Humanizing the economy Blazevic, Branko
UTMS journal of economics,
06/2019, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The arguments that the economy gives us through its great imbalances, crises and wild cycles result in the dehumanization of the society and the human. This paper deals with counter-measures, i.e. ...with the analysis of the reasons that are in favour of the humanization of the economy, from which follows the humanization of the society and the human. The research is based on numerous secondary sources and the author's reflection that starts from scientific methods of analysis, especially from systems theory and systematic analysis. Solely with the engaged knowledge and understanding of very complex processes and relations in the economy, as well as in other social, humanistic and technical sciences, and with much greater role of science and education in the society (in Croatian society as well), with a devoted engagement of large university potentials in the defence of humanization and integral knowledge, (in Croatia as well) there is a chance for a new large and qualitative step forward. The division of work in science that does not recognize a systemic holistic-ecological science paradigm and does not recognize the scientific methodology of systems theory, results in not having the definition of a subtle boundary, if there is any at all, between social sciences, all of which only blurs the scientific truth even more. Knowledge and understanding in all areas, fields and branches happens right at the universities. This paper pleads for greater involvement of universities, which are most responsible for the scientific truth. Therefore, universities simply have to become the defenders of a humane world.
Ellsberg games Riedel, Frank; Sass, Linda
Theory and decision,
04/2014, Letnik:
76, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the standard formulation of game theory, agents use mixed strategies in the form of objective and probabilistically precise devices to conceal their actions. We introduce the larger set of ...probabilistically imprecise devices and study the consequences for the basic results on normal form games. While Nash equilibria remain equilibria in the extended game, there arise new
Ellsberg equilibria
with distinct outcomes, as we illustrate by negotiation games with three players. We characterize Ellsberg equilibria in two-person conflict and coordination games. These equilibria turn out to be related to experimental deviations from Nash equilibrium play.
The goal of the Human Development and Capability Association is to improve the quality of work within the "Human Development" paradigm and to commend it to the attention of the world. They hope to ...bridge a series of troublesome gulfs. First are multiple disciplinary gulfs: they include economists, philosophers, political scientists, education theorists, psychologists, and many others, hoping to put them in productive conversation with one another. Second are national and regional gulfs: they focus heavily on attracting members from developing countries and putting people from Europe and North America into conversation with scholars they otherwise would nor have met. Third are age gulfs: most of its members are quite young, and one of their major purposes is to help young people move into this area by providing intellectual support at the dissertation or early career stage. Finally, they aim to bridge the gulf between theory and practice: they have always involved politicians, development practitioners, and others in a position to implement their ideas. Here, Nusssbaum talks about the challenges they encountered in starting the Human Development and Capability Association.
In this paper, we present a contest success function (CSF), which is homogeneous of degree zero and in which the probability of winning the prize depends on the relative difference of efforts. In a ...simultaneous game with two players, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium. This equilibrium is unique and interior. This condition does not depend on the size of the valuations as in an absolute difference CSF. We prove that several properties of Nash equilibrium with the Tullock CSF still hold in our framework. Finally, we consider the case of
n
players, generalize the previous condition and show that this condition is sufficient for the existence of a unique interior Nash equilibrium in pure strategies. For some parameter values of our CSF and when all players are identical, equilibrium entails full rent dissipation for any number of players.
The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the processes of emergence, transition, and continuity in global economic geography for one rural, and relatively remote, region in northeastern British ...Columbia (BC), Canada. Guided by a theoretical framework comprised of staples theory, evolutionary economic geography, and institutionalism, we reflect back on the path of the resource sector and identify recent trends that are fundamentally reshaping the economic geography of the region and province. Many of these changes are similar, albeit guided by new technical and managerial processes, to historical patterns of resource exploitation that defined the provincial and Canadian economy. Issues of dependence, vulnerability, and truncated regional development would resonate with readers in the 1970s. Other issues, like the geographic orientation of capital and the scale and rapidity of resource fluctuations bring new challenges to local and provincial actors seeking to mitigate impacts and retain a greater share of benefits from resource developments. The reflective synergy between emergence, transition, and continuity seen in the case study is also noted in the theoretical framework as evolutionary economic geography and institutionalism not only link to one another but also help to inform some of the ideas at the core of staples theory. The paper contributes to an international discourse that is seeking to document and compare cases associated with the new rural regional economies emerging out of the rapid and far-reaching transformations of the global economy.
Abstract Background While more than 50% of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, less than 10% quit permanently. Evidence from studies of adolescent smoking and other substances of abuse ...suggest that alternative reinforcers, a construct of Behavioral Economic Theory, may contribute to the likelihood of smoking cessation in adults. This study examined the behavioral economics of smoking cessation within a smoking cessation clinical trial and evaluated how depressive symptoms and behavioral economic variables are associated with smoking cessation. Methods A sample of 469 smokers, enrolled in an effectiveness trial that provided counseling and 8 weeks of 21 mg nicotine patches, was analyzed. Alternative reinforcers (substitute and complementary reinforcers) and depressive symptoms were examined in relation to 7-day point prevalence abstinence, verified with breath carbon monoxide, 8 weeks after the quit date. Results Controlling for covariates associated with cessation (nicotine dependence, age of smoking initiation, patch adherence), participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed significantly higher substitute reinforcers at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking ( p 's < .05). Participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed lower complementary reinforcers and depressive symptoms at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking, but significant differences were confined to week 8 ( p 's < .01). There was no significant interaction between alternative reinforcers and depressive symptoms across the 8 weeks on week 8 abstinence. Conclusions These results support continued examination of Behavioral Economic Theory in understanding adult smoking cessation in order to inform future treatments and guidelines.
Based on the Industrial Economics theory, this study aimed to analyze the soybean processing industry structure, corporate conduct and performance in Brazil. Considering the relevant market of ...soybean processing industry, it was analyzed the concentration index of soybean processors with sales and strategies determinants of the plants location of major companies that process soybean (Bunge, Cargill, ADM and Louis Dreyfus), analyzing changes from 1990 to 2010. To analyze the sector performance in Brazil, matrix correlation and multiple regression method of weighted least squares statistical analyses were used. Overall, in Brazil, there is still an increase trend in the number of soybeans processing plants. However, in 2010, the number of non-operating plants was higher, showing that not all processors are fully using resources. It was found that the concentration of soybean processors is not limiting the performance of the sector, but the costs have not been fully transferred by soybean producers to prices. Adapted from the source document.
This article provides an overview and critical analysis of theories on economic development in rural regions in advanced countries. For this purpose, we have consulted literature in regional ...economics and the multidisciplinary field of rural studies. In order to analyse to which extent these theories are supported by empirical evidence, we have applied the method of pattern-matching to 18 case studies in leading and lagging rural regions in the EU. The matching results show that the mixed exogenous/endogenous development approach, the community-led development theory and the first hypothesis of Bryden's theory on the exploitation of social and cultural capital are widely supported by empirical evidence from the case studies. Broadly speaking, these theories relate economic development—given the availability of labour and capital—to a high capacity of local actors and strong internal and external networks.
Community-supported fisheries (CSF) projects show signs of rapid growth. Modeled on community-supported agriculture (CSA) projects, CSFs share objectives of reducing social and physical distance ...between consumers and producers and re-embedding food systems in social and environmental contexts. This article offers a comparison of CSF and CSA, situated in the differences between seafood and agricultural products, and fishing and farming. We draw on economic and resource theory, past research on CSA, and a member survey from a case study CSF. Survey results show CSF members are interested in accessing high-quality, fresh, local seafood, and in supporting fishing communities, and they believe that participating in a CSF achieves both. They are less certain that a CSF can address environmental concerns, and few identify environmental motives as their primary reason for participating. The latter contrasts with CSA research results, and we contextualize these findings in our broader comparison.
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