Elaborate petals are highly diverse in morphology, structure, and epidermal differentiation and play a key role in attracting pollinators. There have been few studies on the elaborate structure of ...petals in the tribe Isopyreae (Ranunculaceae). Seven genera in Isopyreae (
Aquilegia
,
Semiaquilegia
,
Urophysa
,
Isopyrum
,
Paraquilegia
,
Dichocarpum
, and
Leptopyrum
) have petals that vary in morphology, and two genera (
Enemion
and
Thalictrum
) have no petals. The petals of nine species belonged to 7 genera in the tribe were studied to reveal their nectary structure, epidermal micromorphology and ancestral traits. The petal nectaries of Isopyreae examined in this study were located at the tip of spurs (
Aquilegia yabeana
and
A. rockii
), or the bottom of shallow sacs (
Semiaquilegia adoxoides
,
Urophysa henryi
,
Isopyrum manshuricum
, and
Paraquilegia microphylla
), a cup-shaped structure (
Dichocarpum fargesii
) and a bilabiate structure (
Leptopyrum fumarioides
). The petal nectary of eight species in Isopyreae (except
A. ecalcarata
) was composed of secretory epidermis, nectary parenchyma, and vascular tissues, and some sieve tubes reached the secretory parenchyma cells. Among the eight species with nectaries examined in the present study,
A. yabeana
had the most developed nectaries, with 10–15 layers of secretory parenchyma cells. The epidermal cells of mature petals of the nine species were divided into 11 types. Among these 11 types, there were two types of secretory cells and two types of trichomes.
Aquilegia yabeana
and
A. rockii
had the highest number of cell types (eight types), and
I. manshuricum
and
L. fumarioides
had the lowest number of cell types (three types).
Aquilegia ecalcarata
had no secretory cells, and the papillose conical polygonal secretory cells of
D. fargesii
were different from those of the other seven species with nectaries. Trichomes were found only in
Aquilegia
,
Semiaquilegia
,
Urophysa
, and
Paraquilegia
. The ancestral mode of nectar presentation in Isopyreae was petals with hidden nectar (70.58%). The different modes of nectar presentation in petals may reflect adaptations to different pollinators in Isopyreae.
Pathway production of products has more splendid trail and route optimization specifications and the desire to prevent barriers in near real‐time. This document presents a hybrid route planning ...approach for solving function optimization in cruise liners without a man. This research considers the problem of shipway making plans in depth and experiments it. Mathematical concepts for optimization algorithm decided to Complex Waters Based on Chaos Genetic Algorithm (CWCGA) is designed for ship trajectory tracking. Firstly, an enhanced particulate swarm algorithm is being used to design the pathways; an inter‐process is founded on balancing the inhabitants' significant search capability and the query capacity at a local level. Last, the original paddle plan and global status are simulated. The Optimization problem is utilized for the very next part to plan this same path of the marine ecosystem. The results reveal that the improved algorithm performs better than the route plan method based on the linear enhancement of the particular search space's body mass.
This research considers the problem of shipway making plans in depth and experiments it. Mathematical concepts for optimization algorithm decided to Complex Waters Based on Chaos Genetic Algorithm (CWCGA) is designed for ship trajectory tracking. Improved algorithm performs better than the route plan method based on the linear enhancement of the particular search space's body mass.
The grammar of ‘non-realization’ Kuteva, Tania; Aarts, Bas; Popova, Gergana ...
Studies in language,
12/2019, Letnik:
43, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
On the basis of cross-linguistic data from both genetically and geographically related and unrelated languages, in this article we argue that the linguistic phenomena usually referred to as ...the avertive, the frustrative and the apprehensional belong not to three but to five – semantically related, and yet distinct grammatical categories, all of which involve different degrees of non-realization of the verb situation in the area of Tense-Aspect-Mood: apprehensional, avertive, frustrated initiation, frustrated completion, inconsequential. Our major goal here is to account for these grammatical categories in terms of an adequate model of linguistic categorization. For this purpose, we apply the notion of Intersective Gradience (introduced for the first time in the morphosyntactic domain in Aarts (
2004
,
2007
) to the morphosemantic domain. Thus the present approach reconciles two major approaches to linguistic categorization: (i) the classical, Aristotelian approach and (ii) a more recent, gradience/fuzziness approach.
Stress hormones are emerging as major factors regulating the expression of elaborate male traits. Surprisingly, however, the effects of glucocorticoids on such traits have not been formally ...integrated with androgen-based models of sexual selection. Here we point out that consideration of glucocorticoid-mediated effects on the phenotype provides new insight into long-standing hypotheses and controversies associated with such models. In particular, androgen-based ‘handicap’ models of sexual selection characteristically hinge on graded effects of androgens on male traits, but few studies have found support for such a relationship, suggesting that androgens may not be a primary target of selection. We propose, however, that in many instances, androgens may not appear to have a graded effect on the phenotype because elevated glucocorticoids mask the effects of androgens. Glucocorticoids may be inextricably linked to elaborate traits because the energetic demands associated with such traits promote glucocorticoid production. We thus propose that glucocorticoid-mediated effects on male traits warrant re-evaluation of androgen-based models of sexual selection. In particular, we argue that androgen-based handicap models cannot be dismissed based on the lack of evidence for a graded relationship between androgen level and the extent or magnitude of the trait. Our review of the literature indicates that most studies have examined either the effects of androgens or the effects of glucocorticoids, but not both. A more integrated approach involving the effects of both steroids is necessary to fully understand the role of androgens and the endocrine targets of selection associated with the expression of elaborate male traits.
•We review the effects of glucocorticoids on the expression of elaborate male traits.•Elevated glucocorticoids appear to be necessary for elaboration of various traits.•Elevated glucocorticoids, however, can mask androgenic effects on the phenotype.•Such effects may be pivotal in understanding androgen-based models of sexual selection.
Psalm 37 uchodzi za zbiór sentencji mądrościowych, przypominający Księgę Przysłów. Szczegółowa analiza tego Psalmu prowadzi do wniosku, że jest on kunsztowną kompozycją (pomijając drobne redakcyjne ...uzupełnienie) i jako taki powinien być interpretowany. Rzeczowo przynależy on do Psałterza (umieszczony w końcowej części pierwszego Psałterza Dawidowego), gdyż z naciskiem wzywa odbiorcę do pokładania ufności w Bogu, który ocala sprawiedliwego, a niegodziwego przywodzi do zagłady. Jest znacznie bardziej niż zbiory z Księgi Przysłów naznaczony religijnie i liturgicznie.
Purpose
In the breast cancer center at the Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe (GKH), integrative strategies are implemented in the routine care of breast cancer patients. The aim of this breast ...cancer real-world study was to systematically evaluate changes in patients’ internal coherence and resilience, associated with the use of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs).
Methods
This study included 231 primary breast cancer patients treated with standard oncological therapy and NPIs, which comprise art and movement therapies, nursing interventions, and educational components, and had answered the internal coherence scale (ICS) questionnaire at first diagnosis and 12 months later. Data were collected from the Network Oncology clinical registry of the GKH, and effects of NPIs on ICS changes were analyzed with adjusted linear multivariable regression analyses, using the software R.
Results
Two hundred twenty breast cancer patients of all tumor stages were eligible for a total of 27 separate adjusted multivariable linear regression analyses. The NPIs elaborate consultations and life review (ECLR); nursing compresses, music therapy, and rhythmic massages were significantly associated with increases of about 2-point changes in inner resilience and coherence (
p
< 0.05). Furthermore, a significant association with an elevation of the thermo coherence was observed for the application of nursing compresses.
Conclusions
The evaluation of real-world data carried out here shows that the application of the multimodal treatment concept can lead to an enhancement of the internal coherence and resilience in breast cancer patients. To improve the care of cancer patients, this multimodal program should be further expanded into routine clinical practices.
Trial registration
Trial registration number DRKS00013335 on 27/11/2017 retrospectively registered
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