To grit or not to grit, that is the question Vazsonyi, Alexander T.; Ksinan, Albert J.; Ksinan Jiskrova, Gabriela ...
Journal of research in personality,
February 2019, 2019-02-00, Letnik:
78
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•Tested measurement of and the validity of grit, vis-à-vis self-control.•Lifecourse sample, from young adulthood to 55+.•Grit and self-control largely indistinguishable in predicting long-term goals.
...The current study tested the validity of grit as a non-cognitive construct related to, yet distinct from self-control. Data were collected from N = 1907 adults spanning the life-course (53.1% female, M age = 41.4 years). Associations between grit and present and past goals were very similar to ones observed with self-control. Extensive model tests using structural equation modeling provided evidence of substantial overlap between these two constructs, calling into question the conceptual and empirical distinctiveness of grit vis-à-vis self-control, as well as the importance of grit as a unique and independent characteristic salient for the pursuit and achievement of long-term goals. This finding was consistent and invariant across adult developmental periods. Study implications for grit-investment are discussed.
Recently, education has been criticized for focusing too narrowly on student development in terms of cognitive performance as measured by standardized tests. Consequently, teachers are increasingly ...expected to contribute to student development in ways that transcend the acquisition of knowledge and skills. To support teachers in this process it is important to gain insight into the goal that underlie their teaching practices. In this explorative study, the goal system laddering method was applied with six teachers to gain insights in their teaching activities and their underlying goals. The findings illustrate how teachers’ teaching activities and the goals underlying those activities can be interpreted in relation to curriculum orientations.
•Scholars have criticized the utilitarian focus in educational policies and practices.•Consequently, teachers are expected to contribute to broader development of students.•This may require a change of teaching goals and practices of teachers.•This demands thorough reflection of current practices and underlying goals.•Goal systems and curriculum orientations can be used to facilitate such reflections.
The present study examines antecedents of university students' academic emotions (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002) in the context of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000), using ...real-time assessment and intra-individual analyses. We investigated whether daily autonomous and controlled-motivated educational goals predicted students' academic emotions. University students (N = 55) completed smartphone diaries over 14 consecutive days. The two-week intensive longitudinal data were organized in a hierarchical three-level structure, with situations (Level 1) nested within days (Level 2) nested within students (Level 3). Students' goal motivation was assessed in morning questionnaires, and academic emotions in three daytime questionnaires. The results of the multilevel structural equation models showed that setting self-determined autonomous educational goals predicted positive emotions, whereas controlled motivation predicted negative emotions in everyday academic situations, applying both to within-person processes and between-person differences. Both kinds of goal motivation, autonomous and controlled, were associated with determination in students’ daily lives.
•University students' academic emotions are more situation driven than day dependent.•Daily educational goals predict these emotions both within and between individuals.•Autonomously motivated goals are associated with positive emotional experiences.•Controlled motivation is associated with more negative emotional experiences.•Both autonomous and controlled motivation are related to feeling of determination.
Background & Objective: Pharmacology is an important educational course in nursing education; however, the conventional curricula have not provided students with sufficient opportunities to improve ...their pharmacology knowledge and skills. This study aimed to determine the effect of blended learning on the learning level of nursing students and the educational environment in pharmacology clerkship. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 undergraduate nursing students supposed to enroll in the pharmacology clerkship course in 2021 at the Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. All students participated in eight educational sessions using blended learning (electronic and conventional education). A self-assessment questionnaire was used at the beginning and end of the clerkship course to assess familiarity with the educational goals. The formative assessment score and final “Objective Structured Clinical Examination” (OSCE) score were used to assess the students’ learning level. At the end of the course, the educational environment of the clerkship was evaluated using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) instrument. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t-test, as well as Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean score of achieving educational goals before and after the intervention (P>0.001, t=6.36). The mean of formative assessment and end-of-course OSCE scores were 83.66±7.51 and 83.26±7.09, respectively (out of 100). The mean score of the educational environment of the pharmacology clerkship was also reported as 98.5±18.86 (out of 170). Conclusion: The results showed that blended learning led to a desirable level of achieving the educational goals and environment during the pharmacology clerkship. It is suggested to use blended learning along with the clinical educational goals to improve the students learning.
The development of hand-carried, battery-powered ultrasound devices has created a new practice in ultrasound diagnostic imaging, called 'point-of-care' ultrasound (POCUS). Capitalising on device ...portability, POCUS is marked by brief and limited ultrasound imaging performed by the physician at the bedside to increase diagnostic accuracy and expediency. The natural evolution of POCUS techniques in general medicine, particularly with pocket-sized devices, may be in the development of a basic ultrasound examination similar to the use of the binaural stethoscope. This paper will specifically review how POCUS improves the limited sensitivity of the current practice of traditional cardiac physical examination by both cardiologists and non-cardiologists. Signs of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, lung congestion and elevated central venous pressures are often missed by physical techniques but can be easily detected by POCUS and have prognostic and treatment implications. Creating a general set of repetitive imaging skills for these entities for application on all patients during routine examination will standardise and reduce heterogeneity in cardiac bedside ultrasound applications, simplify teaching curricula, enhance learning and recollection, and unify competency thresholds and practice. The addition of POCUS to standard physical examination techniques in cardiovascular medicine will result in an ultrasound-augmented cardiac physical examination that reaffirms the value of bedside diagnosis.
This study explored the challenges and opportunities faced by schools in utilising the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) to achieve educational goals in South Africa. The NSNP was ...established in post-apartheid South Africa as a poverty alleviation and educational democratisation measure to improve educational access, attendance, and participation outcomes of learners from poor socio-economic backgrounds. The thesis of this paper was informed by Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs to explain how food is a basic need for learners to ascend to the level of learning aspirations. The study adopted a phenomenological paradigm and a qualitative research approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select 2 secondary school principals, 8 teachers responsible for NSNP and 10 learners who were beneficiaries of the NSNP within a rural community setting. The study used face-to-face and focus group interviews and observations for data collection. Data was analysed and interpreted thematically. The study revealed that challenges such as poor hygienic conditions, poor quality and poor nutrition value of the menu, and consumption of teaching and learning time compromised the quality of NSNP provision in schools. However, despite these challenges, schools in rural communities use the NSNP for school attendance. Keywords: National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP), South Africa, Educational Goals, Maslow’s Theory, Socio-economic Development
Ainley explains how English education is now driven by the economy and politics, having failed to deliver upward social mobility and a brighter future. Concludes with suggestions for positive change.
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