Terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan krisis multi-sektor yang terjadi secara global, meliputi aspek kesehatan, sosial, ekonomi, hingga kepemimpinan. Sebagai salah satu negara di kawasan ...Asia-Pasifik yang selama satu dekade terakhir mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang signifikan, Indonesia juga turut menghadapi terjadinya penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan sosial sebagai imbas dari terjadinya pandemi. Dalam rangka menghadapi tantangan-tantangan yang hadir, pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan perubahan pada strategi diplomasi ekonomi nasional dengan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk menyokong kinerja ekspor-impor nasional dan meminimalisasi dampak ekonomi dari pandemi. Artikel ini menghadirkan analisis dan deskripsi komprehensif mengenai strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Dengan mengadopsi kerangka analisis diplomasi ekonomi, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia selama masa pandemi Covid-19 hadir baik dalam ranah aktivitas primer dan pendukung, serta terdiri dari aktivitas perdagangan dan komersil, advokasi bisnis, pembangunan jaringan, negosiasi bisnis, layanan intelijen, dan mekanisme penyelesaian masalah.
Economic diplomacy, using relations and influence to improve international trade and investment, covers a wide range of international representatives, domestic institutions, as well as bilateral ...diplomatic activities. Economic regionalism is the result of dynamic economic diplomatic interactions that can take shape in the form of a regional organization. The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is the only major regional organization to which Iran is a founding member, and sometimes manifests three specific features of the 11th government's foreign policy: developmentalism, regionalism, and internationalism. Now the question arises that what are the factors affecting the inefficiency of Iran's economic diplomacy in the ECO organization in advancing the economic regionalism policy of the 11th government? The main hypothesis is that in spite of the great potential in ECO, intra-structural problems, parallel work and overlapping of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with other institutions have been the cause of inefficiency and inability of this ministry to advance the policy of economic regionalism of the 11th government. The data of this article have been obtained by documentary-archival method and estimated using Eviews software. The analysis of the results obtained by interviewing Iranian diplomatic elites has been analyzed and explained.
Economic diplomacy and redundancy strategies Amin Azadbakht; Mohammad ali Motallbi Karekendi; Yavar Dashtbany
Muṭālaʻāt-i mudīrīyat- rāhburdī,
06/2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
54
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction: In today's world, the field of international relations is very important and economic diplomacy consider an important tool for the economic growth and development of countries at the ...international level. Economic diplomacy involves accessing international markets, attracting foreign investments, and influencing global laws to achieve national benefits. Iran located in a region that is very important from a geopolitical point of view and also has privileged geographical, human and natural resources that can take advantage of these strengths and in addition to use the opportunities in neighboring countries and removing weaknesses and avoiding threats to achieve a suitable economic position in the region and the world. The commonalities between countries may expand the relations between them.Iraq, as a border country, has common cultural and religious points, in line with the developments in the region with the Islamic Republic of Iran, has much in common and therefore must have very strong relations with Iran. Methodology: The SWOT method uses to study the literature of the subject, including theoretical and experimental literature, analysis of raw data available from valid internal and external sources. The interviewe is anther tool for gathering data from officials in the subject under discussion. First identified internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) strategic points and considered its most important points as strategic points and in the next step to complete the required data, distributed the questionnaire among the experts. The data obtained led to the extraction of the conceptual research pattern. Then, while explaining the research method, the information analyzed. Results and Discussion: The effective and active cooperation between the two countries of Iran and Iraq for stability in the region and the development of economic and trade relations with the benefits of the two nations brings a better economic situation for both countries. In addition, the economic capacities of the two countries can serve the benefits of both nations. The two countries can take useful and effective steps to secure the interests of their nations and other nations of the region by strengthening the level of cooperation and coordination. Due to the unintended military in Iraq since 2005 and Iranian support to this country, the level of trust and security defense relations between the two countries established. Despite these good relations, especially after the collapse of the Ba'athist regime and the establishment of a people's government in Iraq, Iran has not yet made good use of Iraq's trade potential, which is a relatively high-financed country, and still has a high capacity to exploit. Considering that the developments in Iraq are effective on the interactions between the two countries, in order to achieve long-term economic opportunities in Iraq, our country needs to develop appropriate and effective strategies and policies in different parts of this country. In this regard, this study conducted with the aim of examining the economic relations and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq and providing appropriate solutions for the effectiveness of these relations. In this research, in order to choose a suitable strategy, the SWOT method used for data analysis. In this method, for Iraq, there will be two environments, an environment in which Iran is influential called the internal environment, and an environment in which Iran is subject to Iraq and cannot be influential is the external environment. Conclusion: The results showed that by analyzing the data using internal and external evaluation matrices, a score of 2/741 and 2/6 of the ceiling score of 4 can be assigned to the internal and external performance of Iran-Iraq economic relations. According to the Swat method, because they are more than 2.5, they show a good general condition; but it is not a high score and testifies to the fact that there is a potential capacity to improve economic relations between the two countries. Following the research, by forming and analyzing the Swot matrix, 12 strategies were developed to promote relations and interests between the two countries, which include 6 offensive strategies, 2 conservative strategies, 1 competitive strategy and 3 defensive strategies. Entry and analysis of these strategies with a quantitative strategic planning matrix, showed that of these strategies, 4 very good strategies, 3 good strategies, 4 medium strategies and an unacceptable strategy, and finally to make suggestions for the implementation of each of the above strategies took.
Expropriation risk has a binding effect on foreign direct investment (FDI). However, state-owned multinational corporations may counter the monopoly power of the host state by leveraging the ...political influence of their home government. The magnitude of this counter force, we argue, may vary, depending on the strength of political relations between the home and host state, and the level of economic dependence of the host country on the home market. We find supporting evidence of our hypotheses using Chinese firm-level FDI information between 2003 and 2010.
The international diplomatic environment has reached to an unprecedented development, involving one of the newly specialized diplomatic types, namely the economic diplomacy. At the core of the fast ...movements in the diplomatic spheres across the Globe are the international agreements like the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) that determined diplomacy to dissolve into new subtypes, evolving from ground to the ocean and implementing new ways of achieving economic and climate sustainability. One of the newly created diplomatic spheres, is the blue ocean diplomacy that acts mainly in accordance with the rules and regulations that are being applied to the transatlantic economy. Even though TTIP encourages the increase of trade flows across the Atlantic, it will also ease the foreign investment procedures that, under the approach of keeping a sustainable environment, will represent one of the most important initiatives in implementing the blue economy concept within the framework of the transatlantic diplomacy.
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