Purpose/Significance The number of citations received by patents is an important indicator to measure the influence of patents. Since the citation potential of patents varies greatly by disciplines ...and publication years, the number of citations received by patents needs to be normalized before cross-disciplinary comparison and cross-year comparison. Method/Process Based on ego patent citation network, we constructed a new method, NPCN, to normalize patent citations. Besides, we took patents granted from 2005 to 2010 of 3D printing indexed in Dimensions to verify the effective of NPCN. Specially, we divided these patents into different disciplines with Fields of Research (FoR) and compared the distribution of patent citations and NPCN of patents in different disciplines and publication years. Besides, we also selected the mean method、reference patents method、Z-score method and NPCN methods and compared them with each other in correlation with patent citations. Results/Conclusions Patents of 3D printing a
This text examines human sexuality through psychoanalytic theory and modern ego psychology, which looks at emotional meaning and its organization in symbolic representations of affect as organized by ...the ego. It starts with an exploration of how symbolic representations are applied to the sensory experience of the body in human sexuality, both in reality and in fantasy. Next, the author delves into the phenomenon of romance as an important self-state in human growth and development. The book concludes with an examination of fetishes and fetish enactments, followed by a discussion of relevant treatments. With its original and fulsome insights into the workings of human sexuality, this book will prove vital for psychoanalysts and psychotherapists in training and in practice, as well as all those seeking to understand human sexual experiences in greater depth.
•The addition of oxidation expandable graphite reduced the supercooling of PCM.•Oxidation expandable graphite improved the heat transfer of PCM.•Thermal cycling stability of PCM due to special ...structure of oxidation expandable graphite and viscosity of SDBS.
Calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O) composites PCMs containing strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) and oxidation expandable graphite (EGO) were prepared and phase change behavior of CaCl2·6H2O/EGO/SrCl2·6H2O composite PCMs, including supercooling degree, phase change temperature, latent heat, density, thermal conductivity and thermal stability were systematically studied. Results demonstrate that thermal conductivity, heat transfer and the latent capacities of the CaCl2·6H2O/SrCl2·6H2O/EGO composite PCMs are significantly enhanced, supercooling of CaCl2·6H2O/SrCl2·6H2O/EGO composite PCMs are suppressed, mainly ascribe to that the EGO are homogenously dispersed in PCMs due to the existence of oxygen-containing functional groups in EGO, meanwhile, the well-dispersed EGO serving as nuclei to promote the heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization process of CaCl2·6H2O. Moreover, a fifty-run-cycling test verifies that the CaCl2·6H2O/SrCl2·6H2O/EGO composites PCMs contained with 3wt% SrCl2·6H2O, and 1.0wt% EGO possesses enhanced thermal behavior with no phase segregation observed; the latent heat was calculated to be 172.26J/g.
We draw from ego depletion and leader-member exchange (i.e., LMX) theories to provide nuanced insight into why abusive supervision is indirectly associated with supervisor-directed destructive voice. ...A multi-wave, multi-source field study (n = 219) demonstrates evidence that abusive supervision has a positive conditional indirect effect on supervisor-directed destructive voice through subordinates' relational ego depletion with their supervisors that is stronger for higher LMX differentiation contexts than lower LMX differentiation contexts. We make novel theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions by providing a parsimonious explanation for why relational aspects of supervisory treatment (i.e., abusive supervision and LMX differentiation) drain subordinates' capacities for controlling their volitional actions during interactions with their supervisors (i.e., relational ego depletion) and how this relationship impacts subordinates' supervisor-directed destructive voice. Overall, our study extends the application of ego depletion and LMX theories to the examination of abusive supervision and destructive voice in order to meaningfully inform researchers' attempts to build cohesive streams of research in these areas and practitioners' attempts to promote ethical workplace environments.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ego-resiliency and the intensity of health behaviors among Polish health sciences students.
The study involved 483 students from ...health-related faculties in southern Poland, consisting of 314 women (63.7%) and 179 men (36.3%). The average age of the participants was 21.7 ± 2.5 years. To assess resiliency (ER), the Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12) by Block and Kremen was used in its Polish adaptation. The intensity of health behaviors was examined using the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) developed by Z. Juczyński.
The results revealed a positive correlation between the intensity of health behaviors and ER (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), both for the general factor and its categories (positive mental attitude, proper eating habits, preventive actions, and prohealth activities). Students with a high level of health behaviors exhibited significantly higher ER (M = 38.95, SD = 5.15) compared to those with average (M = 35.93, SD = 5.03) and low (M = 32.97, SD = 5.12) HBI levels. Among the HBI categories, Positive Mental Attitude showed the strongest correlation with both general ER and its factors: optimal regulation (OR) and openness to life experiences (OL). Furthermore, the correlation was found to be stronger with the OR and weaker with OL.
Higher ER in students is correlated with a greater frequency of health behaviors. Nurturing the development of ER may contribute to the maintenance of prohealth practices despite life difficulties and temporary loss of motivation. This, in turn, promotes the regularity of health behaviors, which is crucial for their positive impact on overall health.
In this study, we examined how leaders' customer interactions influence their tendency to abuse their followers. Specifically, we drew from ego-depletion theory to suggest that surface acting during ...customer interactions depletes leaders of their self-control resources, resulting in elevated levels of abusive supervision. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the effect of surface acting on abusive supervision is moderated by leaders' trait self-control, such that leaders with high trait self-control will be less affected by the depleting effects of surface acting than their peers. Results from a multiwave, multisource leader-follower dyad study in the service and sales industries provided support for our hypotheses. This research contributes to several literatures, particularly to an emerging area of study-the antecedents of leaders' abusive behaviors.
This article is about the adaptive function of dreams. It applies Hartmann's descriptions of autonomous ego functions, especially the synthetic function of the ego, to the dream's use of reality and ...to the use of dreams for adaptation; to reality and to neurotic conflict. This paper poses a specific synthetic function of the ego to be called the waking work in which the dream is applied upon awakening to problems of adaptation, growth and development.
What effects do motivation and beliefs have on self-control? We tested this question using a limited resource paradigm, which generally has found that people show poor self-control after prior ...exertions of self-control. Recent findings have suggested that motivation and even belief in unlimited willpower can render persons immune to ego depletion. We replicated those findings, but also showed they are limited to cases of mild depletion. When depletion is extensive, the effects of motivation and subjective belief vanished and in one case reversed. After performing only one self-control task, the typical pattern of self-regulation impairment was ameliorated among people who were encouraged to regard willpower as unlimited (Experiment 1) or motivated by task importance (Experiment 2). Those manipulations failed to improve performance among severely depleted persons who had done multiple self-control tasks. These findings integrate ideas of limited resources, motivation, and beliefs in understanding the nature of self-control over time.
► Belief in unlimited willpower only improves mild depletion. ► Enhanced motivation only improves mild depletion. ► Several self-control acts worsen later self-control regardless of lay beliefs. ► Several self-control acts worsen later self-control regardless of motivation.
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