The purpose of the article/hypothesis: In recent years, there has been a noticeable and dynamic development of micromobile equipment intended for the transport of people. These types of vehicles are ...known as personal transport equipment (PTE). Like any road vehicle, PTE can also cause numerous accidents and collisions. A natural consequence of damage related to the use of PTE is posing the question about securing the interests of the aggrieved parties. Considering the above, the aim of this paper is to present the role of civil liability insurance for users of personal transport equipment in the context of claims related to the use of this type of vehicles and to provide a brief description of insurance products available on the market. The paper presents the following thesis: although the regulations do not oblige PTE users to have a civil liability insurance policy, a wide catalogue of adverse events related to the PTE use requires the popularisation of insurance protection for users of this type of vehicles. Such insurance protection should cover: equipment users, renters, sellers, and operators, as well as households. Methodology: The paper is theoretical and analytical in its nature. In addition to the review of the available literature, the existing offer of voluntary insurance for PTE users is also analysed. Results of the research: Insurance addressed to users of personal transport equipment is a relatively new product on the market and still few insurance companies have it in their offer. PTE users can utilise their civil liability insurance often being part of their home insurance in their private life, which offers protection in the event of damage to third parties. One of the solutions leading to the dissemination of insurance protection could be a proposal of insurance tailored to the type of risk and short-term use associated with this kind of equipment (e.g. travel-type insurance).
This paper aims to determine the effects of the transition on mutual trade between the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The research will be based on a qualitative and descriptive analysis of ...representative databases of the six countries mentioned for the time period after the disintegration of the SFRY. Economic reforms and the trade liberalisation process started even within the SFRY, but the reforms did not yield the desired results. After the disintegration of the SFRY, all countries independently defined the transition process and chose the path of European integration. In the first phase of the transition, all countries experienced recession and hyperinflation and a high foreign trade deficit due to trade liberalisation. The second phase was characterised by regulatory reform and institution building, but this process did not proceed at the same speed in all countries. After 2000, Slovenia was the only one with a higher export level as a percentage of GDP compared to imports (68.2%), and the other countries lagged significantly behind. When Slovenia and Croatia became EU members, they increased their foreign trade exchange with the EU. Other countries of the former Yugoslavia developed their mutual trade, primarily due to the CEFTA Agreement. By signing the agreement, all countries achieved export growth as a percentage of GDP, and the highest values of this indicator were recorded in North Macedonia (49.6%) and Serbia (40.8%). Within the CEFTA group, Serbia is the largest exporter and importer by value (its most important partner is Bosnia and Herzegovina). If we consider all the countries of the former SFRY, the largest exporter and importer is Slovenia, and its largest foreign trade partner is Croatia.
This research aims to assess the most significant and potentially lasting effects of the Ukrainian crisis on the structure, volume, and directions of Western Balkans international trade. The analysis ...refers only to trade with Russia and the European Union (EU) as the only trade directions sensitive to disruptions due to the Ukrainian crisis. The research questions are: 1. What are the effects of the Ukrainian crisis on the trade of the Western Balkan (WB) countries with Russia? and 2. Which industries in the WB are at risk of weakening, and which have a chance to develop and increase exports due to disturbances in the EU economies? To prove the hypotheses, an analysis of statistical data on changes in trade in key commodities (index of change) in the most important export products for each WB country was used, as well as an analysis of static data on energy prices, producer prices in the EU, and other data. The results showed that the trade of all WBs except Serbia with Russia declined during 2022. This is a long-term problem for the trade of only a few economic sectors, such as the export of pharmaceutical products from Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H), stone from Montenegro, and wheat from Albania. In contrast, trade with the EU is changing significantly, as this crucial partner is undergoing a process of accelerated deindustrialisation. The effects of these changes are mixed. Smaller advantages for Serbia, B&H, and North Macedonia in a few sectors may arise from taking over abandoned production in the EU. Whether or not the EU industry’s decline continues at its current rate, these minor advantages may be permanent. But if the shutdown of production extends to the higher industrial sectors, this will directly affect a considerable part of the industrial exports of the WB countries, especially Serbia.
Research into the profitability dynamics of the banking sector is continuously current, significant, and complex. Bearing that in mind, this paper measures and analyzes the profitability dynamics of ...the banking sector in Serbia using FLMAW MARCOS methods. The empirical results obtained by applying the given methodology show that the five best years of achieved profitability in the banking sector in Serbia in the period 2008 - 2022 are in order: 2018, 2017, 2008, 2019 and 2022. The worst profitability was achieved in 2013. Recently, the profitability of the banking sector in Serbia has improved. It was influenced by the economic climate, management of human resources, assets, capital, sales of banking products, costs, and profits. The digitalization of the entire business plays a significant role in this. The impact of the Covid-19 corona virus pandemic, as well as the global energy crisis, is significant. In order to improve the profitability of the banking sector in Serbia, it is necessary to manage human resources, assets, capital, sales, costs and profits as efficiently as possible and adapt to changes in the economic climate.
The goal of this research is to consider the influences of foreign direct investment and banking sector depth on economic growth, by analysing these factors in six Central and Eastern European ...countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania) in the period between 2000 and 2018. Cointegration among the variables was confirmed using the Westerlund panel cointegration test. The outcomes of the panel autoregressive distributed lag model confirmed the positive influence of foreign direct investment and the negative impact of the banking sector depth on the economic growth in the observed countries. The results of the short-term analysis revealed the insignificant influence of the banking sector depth and the notable positive influence of foreign direct investment on economic growth.
At the end of the twentieth century, a qualitatively new concept of regional development policies appeared, and was affirmed, in many world economies. In short, at its center, there is the imperative ...to improve the region's competitiveness. The focus of new regional development policies is on initiatives that favor networking, the development of cooperative relationships, and the growth of confidence in regional economic actors. In these circumstances, people's readiness for new business ideas and organizational solutions have become far more important drivers of regional development than the number of businesses located in the region. The new concept of regional development policy is predominantly based on the postulates of endogenous growth theory. The imperative to improve the region's competitiveness is at its epicenter. Starting from such prominent theoretical explanations, our own composite index was constructed by analyzing the achieved level of development of individual regions of the Republic of Serbia in 2008 and 2018. The analysis showed that all regions in Serbia have development potentials, but that they manage to increase their level of development to a different extent, both in relation to the previous period and in relation to other regions in the country.
