Stanje v Sloveniji glede dostopnosti javnih objektov funkcionalno oviranim osebam je skrb vzbujajoče. Največkrat so ovire že pri dostopu do objekta (ni parkirnega prostora za invalide, do vhoda v ...objekt vodijo stopnice, pred vhodom je visok prag, vrata v objekt so pretežka, kljuka je nameščena previsoko ipd.) in v notranjosti objekta (stopnišča, neprilagojena dvigala, premajhne sanitarije ipd.). Da bi funkcionalno oviranim osebam omogočili prikaz morebitnih ovir ter te ovire prikazali lastnikom in vzdrževalcem objektov, je bila izdelana metoda za popis dostopnosti objektov za funkcionalno ovirane osebe z uporabo spletnih orodij, ki je predstavljena v tem članku. Metoda za popis dostopnosti objektov se opira na upoštevno zakonodajo in standarde s področja univerzalne dostopnosti. Pomembna je predvsem za natančno in primerljivo presojo morebitnih ovir in njihovih že vzpostavljenih prilagoditev. To je tako večfunkcijski okvir za presojo dostopnosti vseh objektov, saj omogoča pregled in prikaz morebitnih ovir za lastnike in vzdrževalce objektov, kot vodnik o dostopnosti objekta za funkcionalne osebe. V članku je predstavljena še implementacija metode v spletni sistem za popis dostopnosti objektov. Ta med drugim omogoča spremljanje dostopnosti objektov za potrebe funkcionalno oviranih oseb in pregled ugotovljenih ovir za lastnike in vzdrževalce objektov.
Prispevek analizira dostopnost javnega potniškega prometa ( JPP) v Sloveniji glede na oddaljenost postajališč od prebivališč in pogostnost voženj. S povezovanjem podatkov iz Centralnega registra ...prebivalcev in podatkov o ponudbi JPP smo z geografskim informacijskim sistemom izračunali delež prebivalstva, ki živi v 500- in 1000-metrski oddaljenosti od postajališč z zadevnim številom dnevnih voženj. Avtorji so analizirali prostorske razlike v dostopnosti do postajališč JPP, na podlagi podatkov o gostoti prebivalstva so prepoznali glavne vrzeli v ponudbi JPP in analizirali razmeščanje novejše poselitve v navezavi na današnje omrežje JPP.
Do we have the spark? Rupel, Valentina Prevolnik; Marušič, Dorijan
Zdravstveno varstvo,
06/2022, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Upgrading any system is challenging. Neglecting continuous monitoring and evaluation might impose solutions that worsen the situation. Primary orientation toward increasing productivity is the main ...reason for the tremendous decline in the accessibility of outpatient services in Slovenia since 2015, in addition to additional funds from the state budget. In the actual ‘fee-for-service’, providers are incentivised to deliver more expensive services, not first visits. Although the stakeholders are not to blame, it is high time for an orientation towards patients’ needs: a breakaway from inefficient technical solutions, an acceptance of patients as active participants in decision-making, measurement of their treatment outcomes, and the adoption of already proven advanced payment models, such as population-based payments. The journey towards value-based healthcare must start!
Alcohol consumption among young people is strongly related to alcohol availability. The minimum legal drinking (purchasing) age (MLDA) is a legal measure that regulates alcohol availability to minors ...in Slovenia. This study examines (1) retailers' compliance with the MLDA law in Slovenia and (2) the effectiveness of two interventions directed at cashiers in off-premise stores.
The study uses a non-randomized quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of (1) a communication intervention directed at off-premise store managers, and (2) an intervention by the Slovene Market Inspectorate. The first intervention focused on informing cashiers about MLDA's importance and their role as gatekeepers of young people's health, while the second involved law enforcement. Using the mystery shopping protocol, we conducted two waves of purchase attempts with decoy underage shoppers pre- and post-intervention in 97 off-premise stores. We collected data on the shopping process at the point of sale and conducted 40 semistructured interviews with cashiers to evaluate the barriers and incentives regarding MLDA compliance.
Retailers' initial noncompliance rate with MLDA in off-premise stores was high, but improved significantly after the law enforcement intervention. We identified a significant correlation between the cashiers' ID requests and the refusal of alcohol sales, but cashiers' ID requests remained low. Qualitative findings reveal that cashiers experience several issues when handling MLDA in practice.
Noncompliance with MLDA persisted even after the law enforcement intervention, revealing the need for policy makers to introduce new strategies for MLDA enforcement, such as revocable alcohol licenses for off-premise stores.
The voice represents a basic working tool for carrying out certain occupations. Hoarseness, as a consequence of vocal fold lesions, presents an important cause of work-related absences for voice ...professionals.
Our study was designed as a retrospective cohort one. Data on gender, workplace, vocal load and exposure to risk factors for voice disorders of the patients who had surgery in the 2014-2015 period at the tertiary centre due to benign vocal fold lesions were collected from their clinical records. We compared professional voice users (PVU) to subjects with no vocal load at work (NPVU). The SPSS programme, version 22.0, was used for statistical analysis.
From 2014 to 2015, 103 PVU and 132 NPVU were surgically treated for benign vocal fold lesions. In comparison to the second group, loud speech use was reported significantly more often by PVU (40.8% vs. 14.4%), as was a fast speaking rate (22.3% vs. 9.8%) and additional vocal load outside of the workplace (23.3% vs. 12.9%). The time that had passed between the occurrence of the hoarseness and the surgical treatment did not differ between the groups. The majority of patients were satisfied with the outcome of the operation.
Nearly a half of the operated patients had a considerable vocal load at work. An ENT assessment prior to starting a job as well as priority phoniatric treatment of voice disorders for PVU would significantly reduce the costs of work absences and contribute to a speedier recovery and return to the workplace.
Zamisel o skupnem prometnem prostoru (ang. living streets) se je razvila šele nedavno, upošteva pa se predvsem pri prostorskem načrtovanju in razvoju mest. Njena glavna namena sta zagotavljanje ...varnega dostopa za vse vrste prometa in s tem osredotočanje na splošni trajnostni razvoj mesta. Avtorji v članku proučujejo značilnosti glavnih prometnih žil v poslovnem središču Pešavarja z vidika koncepta skupnega prometnega prostora, na podlagi česar bi se lahko sprejeli ustrezni ukrepi za izboljšanje tega mestnega območja. Predpostavljajo, da trenutna infrastruktura skupnega prometnega prostora v poslovnem središču mesta ne zadovoljuje potreb različnih uporabnikov (nakupovalcev, stanovalcev, zaposlenih in ljudi, ki območje uporabljajo za rekreacijo). Da bi določili in analizirali osnovno javno infrastrukturo v poslovnem središču mesta, so opravili raziskavo, ki je vključevala opazovanje in anketo. Raziskava je razkrila težave, kot so hrup, onesnažen zrak, smeti, pomanjkanje ustrezne javne prometne infrastrukture in površin za pešce ter slabo upravljanje prometa. Anketiranci so izrazili močno nezadovoljstvo z zdajšnjo ureditvijo za pešce in parkiranje na ulici. Terenska raziskava je poleg tega pokazala, da površine za pešce ne zadovoljujejo potreb pešcev, pomanjkanje ulične opreme pa prebivalce odvrača od tega, da bi se bolj družili.
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyse and present the causes of the differences in crude utilization rate in cardiac implantation electronic devices, specifically pacemakers ...and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, across 5 European countries, with a specific emphasis on Slovenia. Methods Based on the results of the analysis of the uptake of cardiac implantation electronic devices across countries studied in MedtecHTA project, the targeted interviews were conducted to explain the factors that impact the differences and explain data in Slovenia. Results The reasons for the differences in crude utilization rate across 5 European countries were multiple: the first group of differences refers to the coding system and linkages between coding and financing of health care. The second group of reasons can be qualitatively ascribed to the economic situation, financial situation in health care, and its impact on decision-making. The last reason is the non-existence of the golden rule for optimal crude utilisation rate. Conclusions It is evident that the differences in the uptake of cardiac implantation electronic devices among the countries are of organisational nature: they refer to the system of coding, the importance attached to correct coding practices, the link between coding and financing of health care as well as the availability of private clinics and private insurance. According to the interviews, the economic development of the country also impacts those differences, whereas the differences in clinical practice and guidelines are claimed not to play a role in the explanation of the differences.
Describing the accessibility, by public transport, of a given place is of particular importance today. The speed and multiplicity of urban public transport have made many places far more accessible ...than they were at the beginning of the 20th century. Descriptions of the accessibility of a given place, expressed in terms of travel time, have been carried out since the 19th century, when the first map for journeys to London by public transport was published. Since then, many "accessibility maps" have been produced and the theoretical principles for their creation drawn up. However, the influence that particular methods for interpolating travel times have on the accuracy and appearance of such maps has not been analysed. The purpose of this article is an analysis of interpolation methods, using a tool such as GIS, for estimating the accessibility of any location. The research was conducted by the Military University of Technology in Warsaw (MUT), drawing up an isochrone map that showed travel times by public transport to the MUT campus. According to the results, the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were shown applying the IDW method, in which small isochronic islands did not appear. The highest estimation errors occurred with the nearest neighbour method, and the least beneficial arrangement of isochronic islands appeared using the spline method.
Zaplemba in prodaja stanovanj sta bili med novejšo gospodarsko krizo resen problem v Združenih državah Amerike, saj sta močno vplivali na posameznike, gospodinjstva in skupnosti. Spodbujajo in ...izvajajo se različni programi za reševanje problema praznih stanovanj zaradi zaplemb, zgoščenih na enem območju. V članku se preučuje, kako bi lahko z zaplenjenimi stanovanji omogočili dostop do cenovno ugodnih stanovanj na mestnih območjih ZDA. Primerjane so prodajne cene zaplenjenih in nezaplenjenih stanovanj v Tampi na Floridi, nato pa so preučene štiri stanovanjske soseske in ugotavlja se, ali bi lahko nudile dostopna in cenovno ugodna stanovanja. Ugotovitve kažejo, da bi z zaplenjenimi stanovanji to v določeni meri lahko omogočili, čeprav na trgu ne dosegajo statistično pomembne nižje cene. Članek prispeva k trenutni razpravi o zaplembah, praznih stanovanjih in propadu sosesk, njegov namen pa je zlasti predstaviti posledice za stanovanjsko politiko na trgih z velikim številom praznih in nezadostnim številom cenovno dostopnih stanovanj. Poleg tega so v članku izpostavljene ovire, na katere bodo lahko lokalne skupnosti naletele pri preureditvi zaplenjenih stanovanj v cenovno dostopna stanovanja.
Informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT) se z namenom razširitve dostopa do izobraževanja odraslih lahkouporabljajo na mnoge načine. IKT, zlasti internet, spreminja vse vidike življenja in ...delovanja sodobne družbe. Spletnoučenje v razvitem svetu se širi in postaja vse pomembnejša oblika poučevanja in učenja, vendar je uporaba IKT vučnem procesu večinoma delna in nepovezana. Kvalitativne spremembe v uporabi IKT v izobraževanju (z integracijoračunalniško podprtih oblik komunikacije in interakcije ter informacijskih virov zunaj tradicionalnega izobraževalnegaokolja) še niso bile v celoti dosežene. E-izobraževanje zunaj formalnih okoliščin je pogosto povezano z izboljšanjempismenosti odraslih in osnovnega izobraževanja. Nova tehnologija se lahko uporabi za številne izobraževalne programeza odrasle, ki se izobraževanja sicer ne morejo udeležiti, lahko pa je tudi pomembno orodje informiranja in svetovanja.Izobraževalce odraslih na tem področju čakajo še mnogi izzivi, npr. kako razširiti dostop do IKT na podeželju in manjrazvitih območjih, kako izboljšati digitalne kompetence in kako oblikovati e-učenje, ki bo dostopno vsem udeležencem.
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