With growing concerns about the allocation inequality of environmental benefits and pollution, it is crucial to investigate whether a special characteristic of China’s environmental inequality has ...emerged. The present study aims to elucidate the regional spatial features of industrial pollution inequality (IPI) (waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste measured by the Theil index separately) and their relevance to national territorial space planning strategies. Furthermore, we make a novel attempt to develop an integrated framework that employs a developed-Kaya identity with the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method to uncover the driving force of IPI disparities. We make use of the data published recently by the provincial panel of China, during the period 2000–2015. Based on this information, we found notable spatial-temporal heterogeneity in China’s IPI, highly correlated to China’s core national territorial space planning strategy, the “T-shaped” spatial development strategy. The empirical results support the “structural features” hypothesis in IPI for China. In particular, the Coastal Region has a great edge in industrial pollution equality. In most provinces in the Inland Corridor along the Yangtze River, the trend of IPI has been alleviated to some extent. However, provinces further inland that are off-side the two axes of “T-shaped” spatial development strategy have to respond to the two-fold challenge of the exacerbated trend in IPI both within and between the regions. Our findings also indicate that the effect of technological inequality is the main driving force for IPI in the earlier stage of development. However, effects of economic inequality together with that of economic structure inequality manifest in the middle or transition period and the economic inequality effect is the determinant in the later stage of development. Additionally, contributions of size effect and inequality effect are changeable over development process, economic inequality effect outweighs the economic size effect for IPI in more developed districts or districts in higher developing phases. These findings may help the government incorporate environmental equality goals into regional policies and contribute to the emerging literature on environmental inequality.
The article reveals the problems of organic farming in Ukraine. The study showed that small producers, such as family farms, have the ability to produce organic products in accordance with the ...appropriate requirements. A SWOT analysis of the process of organic farming by a private peasant household was conducted as well as the main opportunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of its functioning and development were identified. The strategy of development of the Ukrainian organic agriculture of family farms has been chosen. It will give the chance to pursue it further by means of strategic directions, such as: tax incentives for producers of organic products, implementation of the state program for sustainable development of rural areas, “green” tourism and rural cooperation, elimination of political levers of influence on the implementation of state agricultural policy, as well as implementation of the state program to support the development of advisory services in the field of organic production.
The relevance of the research lies in the problem of insufficient information in collection and analysis of geological and physical-chemical properties of the developed reservoirs. In particular, ...such problem concerns permeability anisotropy, the value of which can initially be realized only on the basis of cores obtained by core drilling. This is often costly and not beneficial for the subsurface user. However, during construction of geological model, the permeability anisotropy value is one of the key characteristics and significantly effects its behavior. The aim of this work is to determine the optimal value of vertical anisotropy based on the available data and to propose options to improve the existing development system during simulation of anisotropy model. The study object is one of oil fields of the Tomsk region, consisting of terrigenous sediments. A feature of the field is its location in the system of complex local lifted blocks of various orders. The main productive reservoir is represented by Jurassic sediments, created in a regressive-transgressive sedimentation series and have a complex distribution of poroperm properties. Methods: studying the flow characteristics of fluids in the porous medium, measuring and selecting the value of vertical permeability anisotropy, as well as carrying out simulations considering the proposed improvements of the development system. As a result, it has been learned that increasing the value of vertical anisotropy does not always lead to a growth in production of reserves in the well area. Thus, at a vertical anisotropy value of 0,5, the value of cumulative oil production was 1,968 MM m3, while for 0,86 this value was 1,913 MM m3. This result is related to the geological features of reservoir and emphasizes the importance of the permeability anisotropy effect. Simulations on isotropy and anisotropy models were performed, which allowed highlighting optimal options of optimization of the current development system. The oil recovery factor for the isotropy model was 23,4 % and for the anisotropy model 22,8 % relative to the size of the geological reserves to be extracted. Thus, the resulting 0,6 % difference again shows the importance of the permeability anisotropy phenomenon and the need for as much data as possible.
Development in the fisheries processing sector, in particular the manufacture of shrimp crackers (kemplang), is not always sustainable and viable. This study aimed to assess the sustainability status ...of fisheries processing to produce shrimp kemplang using a multi-dimensional approach and to develop a management system for the improved development of shrimp cracker (kemplang) production. The sustainability analysis used the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) method with some modifications, and a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. This research was conducted in Sungsang 1, Banyuasin II District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out from May to June 2020 using a survey method and direct interviews. The data were presented in tabulations and graphs and analysed descriptively. The results showed that the sustainability status of shrimp kemplang processing was categorized as adequately sustainable, with an index value of 2.58. The raw materials dimension with a value of 3.27 had the highest sustainability rating. The economic dimension was categorized as less sustainable with an index value of 2.02. In the SWOT analysis, the shrimp kemplang processing was in Quadrant I, indicating that an SO (Strength-Opportunity) strategy would be appropriate. This means that the shrimp kemplang processors need to use their strengths to be able to take full advantage of the opportunities available.
Developing new energy vehicles (NEVs) is essential for China’s automotive industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The development of a NEV platform is an effective means for ...automotive companies to balance the development cost, development time, and product performance of NEVs. However, there is no clear solution to choosing new energy vehicle platform development strategies and models for automotive companies. This paper mainly studies the significance of NEV platform development, the classification and characteristics of NEV platforms, and the development strategies and trends of NEV platforms for automotive companies. The study results found that choosing a new dedicated electric platform (NDEP) is inevitable for the latest automotive companies, such as TESLA Motors. An adapted electric platform (AEP) is a temporary solution that meets the dual credits policy. It lacks competitiveness and has been gradually eliminated for the traditional automotive companies. The new dedicated electric platform is a long-term development solution when comprehensively considering the market, technology, and policy. The compatible platform (CP) is a transitional solution when considering the development trend of automotive powertrain, the market size of NEVs, and the platform technology of NEVs. Besides, joint development and shared use is the primary development model for the automotive enterprise in the future. Finally, companies should increase their research and development efforts on NEV architecture platforms to maximize platform-based development’s scale effect and application value. The research can provide strategic guidance for automotive companies to develop NEV platforms.
Many societies face an income gap between rich regions with access to advanced technology and regions that are rich in natural resources but poorer in technology. This "resource curse" can lead to a ...Kuznets trap, in which economic inequalities between the rich and the poor increase during the process of socioeconomic development. This can also lead to depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, social instability, and declining socioeconomic development. These problems will jeopardize China's achievements if the current path continues to be pursued without intervention by the government to solve the problems. To mitigate the socioeconomic development gap between western and eastern China, the government implemented its Western Development Program in 2000. However, recent data suggest that this program has instead worsened the resource curse. Because each region has its own unique strengths and weaknesses, China must escape the resource curse by accounting for this difference; in western China, this can be done by improving education, promoting high-tech industry, adjusting its economic strategy to balance regional development, and seeking more sustainable approaches to socioeconomic development.
This paper addresses the first financial initiative of the Slovenian government for the professionalisation and development of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to promote sustainability in the ...third sector. The measure was the result of the Non-Governmental Organisations Act, adopted in 2018, and was followed by the Development strategy of non-governmental organisations and volunteering until 2023 (DSNGOV). The state’s contribution to an increased level of professionalisation was welcomed by NGOs because, compared to other EU28 states, which have an average employment rate of 4.18%, Slovenia is far behind, with only 0.82% of its active working population being employed in the NGO sector. In May 2018, the Ministry of Public Administration released invitations to fund projects for the development and professionalisation of NGOs and voluntary service, providing grants for 100 NGO jobs. The final project results were compiled in March 2020, and the findings were evaluated in 29 survey reports in April 2020. The research focused on the occupations for which employees were sought, legal forms of the applicant NGOs and recruitment methods. The results demonstrate that the state measure was successful, as 69% of the funded jobs were sustained. However, most of the retained jobs were filled by those who were previously employed in the NGO sector (84.6%), so the employment rate has barely risen.
The article considers the method of planning the production capacity of a high-tech enterprise based on the application of the Pontryagin maximum mathematical model. The presented method is aimed at ...increasing the productivity of the equipment installed at the enterprise, in order to optimize the time spent and the volume of products produced. The study analyses the activities of research and production enterprise in order to improve the level of efficiency of production capacity management. The purpose of the research is to organize an effective process of planning production capacities of a high-tech enterprise based on the application of the Pontryagin maximum mathematical model, which allows you significantly to increase not only equipment performance indicators, but also optimize the time required to complete the current production program. The author tested the algorithms, models and methods proposed in the article at a research and production enterprise engaged in the production of high-tech products. The use of the obtained models will allow you to optimize peak loads in the current production program at the enterprise, reduce the labor intensity indicators in the annual production plan, determine the necessary amount of production equipment, which will eventually reduce the amount of necessary investments. The paper gives a practical example of the organization of a new type of production aimed at manufacturing various parts of complex shape.
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