Amaç: Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik yenilikçi yollar arayışı uluslararası gündemde özellikle son birkaç yıl içerisinde daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. ...Avrupa Birliği’ne göre bu konuda en önemli yollardan biri olarak addedilen eko-inovasyon, olumsuz çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasını ve kaynakların daha verimli kullanılmasını sağlayan bir araçtır. Bu bağlamda çalışma temel olarak, eko-inovasyon performansının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemi olarak Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri seçilmiş ve analizler, Eurostat veri tabanından elde edilen ikincil verilerle uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, eko-inovasyon performansı ve ekonomik büyüme, sırasıyla eko-inovasyon endeksi ve gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Ampirik analiz panel veri yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonucuna göre AB ülkeleri için 2013-2022 döneminde eko-inovasyondaki %1’lik artış ekonomik büyümeyi %0,53 oranında arttırmıştır. Eko-inovasyonun son 10 yıllık dönemde AB üyesi ülkelerin ekonomik refahında yükselme etkisi yarattığı ifade edilebilir.
Özgünlük: Mevcut çalışma, eko-inovasyon performansının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu sorusunu tartışarak literatüre teorik ve ampirik olarak, yönetici ve politika geliştiricilere ise sunduğu önerilerle katkı sağlayan ülke düzeyindeki ilk çalışma olma özelliğine sahiptir.
Purpose: The search for innovative ways to combat global warming and climate change has gained more importance on the international agenda, especially in the last few years. Eco-innovation, which is considered one of the most important ways in this regard according to the European Union, is a tool that reduces negative environmental impacts and uses resources more efficiently. In this context, the study basically aims to investigate what impact eco-innovation performance has on economic growth.
Methodology: The research sample consisted of European Union countries, and analyses were conducted using secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database. This research measured eco-innovation performance and economic growth using the eco-innovation index and gross domestic product (GDP), respectively. Empirical analysis was carried out using the panel data method.
Findings: According to the research findings, a %1 increase in eco-innovation during the period of 2013-2022 has led to a 0.53% increase in economic growth for EU countries. It can be stated that eco-innovation has had a positive impact on the economic well-being of EU member countries over the past decade.
Originality: The present study is the first of its kind at the country level, aiming to make theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature. It addresses the question of how eco-innovation performance impacts economic growth and provides practical recommendations for managers and policymakers.
Due to urban sprawl, the demand for land has increased for the purpose of construction. It is unlikely that soil available at different construction sites will be suitable for designed structures. ...For improving the load-bearing capacity of the soil, different soil binders are used, which are present in distinct states. In this review, the authors have collected details about various binders, which are generally used in the soil stabilization, and their effect as a binding agent on the soil. In this article, the authors tried to review different traditional binders. After studying various research articles, the authors found that lime, ground-granulated blast slag (GGBS) polypropylene, polyurethane grouting, and asphalt mix are frequently used binders. However, the authors also gathered information about the negative environmental impact of these traditional soil binders, which led to the need for alternatives to these commonly used soil binders. To diminish this issue, different alternate hydraulic and non-hydraulic binders are discussed. The authors found alternatives to cement and lime with the alkali-activated material consisting of Na
O and silica modulus and belite-calcium sulfoaluminate ferrite, which is also known as “Aether™.” According to the research, both alternatives emit 20–30% less CO
into the environment and also improve the compressive strength of the soil. The various studies promotes bitumen modification. Incorporating 20-mesh crumb rubber and bio-oil into the bitumen reduces its viscosity and improves its fatigue value. When waste oil is mixed with asphalt, it revitalizes the bitumen, improves fatigue resistance, and increases compressive strength. The soil particles treated by Eko soil are held together by enzymes, which give them the same strength as cement. Apart from that, low-carbon binders such as basic oxygen furnace slag, bamboo fiber, enzyme-based soil treatment, zebu manure for stabilization, and lignin-contained biofuels and coproducts are discussed. Replacing these traditional binders helps with energy savings. All waste products are recycled, and energy is saved by not manufacturing traditional binders. Additionally, energy is saved, which is required to avoid the detrimental effects of these conventional binders, making them energy-efficient alternate binders. The authors also summarize the methods used, impacts, and changes that occur in soil properties after using substitutes in place of traditional binders. From the review, the authors determined that different binders have various properties in terms of chemical and physical compositions, and they show different variations in terms of strength when added to soil with low bearing capacity or poor stability.
SORIONEKU/KE no equivale a zorioneko 'dichoso, feliz', ni se relaciona con zorion 'dicha, felicidad'. Estos son muy tardíos (comienzos o mediados del XVIII), y difundidos por Larramendi y seguidores ...en la literatura meridional y ciertos usos orales. Ditxa/-oso, feliz(itate), fortuna(tu), bienabenturatu/-du (y el mixto dohatsu) son anteriores en el corpus y, aunque menguan a finales del XVIII en el Sur, han pervivido en las hablas de esos territorios y en textos marginales a los que no llegó el vasco literario. Por fin, zorioneko pertenece al paradigma determinado de zorion (< *zorion-e-ha-n) y, por tanto, no puede ser anterior al s. X.
•The Digital Stethoscope (DS) was valid, practical, and easy to use in donkeys.•The DS was accurate in the evaluation of heart rhythm and HR in donkeys.•The DS provided a good quality ECG recording ...in donkeys.
The digital stethoscope (DS) is a cost-effective single-lead digital stethoscope that allows simultaneous electrocardiographic (ECG) and phonocardiographic recordings on a smartphone. Despite its application in small animals and horses, there are currently no studies on its use in donkeys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a new smartphone-based DS device in recording ECG tracings in donkeys. Standard base-apex lead ECG (sECG) and single-lead DS ECG (dECG) were simultaneously recorded for at least 30 s. Both sECG and dECG tracings were analysed by the same operator, recording heart rate, ECG waves and intervals, and the presence and duration of artefacts. Thirty-seven donkeys were included. The dECG tracings were interpretable in all the animals (100 %). The results showed perfect agreement between the sECG and dECG data for the classification of heart rhythm and P-wave polarity. Strong agreement was found in the evaluation of heart rate calculated manually and automatically by the smartphone app, QRS complex polarity, T wave polarity, and duration of the PR interval. However, no agreement was found in the evaluation of P wave duration, QRS complex duration and amplitude, and T wave duration and amplitude. In conclusion, although this is only a preliminary study, the DS was a valid, practical, and easy to use electrocardiographic tool for recording good-quality ECG tracings to assess the ECGs of donkeys in the field.
Neodrživost i nesrazmjer između dostupnosti resursa i tržišne ekonomije, te ustrajna degradacija okoliša, rezultat su pojave politički podržanog globalnog koncepata održivi razvoj. U poslovnom ...svijetu široko prihvaćenih oblika ponašanja koje su poslovne organizacije prihvatile i primjenjuju kao odgovor na zahtjev za održivim razvojem je »društveno odgovorno poslovanje«. Poduzeća u sektoru šumarstva okolišni aspekt društveno odgovornog poslovanja provode u praksi kroz (a) certifikaciju šuma kao mehanizam unapređenja upravljanja i gospodarenja šumama te (b) kroz certifikaciju ekoloških proizvoda. Shodno navedenom, u uvodu rada daje se prikaz krovnih organizacija i nacionalnih modela certifikacije poljoprivrednih i šumarskih proizvoda. Središnji dio rada prikazuje zakonodavni okvir i postupak stručne kontrole u ekološkoj proizvodnji. Dodatno, u središnjem dijelu rada ističu se primjeri dobre prakse certifikacije nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda kroz FSC standarde i ekološku certifikaciju proizvoda. U sklopu diskusije i zaključaka navode se ključni razlozi za slabu zainteresiranost ekološke certifikacije, ali i sakupljanja i prerade, nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda u Republici Hrvatskoj. Zaključno se navodi potreba pronalaženja idejnog rješenja tranzicije sa prema trupcu orijentiranog tradicionalnog gospodarenja, na multifunkcionalno održivo gospodarenje pod motom »od trupca ka bobici«.
The unsustainability and disproportion between available resources and demands of market economy, as well as the persistent degradation of the environment, resulted in the emergence of a politically supported global concept of »sustainable« development. In the business world widely accepted form of behaviour which business organizations have accepted and implemented in response to the need for sustainable development is »corporate social responsibility«. Definition of corporate social responsibility and its connection, through the social and environmental aspect, with the most important management standards such as SA8000, ISO 14000, FSC, eco-labels, etc. is shown in the introduction part of this paper. In addition, the introduction provides a brief overview and the role of the two umbrella organizations, the International Social and Environmental Accreditation Alliance (ISEAL) and the Global Ecologging Network (GEN). Key information about ecological certification of products and ten national eco-labels from Europe and the World are also shown.
Companies in the forestry sector implement the environmental aspect of corporate social responsibility in practice through (a) forest certification as a mechanism for improving forest management and (b) through the certification of ecological products. Accordingly, the legislative framework and the system of ecological certification and control within the European Union with the case study of the Republic of Croatia are presented in the central part of the paper. The process of environmental certification of products by the control body is presented and explained through five key steps: (a) introductory interview with the entity, (b) tour of the production unit, (c) control of documentation, (d) report writing and (e) final comment of the expert control. The certification of non-wood forest products as a neglected niche of the forestry sector of the Republic of Croatia is additionally emphasized, where special accent is placed on the need for transition from log-oriented traditional management to multifunctional sustainable management under the motto »from log to berry«. In addition, the paper presents examples of good practice in the management and certification of non-wood forest products through FSC standards and environmental certification of products. An overview of certification models of non-wood forest products by scope is also shown in the paper.
As part of the discussion and conclusions, the key reasons / limitations for the low interest in ecological certification, but also in the collection and processing, of non-wood forest products in the Republic of Croatia are stated. In conclusion, the paper states the need for (a) development of methodology and tools for production possibilities quantification of non-wood forest products, (b) formation of non-wood forest products database, (c) development of national ordinances that will regulate and control the collection and processing of non-wood forest products, and (d) encouragement of non-wood forest products certification process (through the FSC model, environmental certification, etc.) with the aim of achieving added value in the promotion and sale of products in the domestic and foreign markets.
This paper discusses the results of a study to understand the implications of the Eko Atlantic (EA) project in Lagos city. The objective of this study is to identify the benefits of the EA project in ...terms of infrastructure development. The findings show that the EA project can play a significant role in regenerating and reshaping Lagos urban development. EA can serve as a potential model for developing new urban areas that would reconstruct the city.
Turizm sektöründe etkinlikler, kültürel değerlerin tanıtılması, ekonominin gelişmesi ve destinasyonlara turist çekmesi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak etkinliklerin çevreye olan etkilerine ...bakıldığında, binlerce ton atık oluşturma, çevre kirliliği yaratarak doğal ve kültürel varlıkların tahrip edilmesi gibi olumsuz etkilere sebep olabilmektedir. Etkinliklerin çevreye olan olumsuz etkisini azaltmak için son yıllarda yeni bir etkinlik türü olan “eko-etkinlikler” ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada sürdürülebilir turizme değinilerek, eko-etkinliklerin ne olduğu ve neden gerekli olduğu hakkında kavramsal bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Ayrıca eko-etkinlikleri değerlendiren uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşlardan biri olan A Greener Festival kuruluşu ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı, A Greener Festival Ödülleri’nde ödül almış etkinliklerin sınıflandırılmasıyla, etkinliklerin ya da festivallerin sürdürülebilir olabilmesi için gerekli eko uygulamaları belirlemektir. “A Greener Festival” adlı sivil toplum kuruluşunun 2017 yılında 4 dalda (seçkinler, yüksek düzeyde tavsiye edilenler, önerilenler, gelişmekte olanlar) verdiği ödüllerin eko uygulamaları incelenmiş ve seçkinler ve yüksek düzeyde tavsiye edilenler kategorilerindeki etkinlikler nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda 4 dalda ödül alan festivallerin sürdürülebilir faaliyetleri (atık yönetimi, kullanılan malzemeler gibi) festivallerinde uyguladıkları ve sürdürülebilir bir çevreye sahip olmanın bilincinde oldukları ortaya konmuştur.
Presence of dye molecules in water causes various harmful effects for both human and aquatic species. Herein, we tried to remove two cationic dyes, namely Crystal violet and Brilliant green, from ...water by kaolinite clay mineral. The kaolinite clay mineral is further treated with 0.25 M and 0.05 M H
2
SO
4
to increase its adsorption capacity. The structural changes due to acid treatment were analyzed by XRD, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, cation exchange capacity, BET surface area, and pore volume measurements. Kinetic data were analyzed by using five different kinetic models and the data fitted best to pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir isotherm showed best fit to the adsorption of both Crystal violet and Brilliant green. Acid–treatment has slightly increased the adsorption capacities for both the dyes. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of raw kaolinite was found to be 47.17 and 25.70 mg g
−1
for Crystal violet and Brilliant green, respectively, which increased to 49.50 and 50.51 mg g
−1
for 0.25 M and 0.50 M acid-treated kaolinite in case of Crystal violet and to 26.45 and 26.88 mg g
−1
in case of Brilliant green at 303 K. Crystal violet adsorption was exothermic with increase in ∆
G
values, whereas Brilliant green adsorption was endothermic in nature with decrease in ∆
G
in the temperature range 293–323 K. Reusability study showed the adsorbents could be successfully used up to 3rd cycle without much loss of adsorption capacity.
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