The linguistic and cultural child image in Gorale dialects The child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular ...culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts. Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse. This vocabulary reflects the people's relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people's attitude towards the family. Językowokulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich Obraz dziecka jest jak dotąd dość słabo spenetrowanym przez dialektologów obszarem badawczym, wzbudza natomiast zainteresowanie badaczy polszczyzny standardowej (ogólnej) i kultury popularnej. W artykule przeprowadzam rekonstrukcję językowego obrazu dziecka w szeroko rozumianych gwarach góralskich (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Śląsk Cieszyński, Żywiecczyzna, Bukowina) na podstawie materiału wyekscerpowanego ze słowników gwarowych i regionalnych, opublikowanych w latach 1900 2011, paremii i wybranych tekstów medialnych. Słownictwo służące konceptualizacji dziecka w gwarach góralskich jest bogate i ciekawe nie tylko pod względem formalnym i stylistycznym, ale też, co trzeba podkreślić, zróżnicowane pod względem pochodzenia i geografii. W leksyce nazywającej dziecko w gwarach góralskich odzwierciedla się bogata sieć relacji międzyludzkich, tradycji, ujawniają się emocje i hierarchia wartości, które możemy odnieść nie tylko do mentalności górali, ale w ogóle do postrzegania rodziny przez Polaków.
Tafxiːm defines a post-velar place of articulation, under which it may subsume consonantal (C) and vocalic (V) Place features for consonantal and vocalic elements that are the correlates of tafxi:m ...in sounds specified as underlyingly mufaxxama (heavy or dark) sounds in auditory terms (Jackobson,1957), also called post-velars (PVs). A considerable amount of research on tafxi:m in vowels is done on dialects of Arabic of different linguistic backgrounds (Herzallah, 1990; Zawaydeh, 1999; Shahin 2003). However, not much has been done on tafxi:m in the vowels of Mesopotamian Arabic (MA) dialects, the Muslawi Qəltu (MQ) and Baghdadi Gilit (BG) of two different linguistic backgrounds where tafxi:m in vowels is thought to be driven by the dialect background. In the dialects of Arabic including the Mesopotamian sedentary Muslawi Qəltu and Bedouin Baghdadi Gilit dialects under investigation, the post-velars (PVs) represent sounds with two locations for two manners of articulation: the pharyngeals which include the /ʕ/ and the /ħ/, and the uvulars which include the /q/, the /χ/ and /ʁ/. The third group of sounds are the pharyngealised coronals, the so-called emphatics (i.e. heavy or dark). They are represented with two places of articulation. The coronal place as their primary articulation and the pharyngeal place as their secondary articulation. The pharyngealised coronals include sounds with two manners of articulations; that is the stops /tˤ/, and the fricatives /ðˤ/and /sˤ/. They represent the dark or heavy counterparts of the plain stops /t/, /d/, and the plain fricatives /ð/, /s/ respectively (ibid). Tafxi:m in vowels as driven by PV mufaxxama sounds is defined as lowering, retraction, centralisation or as rounding being conditioned by the nature of articulatory feature (constriction) in the trigger PV mufaxxama and is being conditioned by the presence of particular lexemes identified as secondary mufaxxama. However, the featural manifestations of PVs in vowels, and the presence of secondary mufaxxama is phonologically governed by vowel quality and is specific to a particular language or dialect. In this research, it is found that the featural manifestation of tafxi:m are presented both locally and in long domain as backing and backing and rounding in the /i/ and /a/ vowels in Baghdadi Gilit of Bedouin origin with a significant drop in F2 onset in a uvular and pharyngealised PV context conditioned by lexemes identified as secondary PVs (mufaxxama) and are phonologically driven by the dialect background. III On the other hand, tafxi:m is featured as lowering in the /a/ vowel in Muslawi Qəltu of sedentary origin with a significant rise in F1 onset in a uvular context. In MQ, a sedentary vowel feature known as ʔima:la (vowel fronting) of /u/ and centralisation of /i/ vowels occur in domains where it is present as lowering or retraction of /u/ in Gilit. In long / i:, a:, u:/ vowels, tafxi:m is represented as lowering and centralisation with significant lowering of /i:/ and /u:/ in a uvular context in Muslawi Qəltu compared to /a:/ lowering and centralisation in a pharyngeal and pharyngealized context in Baghdadi Gilit. Tafxi:m is also represented as a feature of harmony which is introduced in non-local vowels as /u/ vowel colouring or /a/ backing in Baghdadi Gilit when secondary mufaxxama sounds are present in the same phonological domain.
The disambiguation of similarly-worded alternative questions (altqs) and disjunctive yes-no questions (dynqs) has sparked a debate in English. The debate revolves around which prosodic feature can ...disambiguate them. In Arabic, little attention has been dedicated to how these two types of disjunction question are disambiguated. What adds to the complexity of the disambiguation in Arabic is that Arabic dialects, unlike English, use two disjunctive elements, equivalent to the English or, in altqs and dynqs. In order to replicate Pruitt and Roelofsen’s (2013) English perception study on Arabic, the disambiguating cues pertinent to Arabic need to be used in such a perception study. Hence, a thorough investigation of the general behaviour of disjunctive elements in the literature and in a corpus of eight Arabic dialects is run; based on this investigation, four dialects are selected for further investigation of the prosodic details of their disjunctive questions (Jordanian (JA), Egyptian (EA), Kuwaiti (KA), and Syrian (SA) Arabic) in two production studies. One is analysis of corpus production data in the four dialects, and the other is a production study dedicated to JA. The results of the two production studies indicate that both choice of disjunctive element (ʔaw vs. willa) and choice of contour (late-rise vs. rise-fall) seem to play a role in the disambiguation. So, two perception studies are run to investigate the relative role of each of the cues: one on JA, and one on all four dialects. The results reveal that the choice of contour contributes significantly to a dynq reading in all dialects, and the choice of disjunctive element contributes significantly to the disambiguation in three dialects (JA, EA, and KA). This finding shows that Arabic is ‘like English’ in employing choice of contour in the disambiguation, but it is also different from English in employing another disambiguating cue.
The Iberian challenge McWhorter, John H; Schwegler, Armin; Ströbel, Liane
2016., 2016, Letnik:
36
eBook
"Creole languages lexified by Spanish and Portuguese have played a relatively small role in theories of creole genesis, and as a result the histories of vernaculars such as Palenquero, Papiamentu, ...Cape Verdean Creole, and the Gulf of Guinea creoles (e.g., São Tomense or Annobonese) have typically been considered distinct evolutionary events. In contrast, English and French-based creoles (e.g., Hawaiian Pidgin English or Haitian French), formerly spoken on large-scale plantations, have always been viewed as the "default" or prototypical kind. This volume takes issue with this traditional view by arguing that there is no a priori reason to give plantation creoles this preferential treatment. As the ten articles assembled here show, the plantation scenario is only one of many a realization that poses special challenges to theories of creole genesis that seek to be maximally comprehensive. Overall, Iberian-based creoles thus demonstrate a diversity of complex circumstances that any overarching theory of creole genesis ought to take into account."--P. 4 of cover.
What is the explanation for the nature, character and evolution of the many different varieties of English in the world today? Which changes in the English language are the legacy of its origins and ...which are the product of novel influences in the places to which it was transported? Roots of English is a groundbreaking investigation into four dialects from parts of northern Britain out of which came the founding populations of many regions in other parts of the world. Sali Tagliamonte comprehensively describes and analyses the key features of the dialects and their implications for subsequent developments of English. Her examination of dialect features contributes substantive evidence for assessing and understanding bigger issues in sociolinguistic theory. Based on exciting new findings, the book will appeal to those interested in dialects, from the Anglophile to the syntactician.
The book series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie is among the most renowned publications in Romance Studies. It covers the entire field of Romance linguistics, including the ...national languages as well as the lesser studied Romance languages. The series publishes high-quality monographs and collected volumes on all areas of linguistic research, on medieval literature and on textual criticism.
Bilingual speakers are normally aware of what language they are speaking or hearing; there is, however, no widely accepted consensus on the degree of lexical and morphosyntactic similarity that ...defines the psycholinguistic threshold of distinct languages. This book focuses on the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in bilingual contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish. Although sharing largely cognate lexicons, the languages are in general not mutually intelligible. For example, Palenquero exhibits no adjective-noun or verb-subject agreement, uses pre-verbal tense-mood-aspect particles, and exhibits unbounded clause-final negation. The present study represents a first attempt at mapping the psycholinguistic boundaries between Spanish and Palenquero from the speakers' own perspective, including traditional native Palenquero speakers, adult heritage speakers, and young native Spanish speakers who are acquiring Palenquero as a second language. The latter group also provides insights into the possible cognitive cost of "de-activating" Spanish morphological agreement as well as the relative efficiency of pre-verbal vs. clause-final negation. In this study, corpus-based analyses are combined with an array of interactive experimental techniques, demonstrating that externally-imposed classifications do not always correspond to speakers' own partitioning of language usage in their communities.
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