Patterns of movement, heterogeneity of context, and individual space-time patterns affect health, and individuals' movement throughout the landscape is shaped by addiction, meeting basic needs, and ...maintaining relationships. Place and social context enable or constrain behavior and individuals use social networks and daily routines to accomplish individual goals and access resources.
This article explores drug use as part of daily routines and daily paths among people who inject drugs in Dnipro City, Ukraine. Between March and August 2018, we interviewed 30 people who inject drugs living in Dnipro City, Ukraine. Study participants completed a single interview that lasted between 1 and 2 hours. During the interview, participants described their daily routine and daily path using a printed map of Dnipro as a prompt. Participants were asked to draw important sites; give time estimates of arrival and departure; and annotate on the map the points, paths, and areas most prominent or important to them. Participants also described to what extent their daily routines were planned or spontaneous, how much their daily path varied over time, and how drug use shaped their daily routine.
We identified 3 major types of daily routine: unpredictable, predictable, and somewhat predictable. Participants with unpredictable daily routines had unreliable sources of income, inconsistent drug suppliers and drug use site, and dynamic groups of people with whom they socialized and used drugs. Participants with predictable daily routines had reliable sources of income, a regular drug dealer or stash source, and a stable group of friends or acquaintances with whom they bought and/or used drugs. Participants with somewhat predictable daily routines had some stable aspects of their daily lives, such as a steady source of income or a small group of friends with whom they used drugs, but also experienced circumstances that undermined their ability to have a routinized daily life, such as changing drug use sites or inconsistent income sources.
Greater attention needs to be paid to the daily routines of people who use drugs to develop and tailor interventions that address the place-based and social contexts that contribute to drug-use related risks.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death among German men. One option for PCa early detection is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, which is ...still under debate regarding its risk benefits. Besides recommendations on the early PCa detection, daily practice on PSA testing varies in, for example, information communication and usage of the test. This pilot study assessed potential differences between general practitioners (GPs) and urologists in handling PSA testing and guidelines on early detection of PCa.
172 GPs belonging to the teaching network of the University of Oldenburg in Lower Saxony and Bremen and 128 practicing urologists were included in the online survey focusing on PSA testing. The questionnaire covered 43 questions on topics as the usage of the test, information communication, handling of test results and handling of/knowledge about national and international guidelines on PCa. Wether PSA testing is used in accordance with guidelines was also explored in four standardized case scenarios. Statistical analysis was done at a descriptive level.
In total, 65 doctors participated in the survey (response proportion: 21.7%, n=65; 27.9%, n=48 GPs; 13.2%, n=17 urologists). Results of 41 GPs and 14 urologists were analyzed. The PSA test was judged as useful by all urologists, while almost half of the GPs valued the test as ambivalent or not useful. Urologists showed a more proactive approach of informing men on PSA testing. Regarding guidelines and recommendations on PSA testing, GPs were less familiar with them compared to the urologists. Doctors of both specialties did not always treat men in consistence with the guidelines. This was partially in contradiction to their self-appraisal.
This pilot study is highlighting differences in PSA testing practices between GPs and urologists in Germany. Urologists showed a more proactive approach. For further verification, we plan a more comprehensive study covering several German states.
The main goal of stress management and health promotion programs is to improve health by empowering people to take control over their lives. Daily health-related lifestyle choices are integral ...targets of these interventions and critical to evaluating their efficacy. To date, concepts such as self-efficacy, self-control and empowerment are assessed by tools that only partially address daily lifestyle choices. The aim of this study is to validate a novel measurement tool, the Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ), which aims to assess the concept of empowerment through a constellation of daily activities.
Therefore, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) of 26 items that were derived from the qualitative data of several stress management programs conducted by our research team.
The PCA resulted in the following five-factor solution: 1) Dietary Healthy Choices, 2) Dietary Harm Avoidance, 3) Daily Routine, 4) Organized Physical Exercise and 5) Social and Mental Balance. All subscales showed satisfactory internal consistency and variance, relative to theoretical score ranges. Subscale scores and the total score were significantly correlated with perceived stress and health locus of control, implying good criterion validity. Associations with sociodemographic data and other variables, such as sleep quality and health assessments, were also found.
The HLPCQ is a good tool for assessing the efficacy of future health-promoting interventions to improve individuals' lifestyle and wellbeing.
The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the culture of everyday life of the Siberian province population in the first quarter of the 18th century, the characteristics of the ...development of traditional forms of material culture of Siberians, and new features of everyday life that arose under the influence of the implementation of Peter's reforms on the territory of Western Siberia. Changes in the material culture, leisure and life of the population of the Siberian province in the first quarter of the 18th century are considered, the traditions of building houses, making clothes, the level of medical care and health care, leisure activities of the population of Western Siberia in the first quarter of the 18th century are described. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the complex of legislative and office-work sources of the State Archives in Tobolsk. Among them, an important place is occupied by decrees regulating the organization of medical care for the population, documents reflecting the actions of local authorities in relation to the occupation of Swedish prisoners of war in Tobolsk by distilling. The authors of the article show that Peter's modernization processes in the field of culture, customs and everyday life had little effect on the traditions of building houses, making clothes, and everyday activities of the majority of the peasant population of the Siberian province and local non-Russian peoples. It is concluded that the main changes affecting the area of everyday culture are associated with the implementation of the military and administrative reforms of Peter I, the appearance of captured Swedes on the territory of the province, the implementation of the provincial reform, a change in the local administration system, the emergence of medical professional personnel and health care institutions.
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is a common and distressful side effect, especially among breast cancer patients. Scalp cooling (SC) can reduce hair loss during anthracycline- and taxane-based ...chemotherapy. This study assessed the effectiveness of SC in daily clinical practice in three Italian oncology units.
From 2014 to 2016, we prospectively included 220 female early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing curative chemotherapy in combination with SC using the Paxman device. Effectiveness was defined as the severity of hair loss according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 as follows: Grade 0, no hair loss; Grade 1, <50% hair loss not requiring a wig; and Grade 2, ≥50% hair loss at each cycle and at completion of chemotherapy. The tolerability and safety were also evaluated.
The overall success rate of SC (hair loss Grade 0–1) was 68%. Severe hair loss was avoided in 89% of women receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and in 78% of women receiving both anthracyclines and taxanes. Among women undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy, 47% experienced hair preservation. SC was well tolerated, as only 20 patients discontinued SC for reasons other than hair loss.
Our study confirmed that SC provides a reliable chance for breast cancer patients to keep their hair during taxane- and/or anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
O presente artigo, recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado, traz para a discussão, apartir das BIO:GRAFIAS, narrativas do percurso pedagógico de uma professora-pesquisadora,as experiências observadas, ...dialogadas e inventadas no cotidiano da educação infantil. Analisao uso do tempo e do espaço físico e vislumbra novas possibilidades de ocupação destes paracompreender a relação entre as crianças e a prática pedagógica. Traz ainda o olhar da filosofiada diferença sobre o tempo infantil e os devires minoritários para o cotidiano. A partir destasreflexões, investigações e experimentações, apresenta um espaço que busca respeitar ascrianças, ouvi-las, possibilitar novos inícios, novas possibilidades num ambiente onde tudo épreviamente planejado e definido pelo adulto, situação essa que não foi obstáculo para asmudanças, as possibilidades.
A person’s routine is a sequence of activities of daily living patterns recurrently performed. Sticking daily routines is a great tool to support the care of persons with dementia, and older adults ...in general, who are living in their homes, and also being useful for caregivers. As state-of-the-art tools based on self-reporting are subjective and rely on a person’s memory, new tools are needed for objectively detecting such routines from the monitored data coming from wearables or smart home sensors. In this paper, we propose a solution for detecting the daily routines of a person by extracting the sequences of recurrent activities and their duration from the monitored data. A genetic algorithm is defined to extract activity patterns featuring small differences that relate to the day-to-day contextual variations that occur in a person’s daily routine. The quality of the solutions is evaluated with a probabilistic-based fitness function, while a tournament-based strategy is employed for the dynamic selection of mutation and crossover operators applied for generating the offspring. The time variability of activities of daily living is addressed using the dispersion of the values of duration of that activity around the average value. The results are showing an accuracy above 80% in detecting the routines, while the optimal values of population size and the number of generations for fitness function evolution and convergence are determined using multiple linear regression analysis.
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