•The effect of COVID-19 on socio-economic implications and the impact of lockdown on the food supply chain and agri-business.•We have analyzed some supply chain barriers due to COVID-19 and the ...economic effects of COVID-19 in real-estate firms, the tourism sector, or worldwide GDP growth.•We have summarized some recovery strategies for the food industry that may reduce the food supply chain's economic losses in the pandemic situation.•We discussed the public distribution system (PDS) under reviving strategy, and the recovery food supply framework is proposed to overcome COVID-19 impact by highlighting fundamental activities.
The COVID virus epidemic has produced another era on the planet while we sort out the outcomes in various parts of our everyday life. The food industry and food supply chain do not incorporate an exception. Considering a food supply chain, the business activities and supply of various food products have been suspended due to restriction of demand, closing the food production facilities, financial restrictions.
According to the spreadability of the pandemic, every nation must understand the seriousness of the circumstance. This work aims to discuss the effect of COVID-19 on socioeconomic implications and the impact of lockdown on the food supply chain and agri-business. The paper also summarizes the suggestions needed to control and deduce the impact of COVID-19. For now, the chance of transmission through the food area is viewed as immaterial, and following Covid in workspaces isn't considered as a need by public authorities. However, the unfriendly impacts on the climate, food frameworks and individuals along the food store network are obvious.
A food supply chain facilities should concentrate on facilities like maintenance of employees' safety and health, change of conditions in working. To prevent the increment of food prices, the protectionist policy should avoid. We have also suggested a PDS system to overcome food supply chain disruption. In conclusion, the supply chain should respond and overcome the challenging situation in the food supply chain.
Food supply will need to increase by around 70% from its current levels in order to meet the world population growth of 9.6 billion by 2050. Food waste is the biggest challenge in global food ...security, wherein approximately 20–30% of food waste occurs in the post-harvest stage of the food supply chain (FSC) in developing countries. This food waste generates significant negative environmental effects in addition to the unnecessary usage (and wastage) of resources consumed in producing the wasted food. Whilst India is the major producer and exporter of many agricultural crops, there is a lack of research that evaluates the environmental impact of the Indian FSCs. The environmental impact of the same product varies according to the resources consumed and so it is important that the environmental impact of individual supply chains be considered. Also, there is a lack of studies that uses the result of environmental impact assessment to identify the operational and resource inefficiencies in FSC and develop a framework for sustainable FSC. Thus, this study aims to identify operational and resource inefficiencies present in FSC through environmental impact assessment and propose a framework for redesigning the FSC to improve environmental sustainability. Life cycle assessment approach is used for assessing the environmental impact. This framework has been applied to a mango food supply chain.
•Assessed the environmental impact of the Indian mango food supply chain (FSC).•Identified operational and resource inefficiencies in Indian mango FSC.•Proposed a framework for redesign of FSC for environmental sustainability.•Opportunity for reducing environmental impact is showed using sensitivity analysis.
Supply chain management (SCM), product traceability, and product quality certification are some of the initial prominent uses of blockchain technology. This is because blockchain technology is built ...on trust and cannot be changed. The popularity of blockchain technology is increasing as it is trustworthy and cannot be changed; hence making traceability easier for information such as where food came from, thus essential for managing the agricultural food supply chain (SC). On the contrary, suggested SCM systems premised on smart contract technology and blockchain tend to be specifically apply to production and production processes. Through qualitative research, this paper suggests framework for adoption of smart contracts based on Ethereum in the agri-food SC, with the aim to establish means to adopt blockchain for checking food quality and origins in the agri-food supply chain. Remix IDE is utilised to build and test the smart contract. The significance of the framework is realised through ensuring the traceability of product safety and quality.
•Use of blockchain remains limited despite it promises.•Boundary conditions should be met before blockchain can be used.•Blockchain technology requires standardization and data governance.•Blockchain ...use requires organizational transformations.•Blockchain can result in more information sharing.
Traceability of ingredients in food supply chains has become paramount in a world in which markets become global, heterogeneous, and complex and in which consumers expect a high level of quality. The food supply chain consists of many organizations having different interests and are often reluctant to share traceability information with each other. Blockchain has been advocated for improving traceability by providing trust. Yet, practice proved to be more stubborn. The goal of this paper is to identify boundary conditions for sharing assurance information to improve traceability. Four cases in the food supply chain have been investigated using a template analysis of 16 interviews. Eighteen boundary conditions categorized in business, regulation, quality and traceability categories have been identified. Some boundary conditions were found in all supply chains, whereas others were found to be supply chain specific. Standardization of traceability processes and interfaces, having a joint platform and independent governance were found to be key boundary conditions before blockchain can be used. Our findings imply that supply chain systems have first to be modified and organizational measures need to be taken to fulfill the boundary conditions, before blockchain can be used successfully.
An outbreak of deadly COVID-19 virus has not only taken the lives of people but also severely crippled the economy. Due to strict lockdown, the manufacturing and logistics activities have been ...suspended, and it has affected the demand and supply of various products as a result of restrictions imposed on shopkeepers and retailers. Impacts of COVID-19 are observed ubiquitously in every type of units from different sectors. In this study, a simulation model of the public distribution system (PDS) network is developed with three different scenarios to demonstrate disruptions in the food supply chain. Difficulties have been increased in matching supply and demand in a vast network of PDS because of changing scenarios with the growth of infected cases and recovery. This paper also highlights the importance of a resilient supply chain during a pandemic. Our proposed simulation model can help in developing a resilient and responsive food supply chain to match the varying demand, and then further assist in providing decision-making support for rerouting the vehicles as per travel restrictions in areas. Paper has been summarised with significant highlights and including future research scope for developing a more robust food supply chain network.
PurposeThis study aims to the development of the scale of supply chain performance measures (SCPMs), food supply chain resilience (FSCS) and sustainable corporate performance (SCP) in small- and ...medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging market. Based on this purpose, the study examines the relationships between SCPMs and SCP by exploring the mediating role of FSCS in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachBased on a comprehensive literature review on the SCPMs, FSCS and SCP, the author evaluates the nexus of these constructs on disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency in an emerging market. The article follows a quantitative approach. A total of 567 valid responses from managers at senior and middle levels were received and used for data analysis. The Smart PLS version 3.3.2 was employed to analyse Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate the relationships between constructs and latent variables.FindingsThis study provides some theoretical contributions to expand the extant literature on the domain of SCPMs. First, the findings determine that multidimensional measures of flexibility, diversity, agility, inventory efficiency, redundancy and robustness are appropriate for measuring food SC performance in disruptions during the COVID-19 emergency. Besides, this study enriches the existing literature on SC disruption by providing extensive empirical evidence on SCPMs in disruptions during the COVID-19 emergency. Finally, this research provides an integrated empirical model that explores the link between the identified food SCPMs to FSCS and SCP.Originality/valueThe contributions may be of interest to business practitioners, business leaders and academics. In addition, this study provides empirical evidence to demonstrate that food SC performance, as measured by these measures, is strongly related to the firm's food supply chain resilience. This is the novel contribution of this study to the current literature on food SC management. Furthermore, this study provides further empirical evidence demonstrating the partial mediating role of the firm's food supply chain resilience in the nexus between food SC performance and SCP. The unique contribution of this study is an extension of the body of knowledge of SC management literature from a comprehensive approach by providing a proven set of performance measures of SC management to which it can drive SC resilience and SCP for food manufacturing SMEs in an emerging economy that hardly found in the current literature.
Blockchain is an emerging digital technology allowing ubiquitous financial transactions among distributed untrusted parties, without the need of intermediaries such as banks. This article examines ...the impact of blockchain technology in agriculture and food supply chain, presents existing ongoing projects and initiatives, and discusses overall implications, challenges and potential, with a critical view over the maturity of these projects. Our findings indicate that blockchain is a promising technology towards a transparent supply chain of food, with many ongoing initiatives in various food products and food-related issues, but many barriers and challenges still exist, which hinder its wider popularity among farmers and systems. These challenges involve technical aspects, education, policies and regulatory frameworks.
•Discussion of the impact of blockchain in agriculture and food supply chains.•Presentation of many ongoing existing projects and initiatives.•The maturity level of these projects is analyzed.•Blockchain is a promising technology towards a transparent supply chain of food.•Existing challenges involve accessibility, governance, technical aspects, policies and regulatory frameworks.
11•Changes in the composition of waste generated during COVID-19 presents considerable new challenges.11•Ensuring safe waste management practices should be a part of emergency response services ...during COVID-19 crisis.11•Temporary relaxation on use of single-use plastic during COVID-19 crises could impact consumer's behavior.11•Shift to automated waste treatment systems will reduce the risk of transmission.11•Building localized robust supply chains could help fight possible future pandemics.
The crisis brought upon by the COVID-19 pandemic has altered global waste generation dynamics and therefore has necessitated special attention. The unexpected fluctuations in waste composition and quantity also require a dynamic response from policymakers. This study highlights the challenges faced by the solid waste management sector during the pandemic and the underlying opportunities to fill existing loopholes in the system. The study presents specific cases for biomedical waste, plastic waste, and food waste management - all of which have been a major cause of concern during this crisis. Further, without active citizen participation and cooperation, commingled virus-laden biomedical waste with the regular solid waste stream pose significant negative health and safety issues to sanitation workers. Single-use plastic usage is set to bounce back due to growing concerns of hygiene, particularly from products used for personal protection and healthcare purposes. It is expected that household food waste generation may reduce due to increased conscious buying of more non-perishable items during lockdown and due to concerns of food shortage. However, there is a chance of increase in food waste from the broken supply chains such as food items getting stuck on road due to restriction in vehicle movements, lack of workers in the warehouse for handling the food products, etc. The study also stresses the need for building localized resilient supply chains to counter such situations during future pandemics. While offering innovative solutions to existing waste management challenges, the study also suggests some key recommendations to the policymakers to help handle probable future pandemics if any holistically.
The increasing demand for food, both in terms of quantity and quality, has raised the need for intensification and industrialisation of the agricultural sector. The “Internet of Things” (IoT) is a ...highly promising family of technologies which is capable of offering many solutions towards the modernisation of agriculture. Scientific groups and research institutions, as well as the industry, are in a race trying to deliver more and more IoT products to the agricultural business stakeholders, and, eventually, lay the foundations to have a clear role when IoT becomes a mainstream technology. At the same time Cloud Computing, which is already very popular, and Fog Computing provide sufficient resources and solutions to sustain, store and analyse the huge amounts of data generated by IoT devices. The management and analysis of IoT data (“Big Data”) can be used to automate processes, predict situations and improve many activities, even in real-time. Moreover, the concept of interoperability among heterogeneous devices inspired the creation of the appropriate tools, with which new applications and services can be created and give an added value to the data flows produced at the edge of the network. The agricultural sector was highly affected by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies and is expected to be equally benefited by the IoT. In this article, a survey of recent IoT technologies, their current penetration in the agricultural sector, their potential value for future farmers and the challenges that IoT faces towards its propagation is presented.
•IoT and Cloud solutions introduced in agriculture are presented.•Widely used sensors in agricultural deployments are surveyed.•The potential of interoperable software use and adoption of IoT is discussed.•Ongoing challenges and future perspectives of IoT in agriculture are discussed.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of critical success factors in Short Food Supply Chain (SFSC). The study presents a small farmers' cross-cultural analysis - two Italian and two ...Brazilian milk and dairy producers - that shortened their Food Supply Chain (FSC) to get closer to the consumers and to deliver products with high quality and traceability, and at the same time increase profits. The reduction of distances and the elimination of intermediaries, solely, may increase production earnings in the SFSC, but it does not assure a long-term position in food markets. Success factors for SFSC were identified and retrieved from the literature and presented to three Italian and three Brazilian experts in FSC for analyzing each case. It was found that producers had cultural difficulties for SFSC model adoption, but economic reasons as cutting costs of transportation and elimination of intermediary agents justified their initiatives. However, consolidation of SFSC implementation still requires environmental protection efforts linked to better production processes in small farms, and health safeguards for consumers, as well as the preservation of the cultural heritage associated with the region of origin of the production.
•SFSC reduces distances in food supply chains as well as other rural activities.•The literature mentions nine critical success factors in implementing SFSC.•The study assessed the role of the critical factors in four cross-cultural cases.•Specialists highlighted that much is to be done for genuine SFSC consolidation.•The main gaps are environmental care in small farms and consumers' health safeguard.
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