In the U.S. and Europe, China is seen as Russia's tacit supporter, but what do Russian experts think? This article examines recent writings and interviews with leading Russian China-watchers. My ...research finds that they see Russia's invasion of Ukraine as setting limits to Sino-Russian relations, despite recent declarations by Beijing and Moscow stating otherwise. They conclude that China is likely to prioritize its own interests rather than to support Russia overtly. While some Russian observers emphasize the economic and political difficulties China faces, others point to its potential economic gains. Some Russian Asia experts remain confident that Russia will succeed in avoiding over-dependence on Chinese investment, whereas others see China being in a better position to obtain long-sought economic opportunities in Russia.
Beyond Faces and Expertise Zhao Mintao; Bülthoff, Heinrich H; Bülthoff Isabelle
Psychological science,
02/2016, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Holistic processing—the tendency to perceive objects as indecomposable wholes—has long been viewed as a process specific to faces or objects of expertise. Although current theories differ in what ...causes holistic processing, they share a fundamental constraint for its generalization: Nonface objects cannot elicit facelike holistic processing in the absence of expertise. Contrary to this prevailing view, here we show that line patterns with salient Gestalt information (i.e., connectedness, closure, and continuity between parts) can be processed as holistically as faces without any training. Moreover, weakening the saliency of Gestalt information in these patterns reduced holistic processing of them, which indicates that Gestalt information plays a crucial role in holistic processing. Therefore, holistic processing can be achieved not only via a top-down route based on expertise, but also via a bottom-up route relying merely on object-based information. The finding that facelike holistic processing can extend beyond the domains of faces and objects of expertise poses a challenge to current dominant theories.
In December 2021, it was 30 years after the end of the history of the USSR, but the Russian society has not yet decided its attitude to this event, contradictory assessments are also given by social ...scientists. Continuing the theme started in No. 8 of this year, the journal organized a round table, inviting social scientists-experts representing different scientific and ideological directions to discuss issues about the events of 1991. Participants display a wide range of opinions and assessments, from apologetic to critical.
Expert judgement is pervasive in all forms of risk analysis, yet the development of tools to deal with such judgements in a repeatable and transparent fashion is relatively recent. This work outlines ...new findings related to an approach to expert elicitation termed the IDEA protocol. IDEA combines psychologically robust interactions among experts with mathematical aggregation of individual estimates. In particular, this research explores whether communication among experts adversely effects the reliability of group estimates. Using data from estimates of the outcomes of geopolitical events, we find that loss of independence is relatively modest and it is compensated by improvements in group accuracy.
Learning Bayesian network structures from data is known to be hard, mainly because the number of candidate graphs is super-exponential in the number of variables. Furthermore, using observational ...data alone, the true causal graph is not discernible from other graphs that model the same set of conditional independencies. In this paper, it is investigated whether Bayesian network structure learning can be improved by exploiting the opinions of multiple domain experts regarding cause-effect relationships. In practice, experts have different individual probabilities of correctly labeling the inclusion or exclusion of edges in the structure. The accuracy of each expert is modeled by three parameters. Two new scoring functions are introduced that score each candidate graph based on the data and experts' opinions, taking into account their accuracy parameters. In the first scoring function, the experts' accuracies are estimated using an expectation-maximization-based algorithm and the estimated accuracies are explicitly used in the scoring process. The second function marginalizes out the accuracy parameters to obtain more robust scores when it is not possible to obtain a good estimate of experts' accuracies. The experimental results on simulated and real world datasets show that exploiting experts' knowledge can improve the structure learning if we take the experts' accuracies into account.
In the last 17 years, since the finalization of the first version of the now-dominant H.264/Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG-4) Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard in 2003, two major new ...generations of video coding standards have been developed. These include the standards known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Versatile Video Coding (VVC). HEVC was finalized in 2013, repeating the ten-year cycle time set by its predecessor and providing about 50% bit-rate reduction over AVC. The cycle was shortened by three years for the VVC project, which was finalized in July 2020, yet again achieving about a 50% bit-rate reduction over its predecessor (HEVC). This article summarizes these developments in video coding standardization after AVC. It especially focuses on providing an overview of the first version of VVC, including comparisons against HEVC. Besides further advances in hybrid video compression, as in previous development cycles, the broad versatility of the application domain that is highlighted in the title of VVC is explained. Included in VVC is the support for a wide range of applications beyond the typical standard- and high-definition camera-captured content codings, including features to support computer-generated/screen content, high dynamic range content, multilayer and multiview coding, and support for immersive media such as 360° video.
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