ABSTRACT
Objective
We examined whether parent–adolescent academic conflict and parental psychological control mediated associations between academically gifted adolescents' academic and psychological ...adjustments for both Chinese and European Americans.
Background
Previous studies suggest that associations between family dynamics and developmental outcomes are different between Chinese and European American adolescents, but they often overlook potential cross‐ethnic similarities within special groups (e.g., academically gifted students).
Method
We assessed 212 Chinese American and 122 European American academically gifted students' academic adjustment (academic efficacy and grade point average GPA), family dynamics (parental psychological control and parent–adolescent academic conflict), and psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, and self‐esteem) during ninth and 10th grade.
Results
For both groups, previously low academic efficacy was associated with later psychological maladjustment, and previously high GPA was associated with later anxiety. These associations were not mediated by family dynamics for either group.
Conclusion
For both groups, adolescents' academic adjustment could play an important role in psychological well‐being, regardless of whether they experienced parental psychological control and parent–adolescent academic conflict.
Implications
For both groups, it is important to identify whether academic‐related stressors (e.g., keeping academic success and high academic efficacy) are sources for academically gifted adolescents' psychological problems and help them develop coping strategies.
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to test a unified framework that integrates several theories into a cohesive model to explain the interplay between neuroticism and intimate relationship ...quality as risk factors for prenatal depression.
BackgroundThere is a notable spike in risk for depression during pregnancy, and the processes unfolding in the interparental relationship during this important time in the family life cycle might serve to mitigate or enhance this risk. Yet there is a need for theory‐driven research integrating multiple conceptual frameworks to explicate the role of intimate relationship quality in depression.
MethodIn a sample of 154 pregnant, cohabiting couples, multiple domains of intimate relationship quality were assessed using a semistructured clinical interview. An ecologically valid assessment of core depressive features was implemented, such that daily reports of depressed mood and anhedonia captured the pervasiveness of those symptoms for 2 weeks.
ResultsThe hypothesized, integrated model was supported for the following two dimensions of intimate relationship quality: conflict management for women and partner support for men. Neuroticism predicted depressive symptoms indirectly through poorer relationship quality and interacted with poorer relationship quality to influence depressive symptoms. In addition, poor sexual quality predicted paternal depressive symptoms, and this effect intensified at higher levels of neuroticism; however, neuroticism did not predict sexual quality.
ConclusionsThis integrated approach to studying risk for depression has implications for future research and clinical practice, particularly for clinicians working with pregnant couples when one or both partners are experiencing symptoms of depression.
Undernutrition is related to numerous childhood outcomes. However, little research has investigated the relationship between food insecurity and family dynamics. This systematic review seeks to ...validate the evidence for a relationship between these 2 factors.
A systematic literature review was conducted in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria include peer-reviewed research articles published during or after 1996 in English, using standardized measures of family function and food insecurity. Exclusion criteria include measurement of parent or child characteristics without assessing household or family characteristics or demographics. Two reviewers independently voted using Covidence, and Alpha agreement was determined at each phase.
A total of 15 studies were included for data extraction after the initial search being completed in April 2022. All included studies were found to be appropriate in numerous categories for quality assessment. Primary findings from these studies show a potential relationship exists between food insecurity and family dynamics.
The findings in this review suggest that effects of food insecurity expand to various aspects of healthy family functioning. Unhealthy family dynamics in childhood can also expose children to trauma and lead to increased physical and mental health disorders in the future.
Many changes were thrust upon families by the COVID-19 pandemic, including mandated quarantines, social distancing, transitions to distance learning for children, and remote work. The current study ...used mixed methods to examine the challenges and resilience of families in the United States during the pandemic (May-July 2020), as well as predictors and moderators of parent/child psychological distress. Our sample included 469 parents (459 mothers) of children aged ∼2-13 years (239 girls, 228 boys, one nonbinary child, one "prefer not to answer" selection), who completed an online survey with closed-ended and open-ended portions. The sample had middle-to-high socioeconomic status and 86% of families were White/non-Hispanic. Qualitative (content and thematic analyses) and quantitative (descriptive statistics and regressions) findings revealed that, even in this relatively privileged sample, parents and families were experiencing struggles in many life domains (e.g., family, school) and shifts in family dynamics and routines, which were related to emotional and mental health. Families experienced many changes in their lives, some positive and some negative, and often exhibited resilience through managing these changes. Our moderation analyses indicated that COVID-19's daily impact was significantly associated with psychological distress for children and parents, and this association was stronger for older versus younger children. Less active/instructive parental media mediation was also related to less child psychological distress. Moving forward, practitioners can focus on preventive efforts including psychoeducation regarding healthy outlets for negative emotions during COVID-19, and practical help troubleshooting childcare and health care challenges impacting many families.
OBJETIVO: Examinar las relaciones entre la Dinámica Familiar, la Interacción Cuidador- Niño y el Desarrollo Infantil en infantes de 29 meses o menos de edad, antes de su exposición a un programa de ...intervención temprana.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Por muestreo no probabilístico, se evaluaron diadas cuidador-niño que acudieron a un centro de promoción del desarrollo infantil en: 1) desarrollo infantil (con la prueba EDI), 2) interacción cuidador-niño (con el instrumento NCAST) o 3) dinámica familiar (con los instrumentos APGAR Familiar y ERI).
RESULTADOS: La disfunción familiar (64%), las dificultades interactivas del cuidador (54.05%) en sensibilidad (no permitir al niño explorar), responder a la angustia del niño (consolar con toques suaves, caricias, besos, etc.), en fomento al crecimiento socio-emocional (demostraciones físicas de afecto) y fomento al desarrollo cognitivo (no describir propiedades perceptibles de los materiales, utilizar lenguaje ambiguo, no usar descripciones verbales y ejemplos al enseñar al niño), y el riesgo de retraso para el desarrollo infantil (70.5%) fueron algo común. Motricidad gruesa y lenguaje fueron las áreas con mayor rezago (27% y 52%, respectivamente). Se encontraron correlaciones de la Dinámica Familiar, con la Interacción Cuidador-Niño y el Desarrollo Infantil.
CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio aporta evidencia inicial sobre la pertinencia de incluir la dinámica familiar como otra variable de evaluación/intervención para potenciar el efecto de los programas de intervención temprana.
No effect of birth order on adult risk taking Lejarraga, Tomás; Frey, Renato; Schnitzlein, Daniel D. ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
03/2019, Letnik:
116, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Does birth order shape people’s propensity to take risks? Evidence is mixed. We used a three-pronged approach to investigate birth-order effects on risk taking. First, we examined the propensity to ...take risks as measured by a self-report questionnaire administered in the German Socio-Economic Panel, one of the largest and most comprehensive household surveys. Second, we drew on data from the Basel–Berlin Risk Study, one of the most exhaustive attempts to measure risk preference. This study administered 39 risk-taking measures, including a set of incentivized behavioral tasks. Finally, we considered the possibility that birth-order differences in risk taking are not reflected in survey responses and laboratory studies. We thus examined another source of behavioral data: the risky life decision to become an explorer or a revolutionary. Findings from these three qualitatively different sources of data and analytic methods point unanimously in the same direction: We found no birth-order effects on risk taking.
A growing body of research supports the importance of ACT's therapeutic targets (i.e., dimensions of psychological flexibility and inflexibility) for promoting individual wellbeing. The current ...systematic review and meta-analysis extended that work by examining how specific dimensions of psychological flexibility and inflexibility are linked to family and romantic relationship functioning. Drawing from the ACT, mindfulness, and emotion regulation literatures, 5006 records were initially identified via PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar searches, resulting in a final set of 174 papers representing 203 distinct samples (95 romantic relationship samples, 101 family samples, and 7 samples evaluating both romantic relationship and family functioning), yielding a combined sample of 43,952 total subjects. Although the review was unable to identify sufficient numbers of studies to meta-analyze the relationship and family correlates of a subset of flexibility dimensions (contact with values, committed action, experiential avoidance, fusion, lack of contact with values, inaction), the review identified sufficient studies to meta-analyze the correlates of: acceptance, present moment awareness/mindfulness, cognitive defusion, self-as-context, global flexibility, lack of present moment awareness, self-as-content, and global inflexibility. Correspondingly, a total of 840 effects were extracted from the original studies, ultimately yielding 137 meta-analytic effects (using random effects models) that show a range of effect sizes (−0.51 to 0.61). Within families, higher levels of various forms of parental flexibility were linked to: (1) greater use of adaptive parenting strategies, (2) lower use of lax, (3) harsh, and (4) negative parenting strategies, (5) lower parenting stress/burden, (6) greater corresponding family cohesion, and (7) lower child internalizing and (8) externalizing symptoms. Within romantic relationships, higher levels of various forms of psychological inflexibility were linked to: (1) lower relationship satisfaction for themselves and (2) their partners, (3) lower sexual satisfaction and (4) emotional supportiveness, as well as (5) higher negative conflict, (6) physical aggression, (7) attachment anxiety, and (8) attachment avoidance. Taken as a set, these results suggest that psychological flexibility and inflexibility may play key roles both in couples and families to shape how individuals interact with the people closest to them.
•A comprehensive review identified 174 relevant papers (N = 43,952 subjects).•Mindful flexibility was linked to rewarding family/relationship dynamics.•Flexibility was also linked to stronger connections in families & relationships.•Psychological inflexibility was linked to conflict and harsh/negative dynamics.•Parental inflexibility was linked to parenting stress & poorer child functioning.
Cancer Genetic Counseling (CGC) and genetic testing (GT) assume a paramount role for hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome families. We assessed the effects of CGC and GT on women affected by ...cancer who are at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer predisposition syndrome (HBOC).
This study encompasses four time points: before the CGC session, after the CGC session when blood is drawn for GT, after disclosure of GT results, and six months following disclosure of GT results. The impacts of CGC and GT were assessed using psychosocial questionnaires. Additionally, a pedigree, genogram, and ecomap were constructed through a semistructured interview.
A total of sixty women were included in the study. Most participants considered their perception of cancer risk to be equivalent to that of the general population, even among those with pathogenic variants. An increased perception of breast and ovarian cancer risks was associated with a heightened inclination toward religious engagement as a coping mechanism. Patients carrying variants of uncertain significance expressed greater concerns about developing another cancer compared to those who had
and
wild type or pathogenic variants. Qualitative analysis of the genograms and ecomaps demonstrated that the CGC/GT processes facilitate communication within families. The genogram analyses revealed the impact of CGC and GT processes on families at risk for hereditary cancer. Changes in some family relationships were observed, and an improvement in communication was noted following the GT process.
These findings can assist healthcare professionals considering a personalized approaches in clinical practice.
The authors investigated whether trends in attitudes about gender were consistent with the gender stall primarily occurring in the family domain and examined potential mechanisms associated with ...changing gender norms. Using data from Monitoring the Future surveys (1976–2015), the authors assessed three components of trends in youth's beliefs about gender: the marketplace, the family, and mothers' employment. Findings showed continued increases in egalitarianism from 1976 through the mid‐1990s across all three dimensions. Thereafter, support for egalitarianism in the public sphere plateaued at high levels, rising support for mothers' employment persisted at a slower pace, and conventional ideology about gender in families returned. The changing demographic composition of American high school students did not account for the gender attitude trends. Youth's mothers' employment and increased education were related to increased egalitarianism. Changes in population averages of mothers' employment and educational attainment were only weakly associated with increases in egalitarian attitudes.
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