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Presented the Primary Mental Abilities Test and 30-item lists of noun pairs to a total of 160 middle- to lower-class kindergarteners and 2nd graders. Controls received no elaboration on any item, ...while experimental Ss received mixed lists of auditory-, visual-, and no-elaboration items. Based on relative performance on auditory or visual items, elaboration Ss were termed verbalizers or visualizers and then given a "pure list" of exclusively auditiory- or visual-elaboration items. Elaboration Ss recalled more than controls on no-elaboration items. 2nd-grade elaboration Ss recalled more than kindergarten ones; there were no grade differences for controls. On the pure list, verbalizers recalled more auditory-elaboration items, and visualizers recalled more visual-elaboration items. Kindergarten verbalizers did better on verbal meaning than kindergarten visualizers. (33 ref.)
Processing at encoding and retrieval was jointly manipulated, and then the retrieval effectiveness of different cues was directly compared to uncover the relative pattern of deep and elaborate ...processing in relation to both age and different experimental manipulations in 67 Ss in 3 age groups (mean ages 24.1, 42.7, and 65.6 yrs). In Exp I phonemic and semantic cues were effective retrieval aids for to-be-remembered words in the youngest group; with increasing age, semantic cues decreased in effectiveness more than phonemic cues. These data show phonemic features to have an importance that is not recognized in the data generated by the typical levels paradigm. When elaboration of the words was induced in Exp II by presenting them in sentences, semantic and context cues were most effective in the youngest group whereas phonemic cues were most effective in the oldest group. It is concluded from this that aging results in inefficient integration of words with the context of presentation. The aging effects were mimicked in young Ss in Exp III by restricting encoding time. (22 ref)
Xinhua: "President Hu Elaborates on China's Stance on Climate Change" "When looking at China's emissions, it is necessary to take into account the following three factors," Hu said. "We have, in line ...with our economic and social development plans and sustainable development strategy, formulated China's National Climate Change Programme, set up the National Leading Group to Address Climate Change, promulgated a series of laws and regulations and adopted a host of measures to tackle climate change," said the Chinese president.
"Total revenues are projected at 128,740 million denars 1.00 euro = 61.32denars, while expenditures at 134,280 million denars. The fiscal framework remains unchanged, i.e. the budget deficit is ...planed at 5,540 million denars, which represents 1.5 per cent of the GDP gross domestic product," said Minister Slaveski. "The country's NATO integration and full-fledged EU membership, full implementation of the Ohrid Framework Agreement accompanied by intensification of power decentralization, coherent long-term development of the country, including higher economic growth, job creation, and reduction of unemployment and poverty are crucial comprehensive goals, accepted by all political entities in the country and backed by the population," stated Slaveski. "The results are already felt, while investments are diversified in almost all economic sectors. Total direct investments in period January-August amounted to 95 million euros, expecting their rise to 213 million euros by the year-end," stressed Slaveski, adding that majority of investments are expected in the upcoming years, when Government's measures and activities are to be fully effective, i.e. when the flat tax rate is ten per cent.
Člankom dajemo kritički prikaz Programa poticanja obnove
raseljenih i zapuštenih sela „Etno-eko“ Splitsko-dalmatinske
županije kojim se potiče obnova sela kao turističkog resursa.
Problematiziramo ...izradu prostorno-planske dokumentacije za
obnovu sela. Imajući u vidu da će snimak postojećeg stanja i
analiza naselja ostati trajni dokument o tradicijskoj gradnji koja
se novom namjenom transformira, dajemo upute o sadržaju i
mjerilu geodetskog snimka koji bi trebao biti podloga za izradu
arhitektonskog snimka svake građevine te navodimo elemente
koje treba sadržavati svaki konzervatorski elaborat sa smjernicama
za izradu prostornih planova. Osvrćemo se na vrstu i
sadržaj prostornih planova koje propisuje Zakon o prostornom
planiranju, a koje smatramo neadekvatnim za planiranje u ruralnom
prostoru.
In acest articol sunt prezentate cele cinci categorii de actori implicati in procesul politicilor publice: oficialii alesi, oficialii numiti (functionarii publici), grupurile de interese, ...organizatiile de cercetare si mass media. Aceste categorii de actori nu sunt omogene, datorita faptului ca indivizii care le compun sunt destul de diferiti si au, in mod cert, interese diferite. Aceasta lucrare abordeaza aceste categorii de actori din perspectiva stakeholderilor politicilor publice si reliefeaza cu argumente interesul detinut de fiecare dintre acestia.
Acest articol descrie etapele ciclului politicilor publice in viziunea unor autori importanti din literatura de specialitate de la nivel international si national. Abordarile prezentate sunt ...semnificative pentru intelegerea procesului politicilor publice, dar ele nu pot fi aplicate in orice situatie problematica, deoarece in practica ciclul politicilor publice nu se deruleaza la fel de simplu si cu aceeasi succesiune a etapelor ca in teorie. In final sunt prezentate cAteva concluzii referitoare la procesul de elaborare a politicilor despre care se considera ca incepe in momentul In care oamenii dintr-o comunitate devin constienti de existenta unei probleme de interes public.