual harassment on the London Underground. Drawing on 15 semi-structured interviews with the British Transport Police this article demonstrates ...how the police a) use their ‘situated knowledges’ to make sense of the dynamics of the London Underground and seek out offenders within the network, often without a report of harassment; and b) engage with technologies in order to (re)construct incidents of sexual harassment so that they can be investigated. The article argues that the BTP occupy a ‘soft cyborg ontology’, and claims the implications this has on epistemologies and methods of policing as significant. As well as permitting new insights into the procedures of policing sexual harassment on public transport, it contributes a critical perspective to the role of technology in police culture, practice and methods.
Este artículo brinda ejemplos de “ciborgs ficticios” en obras de literatura y cine de ciencia ficción y destaca algunos efectos psicológicos. También recupera testimonios de “ciborgs reales” del ...documental Cyborgs entre nosotros (Duran, 2017), y señala procesos de identificación y de idealización. Agrega notas sobre: - el desarrollo histórico de la tecnociencia, - cuestiones éticas en los avances tecnológicos. El recorrido termina con los conceptos de cuerpo, lazo social y discurso según el psicoanálisis y breves consideraciones sobre su ética.
This article weaves together autoethnographic accounts, feminist readings of technology, agency, and performance, and historical points of reference to address the current gender gap in urban cycling ...in the UK. Through the lens of everyday performance, I examine how females on bicycles are marked as both highly visible spectacles and invisible 'others'. In developing the feminist promise of the mechanically monstrous cyborg, I offer a new revolutionary figure of hope - the cycleborg - who puts her otherness to use. In doing so, she calls attention to the need re-think hegemonic attitudes towards mobility, agency, and environmentally conscious action. My argument for the performative and revolutionary potential of the cycleborg reconciles everyday gendered performance with environmental consciousness, and is analysed through two contemporary performances: Katie Mitchell's Atmen (2013) and Hanna Cormick's The Mermaid (2020). By examining the use of hybrid actors in these performances as tools for promoting social responsibility and radical statements about climate change, I propose, with a romantic, feminist, and fierce hope, that the cycleborg both offers a contemporary vehicle for environmental change and opens possibilities to claim a new kind of space in the world.
In her oft-cited “A Cyborg Manifesto,” Donna Haraway conceptualizes the cyborg as a feminist possibility, emphasizing the need for a self-created, self-engendered female (150). In
How We Became ...Posthuman
(1999), N. Katherine Hayles examines the development of cybernetic theory from the 1940s to the present, linking its history to portrayals of cyborgs and artificial intelligence in science fiction. I argue that the combination of change and tradition embodied by Brazilian cyborgs must be understood within the history and paradigms of Latin American culture and its ambivalent attitudes towards modernity. To understand Brazil’s female cyborgs, I apply Bolívar Echeverría’s concept of the Latin American “baroque ethos,” which acts a form of resistance to capitalism in the works by Caio Fernando Abreu, Roberto de Sousa Causo and João Paulo Cuenca, whose female cyborgs question or refute societal expectations, while searching for acceptance in romantic partnerships or family structures. The presence of female cyborgs in Brazil during distinct moments of economic and technological change—from the period of the military dictatorship and state sponsored industrialization in the 1970s to the contemporary digital global economy in the 2000s—illustrates how cyborg body functions as feminized avatars of labor, mourning, survival and resistance.
This article uses some of the complexities occasioned by the beings Anne McCaffrey envisioned as 'shell people' - cyborgs whose inert bodies are encased in titanium shells while the spaceships that ...surround them become bodies proper - in order to address some key theoretical issues with the relationship between Thought, embodiment and plasticity. It borrows from Catherine Malabou's work on neuronal plasticity and cerebrality, as well as Deleuze and Guattari's critical engagement with the brain and their de-hierarchicalised and decentred vision of body-brain/brain-body relations from Cinema 2 and What is Philosophy? It brings these discourses into closer contact with machinic 'assemblages' in both Deleuze and Guattari's sense, and one rather closer to posthuman interpretations of the term. It aims to rethink the 'gest' of such assemblages to consider the (oft excluded or repressed) place of the body in these kinds of becomings. It attempts to answer, 'what happens to thought in a cyborg body?' while at the same time considering how that thought is materially given greater complexity by the assemblage that constitutes it as something other than a molar unity.
Posthumanism and assistive technologies Elizabeth Kath; Osorio Coelho Neto; Marcelo El Khouri Buzato
Trabalhos em lingüística aplicada,
08/2019, Letnik:
58, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper, we elaborate on the consequences of a post-humanist perspective to the problem of physical disability by approaching the use of assistive technologies (AT) by disabled people as the ...introduction of a low-tech cyborg in the world. In doing so, we highlight examples of communication ATs and provide analogies between ATs and languages in the constitution of selves and social contexts. ATs are informed ideologically, so they can be seen both as a way to “fix” an “impaired” person, or as a strategy to overcome a physical and social context that disables some people and makes other people “able-bodied”. We argue that becoming a low-tech cyborg can be a form of social inclusion if we understand disability to be produced by the context, rather than as an inherent dysfunctionality of the individual. Based on this assumption, we identify two strategies of social inclusion of the low-tech cyborg: disembodiment of the Self, and embodied virtuality. We remark, however, that low-tech cyborgs can be configured out of necessity or choice and add that the same socioeconomic factors that produce inequality in general are also active in the social exclusion/inclusion of the low-tech cyborg. Thus, ATs can be adopted and transformed by choice so as to broaden the gap between cyborg haves and have nots, while both kinds of cyborgs can become increasingly subject to cognitive and affective exploitation in the context of cognitive capitalism. We conclude that the potential of a post-humanist perspective to disability should not be about making “impaired humans” integer, nor making “integer humans” more than human, but keeping selves ethically connected with others whether by virtual embodiment or embodied virtuality.
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