A questionnaire survey was conducted with nursing staff at an elderly care facility in Prefecture A to develop strategies for preventing abuse and measures for handling abuse within the facility. ...Here, incidences where nursing staff came close to but ultimately avoided engaging in abusive acts or inappropriate care of patients were examined. Results from the free response data of the questionnaire showed that the practical avoidance behaviors of individual staff members included creative care practices, knowledge of giving care, and self-restraint. In addition, staff made use of specific behaviors that were either past- or future-oriented, such as avoiding abuse through self-reflection and imagining acts of avoiding abuse. Moreover, abuse was avoided through concern for the surrounding environment, such as through considering effects of facility practices, the human environment, and collaboration within the same profession. These findings indicated that individual avoidance behaviors and environmental factors mutually interact so that acts by the staff do not reach the point where abusive behavior takes place.
This paper provides an overview of English elder abuse policy including guidelines developed for adult protection by their Department of Health in 2000, a report released from the House of Commons ...Health Committee in 2004 on elder abuse, related policy changes affecting older adults, the mentally incapacitated, and social care regulations, and the launching of public awareness campaigns. In contrast to the U.S., English policy subsumes elder abuse within the larger category of vulnerable adult protection, steers clear of mandatory reporting, emphasizes abuse by formal caregivers rather than domestic violence, relies on a multi-agency approach to investigation and intervention, and supports more remedial, less punitive regulatory oversight.
To outline the recent features of child and elderly victims from the medico-legal perspective with special reference to abuse and neglect, a retrospective investigation of forensic autopsy cases over ...a 5 year period (1994–1998) in the southern half of Osaka city and surrounding areas (a population of 1.57 million) was undertaken. Among 646 autopsy cases, there were 53 child cases (under the age of 15 years, about 80% below 6) and 121 elderly cases (65 years old and above). Nearly half of the child deaths and more than half of the elderly deaths were described as accidental. Fire and traffic victims were much more frequent in the elderly. Child victims included those of neonaticide/infanticide (
n=6), physical abuse (
n=10), unintentional fatal infliction (
n=2), neglect (
n=2), mutual suicide (
n=2), suicide (
n=1) and murder (
n=3). Child abuse and neglect were domestic maltreatment by the parents. In this series, there was a comparable number of fatalities due to maltreatment in the elderly (
n=13) and in children, and non-domestic violence was more frequent in the elderly than domestic violence. Elderly females tended to be battered by their sons or grandsons in domestic violence cases, whereas males were predominantly attacked by younger males in non-domestic violence. The other elderly victims included those of self-neglect (
n=2), murder (
n=7) and suicide (
n=9). Non-domestic homicide of the elderly occurred mainly in the center of the city, whereas domestic maltreatment of children and the elderly was sporadic, although somewhat more frequent in the peripheral zone of the city and the surrounding areas. The above profile of child and elderly abuse suggests a substantial influence of social and familial backgrounds.
이 연구는 1990년대 이후 일본에서 노인돌봄을 하는 남성 가족돌봄자가 비약적으로 증가한 현상에 주목해 이를 젠더질서의 변화라는 관점에서 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 노인돌봄과 관련한 문헌자료와 남성돌봄자들의 자조활동에 대한 현장조사를 바탕으로 정책, 담론, 그리고 당사자의 활동 등을 종합적으로 개괄하면서 남성돌봄을 둘러싼 전체적인 흐름을 짚어 본다.
...주요하게 다음 사항에 중점을 두고 접근한다. 첫째는 노인을 돌보는 남성이 증가하게 된 배경을 살펴보는 일이다. 이것은 장기불황과 급속한 고령화가 겹치면서 저성장사회로 진입한 일본사회가 남성들의 삶에 초래한 변화를 살펴보는 작업과 궤를 같이 한다. 둘째는 남성돌봄을 둘러싼 담론과 정책을 시계열적으로 가늠해 보는 것이다. 1990년대 이후를 크게 ① 1990년대 중반~ 2005년 ② 2006년~ 2015년 ③ 2016년 이후로 구분한 후 각 시기의 남성돌봄을 둘러싼 특징적인 양상을 살펴볼 것이다. 시기 구분은 연구자가 검토한 가족돌봄의 주요 정책과 이에 대한 선행연구를 기준으로 삼았다. 셋째는 남성돌봄자의 증가가 강한 성별분업과 남성생계부양자를 중심으로 한 가부장적 젠더질서에 어떤 변화를 초래하고 있는지 그 함의를 검토해 보는 것이다. 이것은 특히 남성돌봄자 모임이 지니는 정치적 가능성을 따져보고, 남성돌봄자의 증가가 젠더평등에 새로운 지평을 여는 계기가 될 수 있을지 가늠해 보려는 작업이다.
This article aims at examining the phenomenon that male family caregivers who take care of the elderly have been remarkably increasing in Japan. Based on references related to elderly caregiving and field surveys on support group activities of male caregivers, I will look into overall progress of male caregiving while exploring relevant policies, discourses and their works comprehensively.
I’ll focus on following three matters. First, I’ll search for circumstances explaining why male elderly caregivers are increasing. It comes along with surveys on changes of their lives caused by Japanese society which is entering low-growth era because of long-term depression and ageing of population. Second, I’ll estimate discourses and policies about male caregivers in time serial manner. That is, after dividing recent years since 1990s into three phases: ① mid 1990s-2005, ② 2006-2015 ③ after 2016, I’ll look into distinctive aspects of male caregiving in each phase. Third, I’ll find out changes in strict gender division of labor and patriarchal gender norms ruled by male breadwinner, caused by the increase of male caregivers. This work is intended to examine whether increase of male caregivers can be an opportunity to open a new chapter of gender equality and what kind of political possibilities their support groups have.
Background: The objective of the present study was to elucidate factors related to the contemplation of abuse toward care recipients among family caregivers in order to prevent elderly abuse within ...families. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed in September 2009 to a total of 1008 primary caregivers of users of visiting nursing stations in Prefecture X. Responses were obtained from 651 caregivers, and analyzed 308 among them. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using two groups as dependent variables ("one type of abuse" vs. "more than one type" and the "none" group as the standard) and other variables as independent variables. Results: A total of 57.6% of caregivers were classified into the "none" group, 26.0% into the "one type" group, and 16.6% into the "multiple" group. Significant odds ratios for the "one type" group relative to the "none" group were as follows: care burden score, presence of cerebrovascular disease, and care-giving experience. In addition, significant odds ratios for the "multiple" group relative to the "none" group were as follows: care burden score, depression score, and positive view of care. Conclusion: Support for reducing care burden must be given to family caregivers who contemplate even one type of abuse.
