Abstract Background “Calling for help, performing first aid and providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)” is part of the educational goals in secondary schools in Belgium (Flanders). However, ...for teachers it is not always clear at what age children can be taught which aspects of first aid. In addition, it is not clear what constitutes “performing first aid” and we strongly advocate that the first aid curriculum is broader than CPR training alone. Objectives To develop an evidence-based educational pathway to enable the integration of first aid into the school curriculum by defining the goals to be achieved for knowledge, skills and attitudes, for different age groups. Methods Studies were identified through electronic databases research (The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase). We included studies on first aid education for children and adolescents up to 18 years old. A multidisciplinary expert panel formulated their practice experience and expert opinion and discussed the available evidence. Results We identified 5822 references and finally retained 30 studies (13 experimental and 17 observational studies), including studies concerning emergency call (7 studies), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18 studies), AED (Automated External Defibrillator) use (6 studies), recovery position (5 studies), choking (2 studies), injuries (5 studies), and poisoning (2 studies). Recommendations (educational goals) were derived after carefully discussing the currently available evidence in the literature and balancing the skills and attitudes of children of different ages. Conclusions An evidence-based educational pathway with educational goals concerning learning first aid for each age group was developed. This educational pathway can be used for the integration of first aid training in school curricula.
Background: The basic training for ASHA workers in Tamil Nadu include a module on Non-Communicable diseases with inadequate focus on Mental Health. As a part of the Community Based Assessment ...Checklist, ASHAs are trained in administration of Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to screen for depression. However, there is significant gap in the primary prevention of depression in the communities in terms of screening, basic counselling services and knowledge and attitude among community health workers Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of capacity building of Community Health Workers in screening for depression and suicide risk and provision of Psychological First Aid Services Methodology: 117 Community Health Workers including ASHAs, AWWs, ANMs, WHVs, VHNs and UHNs were trained in WHO Psychological First Aid, PHQ-9 administration and WHO MhGAP 10 questions on suicide risk screening in Thiruvannamalai, Vellore and Tiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu Results: Of the 1371 individuals screened, 13.18% were positive for depression and 38% were positive for atleast one suicide risk. The most common suicide risk observed was chronic pain followed by extreme hopelessness. PHQ-9 and Suicide risk assessment was easy to administer among ANM, VHN and UHNs. However, ASHAs and Women Health Volunteers reported that PHQ-2/WHO Wellbeing Index was an easier tool to use in the field. Psychological First Aid training can be easily delivered by non-medical professionals to health workers. Conclusion: Community Health Workers can provide primary prevention in mental health by provision of Psychological First Aid to their community. Depression screening should be simplified by PHQ-2/WHO Well being index
Massive bleeding and wound infection after tissue trauma are the major dangerous factors of casualties in disasters; hence, first‐aid supplies that can greatly achieve wound closure and effectively ...control the hemorrhage and infection are urgently needed. Although existing tissue adhesives can adhere to the tissue surfaces and achieve rapid wound closure, most of them have limited hemostatic and antibacterial capacities, making them unsuitable as the first‐aid tissue adhesives. In this study, inspired by the inherent hemostatic and antibacterial capacities of chitosan and the excellent tissue integration capacity originating from a Schiff base reaction, liquid bandage (LBA), an in situ imine crosslinking‐based photoresponsive chitosan hydrogel (NB‐CMC/CMC hydrogel), is developed for emergency wound management. Upon UV irradiation, o‐nitrobenzene in modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) converts to o‐nitrosobenzaldehyde that subsequently crosslinks with amino groups on tissue surface, which endows the LBA with superior tissue adhesive performance. LBA's hemostatic and antibacterial properties can be tuned by the mass ratio of NB‐CMC/CMC. Moreover, it exhibits satisfactory biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the capability to enhance wound healing process. This study sheds new light on the development of a multifunctional hydrogel‐based first‐aid tissue adhesive that can achieve robust tissue adhesion, effectively control bleeding, prevent bacterial infection, and promote wound healing.
A liquid bandage (LBA), a photoresponsive chitosan‐based hydrogel with robust adhesive, hemostatic, and antibacterial performances as a first‐aid tissue adhesive, is developed. It is a facile preparation/operation for trauma emergencies. This LBA achieves faster tissue integration (<10 s) and stronger adhesive strength (up to 97.65 kPa) than most of the recently developed hydrogel‐based tissue adhesives.
Suicide continues to pose a significant global public health challenge and ranks as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Given the prevalence of suicide risk in the community, there is a ...significant likelihood of encountering individuals who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts or plans, creating an opening for non-health professionals to offer support. This study aims to culturally adapt the original Australian Mental Health First Aid Guidelines for suicide risk to the Chilean and Argentine context.
A two-round Delphi expert consensus study was conducted involving two panels, one comprising individuals with personal experience in suicide thoughts/attempts or caregiving for those with such experiences (n = 18), and the other consisting of professionals specialized in suicide assessment and support for individuals at risk (n = 25). They rated a total of 179 items mainly derived from guidelines developed by Australian experts and translated into Spanish (168), and new items included by the research team (11). The panel members were requested to assess each item utilizing a five-point Likert scale. During the second round, items that received moderate approval in the initial round were re-evaluated, and new items suggested by the local experts in the first round were also subjected to evaluation in the next round. Inclusion in the final guidelines required an 80% endorsement as "essential" or "important" from both panels.
Consensus of approval was reached for 189 statements. Among these, 139 statements were derived from the English-language guidelines, while 50 locally generated statements were accepted during the second round. A significant difference from the original guideline was identified concerning the local experts' reluctance to discuss actions collaboratively with adolescents. Furthermore, the local experts proposed the inclusion of an entirely new section addressing suicide risk in older individuals, particularly focusing on suicide methods and warning signs.
A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted to culturally adapt mental health first aid guidelines for assessing suicide risk in Chile and Argentina. This study involved professionals and individuals with lived experience. While many items were endorsed, some related to inquiring about suicide risk and autonomy, particularly for adolescents, were not. An additional section for older individuals was introduced. Future research should explore the implementation and impact of these adapted guidelines in training courses. This is vital for enhancing mental health support and implementing effective suicide prevention strategies in Chile and Argentina.
Suicide is a major public health concern in Brazil, with nearly 115,000 Brazilians dying by suicide in 2010-2019. As support for individuals at risk of suicide may come from the community, ...particularly family and friends, it is fundamental that evidence-based programs or resources to improve such support are in place when needed. This study aimed to culturally adapt the mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person at risk of suicide used in English-speaking countries for Brazil.
A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted among a diverse range of Brazilian health professionals and individuals with lived experience of suicide (n = 60). A total of 161 items from the mental health first aid questionnaire used in English-speaking countries were translated and used in the Brazilian questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate the appropriateness of those items to the Brazilian culture and to recommend any new items when appropriate.
Data were collected over two survey rounds. Consensus was achieved on 145 items. While 123 out of 161 items were adopted from the English guidelines, 22 new endorsed items were created from the expert panel comments.
Even though there were similarities among the Brazilian and English-language guidelines, the adapted guidelines incorporated actions that were specific to the Brazilian culture, such as new items emphasising the role of family and friends. Further research is warranted on dissemination and uptake of the guidelines in Brazil as well as research into incorporation of the guidelines into Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training for Brazil.
This present study examined the effectiveness of the Psychological First Aid (PFA) e-orientation as well as face-to-face PFA orientation among the general population in Muntinlupa City, the ...Philippines. The e-orientation group consisted of 150 participants who received a two-hour PFA e-orientation (male: 47, female: 97, others: 6, mean age: 33.4 (SD = 12.1)), the face-to-face (F2F) group consisted of 139 participants who received a two-hour face-to-face PFA orientation (male: 41, female: 95, others: 3, mean age: 35.0 (SD = 13.8)), and the control group consisted of 117 participants who received a two-hour face-to-face health promotion orientation for obesity (male: 48, female: 65, others: 4, mean age: 34.2 (SD = 13.8)). In order to see the effect of these interventions, the confidence to provide PFAs was compared between the pre- and post-interventions in each group with paired t-tests. Further, the number of correct answers regarding the knowledge on PFA was also compared between the pre- and post-interventions utilizing a McNemar test. The results demonstrated that the mean scores on the confidence increased significantly in the e-orientation (pre: 25.1 (SD = 4.7), post: 26.1 (SD = 5.3), p = 0.02) and F2F (pre: 26.2 (SD = 6.0), post: 29.6 (SD = 6.9), p < 0.01) groups. Regarding knowledge on PFA, in the e-orientation group, the number of those who answered correctly increased significantly in a question (pre: 10, post: 24, p = 0.01), and there was a trend for improvement in another question (pre: 63, post: 76, p = 0.06). In the F2F group, the number of those who answered correctly increased significantly in two questions (pre: 21, post: 38, p < 0.01, and pre: 5, post: 14, p = 0.05), and there were trends for improvement in two questions (pre: 69, post: 82, p = 0.06, and pre: 17, post: 27, p = 0.09), while in the control group, there were no significant differences in any of the questions between pre- and post-intervention. The results suggest that both the PFA e-orientation and face-to-face orientation are effective for the general population in terms of increasing confidence and knowledge related to PFA.
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