Inscribed artifacts are exposed to a range of practices that damage them. These practices vary dramatically across historical periods and cultural contexts. This book studies a number of ...representative examples spanning ancient, medieval, and modern times. The analysis identifies features of these different practices and the motivations behind them, developing a comprehensive system of interpretation.
Zerstörung von Geschriebenem Kühne-Wespi, Carina; Oschema, Klaus Peter; Quack, Joachim Friedrich
2019, 2019-05-20, Letnik:
22
eBook
Die Reihe Materiale Textkulturen ist das Publikationsorgan des gleichnamigen Heidelberger Sonderforschungsbereichs 933, der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert wird. In der Reihe ...erscheinen Sammelbände und Monographien, die sich den Forschungsschwerpunkten des SFB widmen, also die Materialität und Präsenz des Geschriebenen in non-typographischen Gesellschaften erforschen.
In ancient Rome, any citizen who had brought disgrace upon the state could be subject to a judgment believed to be worse than death:damnatio memoriae, condemnation of memory. The Senate would decree ...that every trace of the citizen's existence be removed from the city as if they had never existed in the first place. Once reserved for individuals,damnatio memoriae in different forms now extends to social classes, racial and ethnic groups, and even entire peoples. In modern times, the condemned go by different names-"enemies of the people;" the "missing," the "disappeared," "ghost" detainees in "black sites"-but they are subject to the same fate of political erasure. Arthur Bradley explores the power to render life unlived from ancient Rome through the War on Terror. He argues that sovereignty is the power to decide what counts as being alive and what does not: to make life "unbearable," unrecognized as having lived or died. In readings of Augustine, Shakespeare, Hobbes, Robespierre, Schmitt, and Benjamin, Bradley asks: What is the "life" of this unbearable life? How does it change and endure across sovereign time and space, from empires to republics, from kings to presidents? To what extent can it be resisted or lived otherwise? A profoundly interdisciplinary and ambitious work,Unbearable Life rethinks sovereignty, biopolitics, and political theology to find the radical potential of a life that neither lives or dies.
The article suggestively called Damnatio memoriae. Historical andmoral revenge in images is considering the analysis of a cultural, historical andartistic phenomenon practiced since ancient times in ...different cultures andcivilizations, which literally consists in condemning the memory of certainremarkable personalities of the past, by deleting the names of the inscriptions,respectively by deteriorating, marking with distinctive signs (blackout,scribbling, etc.) or even completely destroying the images that representedthem. As we will try to demonstrate, this kind of practice has a strong ethicalconnotation, offering, besides a series of genuine documents about historicalevents, a moralizing example based on a certain type of ideology specific tothe space where they originated.Our work proposes to exemplify such a case, originating from the 16thcentury in Moldavia, referring to the personality and visual representations ofPrince Iliaş who appears in various artistic representations, such as the votivepaintings of Humor, Baia, Moldoviţa and Probota .It is worth noting from the beginning that the act of condemningmemory was most often done as a sign of an epoch-end (dictatorship) and thebeginning of a new one in which the recollection of the tyrant (or of thatparticular personality) was destroyed, and the images that reminded of himwere vandalized. As history shows, when such a phenomenon took place,hatred of the dictators of the periods of sad remembrance was reflected, mostof the time, upon the works of art that they represented, or the documents thatmentioned them, without taking into any account the importance, value, costsor efforts made to achieve them.
Gennade of Marseilles De viris illustribus displays social and individual assessment, on discourse level, conforming a particular catalog on ecclesiastical authors. Then, the notice on Augustine of ...Hippo is clear about a non conventional evaluation of his work. The history of De viris illustribus reception completes this perspective, showing different reactions of readers, beginning with interpolations in Augustine s chapter.
El De viris illustribus de Genadio de Marsella pone de manifiesto una serie de dispositivos discursivos, portadores de las valoraciones sociales e individuales que han dado su forma propia al catálogo de autores en cuestión. En este sentido, la noticia acerca de Agustín de Hipona, un actor histórico conspicuo, resulta ilustrativa respecto de unos criterios particulares, mediante la adjudicación de signos no convencionales a los contenidos del acervo, v.g., la información referida a la producción textual agustiniana. El enfoque de la tradición genadiana se completa con la información procedente de la esfera de la recepción ya que, en lo que respecta a los lectores de Genadio, podemos afirmar que repararon en la especificidad del abordaje, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de reacciones dispares que se han registrado, empezando por los añadidos hechos sobre el mismo texto dedicado a Agustín.
Understanding the history of Jesus research through the 'Three Quests' paradigm ('Old Quest', 'New Quest' and 'Third Quest') has become widespread—and even taken for granted—in the guild of New ...Testament scholars. In recent years, however, that taxonomy has raised several cogent criticisms. Nonetheless, there are apologists who keep this interpretive paradigm alive and well. This article aims at revisiting the Three Quests typology in order to assess its explanatory value. It identifies the assertions and assumptions (and even implicit value judgments) of this typology, arguing that not one of them withstands critical examination because they are all built on arbitrary grounds and are refuted by literary evidence or by sound reasoning. Furthermore, the article contains an argument suggesting that this historiographical construct could serve certain ideological (more specifically, theological) interests.
A partire dalla antichità classica, a Roma si sviluppò la tradizione di gettare nel Tevere i cadaveri dei nemici politici quale atto di damnatio memoriae o di deletio memoriae. Clemente III (Guiberto ...di Ravenna) incorse in questo destino poco invidiabile. Papa Pasquale II ordinò di esumare i suoi resti e di gettarli nel Tevere così che non rimanesse traccia di lui, né per una futura memoria liturgica, né per una venerazione da parte dei suoi seguaci, che lo consideravano un santo piuttosto che un antipapa morto. Questo saggio si interroga se questa “sepoltura” nel Tevere sia avvenuta clandestinamente o come un atto di alto simbolismo politico: una purificazione rituale con un pubblico a far da testimone. Il saggio tratteggia anche lo sviluppo di questa tradizione dall’età romana fino ai giorni nostri, sottolineando gli specifici contesti politici in cui avvennero tali atti di intenzionale damnatio e deletio memoriae. L’aggettivo “intenzionale” è cruciale, dal momento che il Tevere, paradossalmente, rivelava spesso di costituire non tanto uno strumento di oblio, che cancellava radicalmente la memoria del condannato, quanto lo scenario su cui una particolare tradizione di ricordo prendeva forma. Tramite atti politici pubblici e rituali presumibilmente intrapresi per cancellare la memoria, il ricordo dei nemici politici morti era invece squalificato alimentando – sempre agli occhi del pubblico – una memoria negativa o deliberatamente infamante, una damnatio in memoria.
This article discusses the use of 3D laser scanning as an objective means to record and identify damaged Roman portraits in stone, in this case three mutilated images recovered from Romano British ...contexts that can now be identified as being of the fifth emperor of Rome, Nero (AD 54–68). The potential significance of such sculptured pieces has frequently been overlooked and the portraits themselves have, to date, made little or no contribution to the understanding of Roman art, the nature of imperial identity, the dissemination of artwork throughout the Roman world, the worship of the head of state in the provinces, or the development of Britain following conquest and assimilation by Rome. This report represents the first stage of a wider project set up to create a 3D digital database of Roman portraiture and the subsequent dissemination of datasets in an educational and interactive format.
Some New Observations on the Executions of Crispus, Licinius the Younger, and Fausta (326 CE).
The information provided by fourth and fifth-century sources on the executions of Caesar Crispus, son of ...Constantine, Licinius Licinianus, his nephew, and Fausta, his wife, in 326 CE, documents the birth of a literary genre, the relation of historical facts based on written and oral sources. The extant information is based, on the whole, on the implementation of the damnatio memoriae of the three members of the imperial family by Constantine. The most credible narratives (by Aurelius Victor, Eutropius, Peanius, and Hieronymus) confirm that the reasons for the punishments were unknown to ancient authors, even though they differed for each one. Nevertheless, circumstantial ties can be established between the death of Licinius and that of Martinian owing to the uprising by the former emperor one year before in Thessaloniki.
Les exécutions de Crispus, Licinius le Jeune et Fausta (326 apr. J.-C.) : nouvelles observations.
L’ information apportée par les auteurs des IVe et Ve siècles apr. J.-C. sur les exécutions en 326 de Crispus, fils de Constantin, de son neveu, Licinius le Jeune, et de Fausta, son épouse, reflète le processus de formation d’un genre littéraire relatant des faits historiques à partir de sources écrites et orales. Les informations conservées, dans leur ensemble, résultent de l’exécution de la damnatio memoriae des trois membres de la famille impériale par Constantin. Les récits les plus crédibles (Aurelius Victor, Eutrope, Peanius et Jérôme de Stridon) confirment que les raisons des condamnations n’étaient pas connues des auteurs antiques, même si elles différaient pour chacun. On peut cependant établir une relation circonstancielle entre la mort de Licinius et celle de Martinien, en raison du soulèvement de l’ancien empereur un an avant à Thessalonique.
La información que aporta los autores de los siglos IV y V d. C. sobre las ejecuciones en 326 d. C. del césar Crispo, hijo de Constantino, de su sobrino, Licinio el Joven, y de Fausta, esposa del emperador, refleja el proceso de formación de un registro literario de hechos históricos, a partir de fuentes escritas y orales. Las noticias conservadas son, en su conjunto, el resultado de la aplicación de la damnatio memoriae de sus tres miembros de la familia imperial sancionada por Constantino. Los relatos más acreditados (los debidos a Aurelio Víctor, Eutropio, Peanio y Jerónimo de Estridón) confirman que las razones de las condenas eran desconocidas por los autores de antiguos, aunque debieron de ser distintas en cada caso. Éstas, no obstante, se pueden poner en relación circunstancial con las muertes de Licinio y de su césar Martiniano, motivadas por el intento de sublevación del antiguo príncipe un año antes en Tesalónica.
Moreno Resano Esteban. Las ejecuciones de Crispo, Licinio el Joven y Fausta (año 326 d.C.): nuevas observaciones. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 41, n°1, 2015. pp. 177-200.
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