It is not well known that The Ego and the Id, where Freud presented his second model of the mind, and introduced a new role for the Ego, was ignored by many of the major theorists that followed. I ...will attempt to demonstrate the importance of this new view of the ego for clinical psychoanalysis, and what has been lost by its being ignored.
Inhibition is a major form of self-regulation. As such, it depends on self-awareness and comparing oneself to standards and is also susceptible to fluctuations in willpower resources. Ego depletion ...is the state of reduced willpower caused by prior exertion of self-control. Ego depletion undermines inhibition both because restraints are weaker and because urges are felt more intensely than usual. Conscious inhibition of desires is a pervasive feature of everyday life and may be a requirement of life in civilized, cultural society, and in that sense it goes to the evolved core of human nature. Intentional inhibition not only restrains antisocial impulses but can also facilitate optimal performance, such as during test taking. Self-regulation and ego depletion— may also affect less intentional forms of inhibition, even chronic tendencies to inhibit. Broadly stated, inhibition is necessary for human social life and nearly all societies encourage and enforce it.
•Inhibition is crucial for human social life. Both automatic and intentional forms are common.•Self-regulation depends on limited energy. Depleted willpower fosters disinhibited behavior.•Inhibition can facilitate performance, such as among test anxious students.•Desires feel stronger when willpower is depleted, suggesting that chronic inhibition is weakened.•Despite challenges and updates, the limited energy model of self-regulation remains the best fit.
Lack of sleep and unethical conduct Barnes, Christopher M.; Schaubroeck, John; Huth, Megan ...
Organizational behavior and human decision processes,
07/2011, Letnik:
115, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We draw from the Ego Depletion model and research on sleep physiology to predict a relationship between lack of sleep and individuals’ unethical behavior. Laboratory studies showed that sleep ...quantity is positively related to self-control resources and negative associated with unethical behavior. In a cross-sectional field study examining unethical behavior in a variety of work settings, low levels of sleep, and low perceived quality of sleep, were both positively related to unethical behavior as rated by the supervisor, and cognitive fatigue mediated the influence of sleep quantity. In an experience sampling field study, we found similar effects within-individuals. We discuss the role of lost sleep in better understanding unethical behavior in organizations.
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task ...found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the antecedents of recombinant innovation from the perspective of ego–network dynamics, and further disentangle whether ego–network stability or ego–network ...expansion is more conducive to recombinant innovation under heterogeneous knowledge base. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses 1,801 patent data in China’s biotechnology field as a sample and adopts fixed effects regression model to examine the effects of ego–network dynamics on recombinant innovation and further uses the Wald tests to discern which ego–network dynamic is more conducive to recombinant innovation under heterogeneous knowledge base. Findings The empirical results indicate that ego–network dynamics have a positive impact on recombinant innovation. Specifically, for firms with high knowledge breadth and high knowledge depth as well as high knowledge breadth and low knowledge depth, ego–network stability is more conducive to recombinant innovation. By contrast, for firms with low knowledge breadth and high knowledge depth, recombinant innovation benefits more from ego–network expansion. As for firms with low knowledge breadth and low knowledge depth, both ego–network stability and ego–network expansion can promote recombinant innovation, while the effects are not significant. Practical implications This research may enlighten managers to choose suitable ego–network dynamics strategies for recombinant innovation based on their knowledge base. Originality/value This research not only contributes to the literature on recombinant innovation by revealing the impact of different ego–network dynamics on recombinant innovation but also contributes to network dynamics theory by exploring whether ego–network stability or ego–network expansion is more conducive to recombinant innovation under a heterogeneous knowledge base.
One way that employees contribute to organizational effectiveness is by expressing voice. They may offer suggestions for how to improve the organization (promotive voice behavior), or express ...concerns to prevent harmful events from occurring (prohibitive voice behavior). Although promotive and prohibitive voices are thought to be distinct types of behavior, very little is known about their unique antecedents and consequences. In this study we draw on regulatory focus and ego depletion theories to derive a theoretical model that outlines a dynamic process of the antecedents and consequences of voice behavior. Results from 2 multiwave field studies revealed that promotion and prevention foci have unique ties to promotive and prohibitive voice, respectively. Promotive and prohibitive voice, in turn, were associated with decreases and increases, respectively, in depletion. Consistent with the dynamic nature of self-control, depletion was associated with reductions in employees' subsequent voice behavior, regardless of the type of voice (promotive or prohibitive). Results were consistent across 2 studies and remained even after controlling for other established antecedents of voice and alternative mediating mechanisms beside depletion.
Reviews the book, Toward a Unified Psychoanalytic Theory: Foundation in a Revised and Expanded Ego Psychology by Morris Eagle (2021). This book lays out the basis for Eagle's convictions that “an ...expanded and revitalized ego psychology constitutes the strongest foundation for the development of a general psychoanalytic theory of mind,” and that such a project is “capable of integrating the perspectives of different psychoanalytic schools” and “needs to integrate findings from nonpsychoanalytic sources.” In addition to slaking our intellectual thirst for a convincing overview of psychoanalytic theory and practice, the reviewer concludes that Eagle is offering us a way to save the field from its current slow death on the trash heap of discarded 20th century enthusiasms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Objective
Theoretical conceptions of narcissism have long been characterized by two seemingly opposing poles: grandiosity and vulnerability. The goal of the current study was to investigate the ...extent to which traits associated with one profile are perceived to co‐occur with the other within an individual.
Method
Lay raters (N = 862; 56% female; 80% Caucasian; Mage = 37) recruited from Amazon's MTurk were assigned to one of four conditions in which they rated how often a series of narcissistic traits were displayed by a prototypical grandiose narcissist, a vulnerable narcissist, a close friend, or themselves. Vulnerable narcissism items were specifically worded to assess internalizing‐ versus externalizing‐based emotional responses.
Results
Results suggest that grandiosely narcissistic individuals are seen as responding angrily to ego‐threatening situations, whereas vulnerably narcissistic individuals are seen as responding with a broader array of negative emotions, including anger, sadness, and shame. In contrast, vulnerably narcissistic individuals were not rated as consistently demonstrating behaviors, attitudes, or cognitions associated with grandiose narcissism.
Conclusions
Grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic individuals both exhibit anger in response to ego threat, but sadness/shame responses are more characteristic of vulnerable narcissism.
Management is the process of accomplishing the activities efficiently and effectively with the help of human capital. The manpower in any sector is made to sail through a saga of productivity and ...profitability under the efficient captainship of the managers. This research paper gives insight into the implications of transactional analysis and ego states of the managers rendering the services in the companies of the IT sector in the Coastal Karnataka. To accomplish the objectives of the study, Transactional Style Inventory-Manager (TSI-M) is administered to the respondents, and scoring is done considering the Operating Effectiveness Quotient (OEQ). The research paper highlights that the demographic variables have a major influence on the interpersonal skills of the managers. It is found out that various ego states are predominant among managers, and the lowest state is the creative child ego state. The research concludes that by conducting transactional analysis-based leadership training, the productivity of employees can be enhanced in the future.
Due to the negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, it is necessary to study the factors that improve mental health. In this study, we evaluated changing income, ...self-restraint, fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and ego-resiliency, to investigate the main and moderating effects of ego-resiliency on psychological distress. We analyzed 222 Japanese samples from the dataset of Primary Survey in Japan (PSJ) in the Resilience to COVid-19 in Each Region (RE-COVER) project. The results showed significant main effects of ego-resiliency on depression and stress, and a significant interaction effect of self-restraint and ego-resiliency on depression. We also tested the significance of the moderating effect of ego-resiliency on the relationship between self-restraint and depression. The simple slope of ego-resiliency was only significant for individuals with high self-restraint. Our findings provide empirical evidence on mental health associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among the Japanese population, proving that ego-resiliency functioned to cope with the specific stresses associated with COVID-19.
•Ego-resiliency mediates the effects of COVID-19-related stress.•Ego-resiliency had a negative association with depression and stress.•Ego-resiliency showed a moderating effect on mental health through self-restraint.
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