To solve the global warming and energy crisis, substituting fossil fuel energy such as oil with renewable energy is an inevitable trend. International efforts towards this have been great, as ...evidenced by climate change legislation related to the energy sector. Employing panel data on energy-related legislative activity aimed at climate change in 129 countries in the period 2001–2020, this research statistically investigated the short- and long-term effects of energy laws that promote renewable energy-based electricity generation including non-hydro renewable energy-based electricity generation in the short and long run. The effect is enhanced in countries with a strong legal system. Moreover, the impact of legislative acts is stronger than that of executive orders. Regarding different types of renewable energy resources, the effects of energy laws on solar and wind energy are stronger compared to other renewable sources. Furthermore, heterogeneous tests show that the effect of energy laws on renewable energy is greater in high and upper middle-income countries than in lower middle- and low-income countries. In 2020, the current energy laws increased renewable energy and non-hydro renewable energy electricity generation by 2248.067 and 1888.341 quadrillion kWh, respectively.
•Short-term and long-term effects of energy laws on renewable energy in global 129 countries are identified.•Energy laws play an important role in promoting renewable energy.•The effects of energy laws on solar and wind energy are stronger than other sources.•The effect of energy laws can be enhanced by good legal system.•The impact of legislative acts is stronger than executive orders.
This paper reviews the discrepancy between predicted and measured energy use in non-domestic buildings in a UK context with outlook to global studies. It explains differences between energy ...performance quantification and classifies this energy performance gap as a difference between compliance or performance modelling with measured energy use. Literary sources are reviewed in order to signify the magnitude between predicted and measured energy use, which is found to deviate by +34% with a standard deviation of 55% based on 62 buildings. It proceeds in describing the underlying causes for the performance gap, existent in all stages of the building life cycle, and identifies the dominant factors to be related to specification uncertainty in modelling, occupant behaviour and poor operational practices having an estimated effect of 20-60%, 10-80% and 15-80% on energy use respectively. Other factors that have a high impact are related to establishing the energy performance target, impact of early design decisions, heuristic uncertainty in modelling and occupant behaviour. Finally action measures and feedback processes in order to reduce the performance gap are discussed, indicating the need for energy in-use legislation, insight into design stage models, accessible energy data and expansion of research efforts towards building performance in-use in relation to predicted performance
Clean up energy innovation Georgeson, Lucien; Maslin, Mark; Poessinouw, Martyn
Nature (London),
10/2016, Letnik:
538, Številka:
7623
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Paris climate agreement to keep global average temperature rise below 2 °C requires the world to switch rapidly to low-carbon energy. Global carbon emissions must peak by 2020, fall to zero ...between 2060 and 2080 and become negative by 21001. The effort and investment needed would be immense, but it could happen: in 1800, the British government spent one-quarter of its per capita expenditure on becoming the worlds major naval power2; the US Interstate Highway System cost US$560 billion (in 2007 dollars) over 37 years of construction3.
With the implementation of the EU's key climate and energy policy objectives, there is a transition to a new energy system where renewable energy sources are pushed and where new technologies need to ...be developed and adopted. The energy transition may result in deeper participation of individual consumers or citizens in community-based initiatives. Those communities operate collectively in the energy market producing RE or in local networks, based on local collaborations. The development of energy communities is not the same in all member state. Moreover, it is noted that their development is different depending on the European country. The aim of this paper is to collect data, using a survey, to study and to better understand what the citizen energy initiatives are, their main features and the motivations of individuals to participate on it. The citizens participation is a crucial point for the development of this type of communities. The main motivation for participation in these communities seems to be concerns about environmental and climate impacts. We also note that in these communities the trust is very important for the development of any RE project.
Energy; Economics; Renewable energy; Motivations; Energy legislation; European Union; Citizen energy communities; Environmental economics; Behavioral economics; Microeconomics; Econometrics; Energy economics.
•Kyrgyzstan - a Central Asian country - faces a high degree of energy insecurity.•The available renewable energy resources are the potential and suitable solution•The current energy policy is one of ...the key barriers to expanding renewable energies in Kyrgyzstan•A detailed assessment of the existing energy policies and cluster-based barrier analysis•Synergistic strategies are needed to overcome barriers and expand the Kyrgyz renewable energy sector.
Kyrgyzstan – a Central Asian country – faces a high degree of energy insecurity. Especially the Kyrgyz power sector suffers from outdated infrastructure and is not capable of fulfilling the growing and fluctuating inter-seasonal energy demand. On the contrary, the country is endowed with an abundant amount of renewable energies, which can significantly contribute to bringing stability to the energy sector. The current energy policy is considered as one of the key barriers to the developing the renewable energy sector in Kyrgyzstan. Hence, there is an immediate need to evaluate the formulated energy policy to investigate gaps and uncertainties. In response to that, the presented study is the first attempt that provides an in-depth assessment of Kyrgyzstan's current energy legislative framework. It determines the primary mechanisms for the operation and conduction of renewable energy sources in terms of legal and economic aspects. Furthermore, it provides detailed insight into the current Feed-in tariff calculation methodology and scrutinizes the special provisions for private investors. Based on the in-depth assessment, the article recapitulates the shortfall in the existing energy policies. The article found that there is huge potential available for the renewable energy market. To unlock that, the presented article emahsised on synergestic policy making approach to overcome barriers and expand the Kyrgyz renewable energy sector. The article further showcased how the improvements in the regulatory framework would raise the interest of the private investors / local energy players to promote the installation of renewable energy technologies over the county.
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Compared to industrial policy, the rule of law can better stabilize expectations and ensure long-term benefits. Based on the legal text analysis and the accurate identification of renewable energy ...enterprises, this study conducts a quasi-natural experiment under the provisions of the Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China, officially implemented in 2006, to empirically test the impact of energy legislation on renewable energy enterprises' technological innovation. Energy legislation can drive technological innovation, manifesting in a dual upgrade of both quantity and quality of innovation in renewable energy enterprises. The aforementioned law promotes technological innovation by implementing legal responsibility, increasing economic incentives, encouraging new enterprises to entry, and cultivating human capital, thus proving it rational and effective. Additionally, it significantly enhances the innovation of upstream equipment manufacturers, the eastern China and southern power grid regions, enterprises belonging to local governments at the county level and below, foreign-invested enterprises, and private enterprises. This study not only provides empirical evidence that energy legislation can ensure innovation-driven green development but also offers a Chinese solution for sustainable global development.
•Evaluate energy legislation's incentives for renewable energy innovation.•Reveal the innovation incentive mechanisms of the Renewable Energy Law.•Rigorously classify renewable and non-renewable energy enterprises.•Classify renewable energy technological innovation into quantity and quality.•Assess impacts of the Renewable Energy Law on upstream and downstream enterprises.
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