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•In-situ optical observations during electrochemical deposition of Sb/Sb2O3 composites.•Stripe patterns with Sb- and Sb2O3 regions are formed during Sb/Sb2O3 deposition.•Patterning ...only occurs without active electrolyte convection in vertical arrangement.•Complex coupling of Sb and Sb2O3 deposition can lead to instability of the system.•Development of a natural convection pattern is suggested to induce self-organization.
Sb/Sb2O3 composites are considered promising materials for numerous applications, such as secondary batteries, catalysis and thermoelectrics. Recent research shows that nanostructured Sb/Sb2O3 micro-composites can be obtained straightforward by a single-step electrochemical deposition process. While macroscopically homogenous deposits are obtained in most cases it is shown herein that pattern with Sb and Sb2O3 rich regions emerge under specific conditions. The pattern formation is investigated using electrochemical methods combined with in-situ optical observation and electron microscopy. The origin of pattern formation is proposed to be related to the complex interactions between electrochemical Sb deposition and chemical Sb2O3 precipitation in combination with the emergence of convection patterns in the vicinity of the electrode. These findings contribute to a fundamental understanding in the nascent field of electrochemical metal/oxide co-deposition and can be useful for the rational design of advanced functional composite coatings.
Electrodeposited nanowires are an excellent scenario to study and control magnetic domain wall motion in nanostructures. In particular, the introduction of local changes in composition during the ...growth procedure has been proven to be very efficient for controlling the magnetization dynamics. In this work, we show the possibility of introducing compositional gradients in FeNi electrodeposited nanowires by gradually changing the Fe/Ni ratio along their axis. These compositional gradients produce an asymmetrical landscape for domain wall motion which is reflected in asymmetrical magnetization processes under an applied magnetic field. By studying nanowires with different compositional gradients we were able to correlate composition and magnetic asymmetry. Our results pave the way towards full control of the movement of domain walls along the nanowires.
Carbene MonolayersIn article number 2302317, Elad Gross and co‐workers demonstrate that selective deposition of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) monolayers on specific electrodes within a microelectrode ...array is achieved using pulsed electrodeposition. Analysis of the arrays reveals a single type of NHC on each electrode with distinctive influence on the chemical and electronic functionality of the electrode.
NiO is widely used in supercapacitors because of its low toxicity, low price and environmental friendliness. In this study, NiO/NiCo2O4 composites were prepared on nickel foam substrates using a ...simple electrochemical deposition technique. By adjusting the deposition time in the electrochemical parameters, the optimum conditions for the deposition process can be fine-tuned. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the synthesis of NiO/NiCo2O4 composites. The electrochemical properties of the composite electrode NiO/NiCo2O4/NF were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance (Cs) of the prepared composite electrode NiO/NiCo2O4/NF electrode was 717.8 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2 with a capacitance retention of 74.8 %. In addition, Aqueous symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs) and all-solid symmetric supercapacitors were assembled based on the composite NiO/NiCo2O4/NF electrode, respectively. The aqueous SSCs have a power density of 880 μW/cm2 and an energy density of 123.0 μWh/cm2, the all-solid symmetric supercapacitors have a power density of 960 μW/cm2 and an energy density of 24.27 μWh/cm2. The series connection of two identical capacitors can light up light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This research presents a promising technique for producing Ni-based electrode material for supercapacitors.
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•NiO/NiCo2O4 composites were prepared by a simple electrodeposition method.•Specific capacitance of NiO/NiCo2O4/NF electrode: 717.8 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2, with 74.8 % retention.•Aqueous SSCs based on NiO/NiCo2O4/NF: power density 880 μW/cm2, energy density 123.0 μWh/cm2.•All-solid supercapacitors based on NiO/NiCo2O4/NF: power density 960 μW/cm2, energy density 24.27 μWh/cm2.
•Single-accelerator microvia filling was achieved by pulse-reverse electrodeposition.•The addition of Cl− was critical for single-accelerator microvia filling.•Dissolution step and fluidic motion ...determined the acceleration effect of SPS.•The detachment of CuCl-SPS deactivated outside the microvia for Cu deposition.•The other accelerators (MPSA, DPS) were ineffective for single-accelerator filling.
Cu electrodeposition processes are widely employed to achieve defect-free interconnections in electronic devices. Typically, combinations of three additives—an accelerator, a suppressor, and a leveler—are used for bottom-up filling of Cu in microscaled features. However, the use of multiple additives adds complexity to electrolyte maintenance and can lead to reliability issues in the process. To address this challenge, we have developed a single-accelerator filling technique using pulse-reverse electrodeposition for microvias. During pulse-reverse electrodeposition, the anodic steps produce a large amount of Cu+ ions near the electrode surface. These Cu+ ions can form complexes with Cl− ions or CuCl layers, thereby enhancing the adsorption of the accelerator, SPS. This phenomenon depends on the electrolyte convection. Under strong forced convection, Cu-Cl species are removed, leading to subsequent deactivation of SPS, whereas Cu-Cl species remain stable under mild convection conditions. Based on this convection-dependent behavior of SPS and Cl, Cu electrodeposition is promoted at the bottom of microvias while the SPS is selectively deactivated outside the microvias where the strong electrolyte motion exists. As a result, without any polymeric suppressor and organic leveler, the microvias are successfully filled with Cu.
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Full(erene) of surprises: The first isomerically pure multi‐hydroxylated fullerene, C60(OH)8, shows a reduction peak and a reoxidation peak in aqueous solution. With surprising catalytic performance ...in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), when electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), salts of C60(OH)8 may prove to be effective molecular catalysts for conducting the HER without transition metals.
The efficiency of zinc electrodeposition is of fundamental importance for improving long-term performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. In order to improve the efficiency of electrodeposition, as ...well as morphology and reactivity of the zinc deposit, it is possible to use organic additives in the electrolyte. Here, the effect of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) as an electrolyte's additive on morphology and kinetics of zinc electrodeposition in 0.5 M of ZnSO4 solution is investigated. The presence of BPEI changes the morphology of the electrodeposited layer from laminated hexagonal large crystals to compact layer without preferential growth morphology. Moreover, we observe that BPEI adsorption on the surface of the substrate suppresses the kinetics of zinc electrodeposition and decreases the grain growth rate, thus favoring the nucleation over the growth. As a result, BPEI ensures a homogeneous distribution of the current densities and can guarantee uniformity of the deposited layer.
Compared with crystalline molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) employed as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, amorphous MoSx exhibits better activity. To synthesize amorphous MoSx, ...electrodeposition serving as a convenient and time‐saving method is successfully applied. However, the loading mass is hindered by limited mass transfer efficiency and the available active sites require further improvement. Herein, magneto‐electrodeposition is developed to synthesize MoSx with magnetic fields up to 9 T to investigate the effects of a magnetic field in the electrodeposition processing, as well as the induced electrochemical performance. Owing to the magneto‐hydrodynamic effect, the loading mass of MoSx is obviously increased, and the terminal S2− serving as the active site is enhanced. The optimized MoSx catalyst delivers outstanding HER performance, achieving an overpotential of 50 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and the corresponding Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1. The introduction of a magnetic field during the electrodeposition process will provide a novel route to prepare amorphous MoSx with improved electrochemical performance.
A feasible method is reported to synthesize amorphous MoSx with more active sites under magnetic fields. Owing to the magneto‐hydrodynamic effect, the loading mass of MoSx is obviously increased, and the terminal S2− serving as the active site is enhanced. The MoSx synthesized by electrodeposited under a 5 T magnetic field exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
