Recovery of N deriving from fertilizer (%) in peach organs subjected to the application of 40 kg N ha−1 in its urea form at budding (100 % of the dose at budding - 100B) and split into two doses (50 ...% of the dose at budding and 50 % at flowering - 50B + 50F).
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•Residual urea nitrogen was found in the soil after two years.•Higher N deriving from fertilizer in leaves and fruits when the dose is split.•Most N found in trees is from sources other than nitrogen fertilizer.
Nitrogen (N) fertilizers such as urea are applied to peach orchards worldwide whenever the soil cannot meet plants’ N demand. However, the actual nutritional contribution of different N supply modes applied to peach crops, or the contribution of residual N in the subsequent cycle, is yet to be fully known. The current study aims to assess the annual and residual urea N contribution to the nutrition of peach trees grown under subtropical climate. Forty kilograms of N per hectare supplied as enriched urea (3.0 at. % 15N), were applied to peach in full production at a single rate (100 % at budding) or split in two rates (50 % at budding and 50 % at flowering). Total 15N and N concentrations in the application year and in the year after treatments were assessed in peach leaves throughout the cycle, in fruits (pulp and stone) at harvest and in stratified soil samples. Total 15N, N concentrations and total dry mass were measured in annual and perennial tree organs in the year after treatment application. Peach trees evidenced higher N deriving from fertilizer (NDFF) in leaves and fruits (pulp and stone) in the year N was applied to the soil, as well as in the following year when N application was split into two rates. The highest NDFF amounts recorded in the year following N application were observed in leaves and fruits (annual organs) and thick roots (perennial organ), mainly when N was splitted. However, mainly in the year following its application, due to the small residual N, the N found in trees derived from sources other than N fertilizer; this justifies annual N applications, whenever necessary. The cultivation of cover crops and the preservation of organic matter could help N peach nutrition that seems to take advantage more of residual N in soil than on fertilizers.
The purpose of the article is to present the periodicals that discussed issues of cultivation, fruit farming, horticulture and animal breeding in Sandomierz. The time frame covers newspapers ...published between 1829–2022. The article consists of two parts. The first provides the titles of periodicals published in Sandomierz between 1829–1939, which addressed topics related to agriculture or livestock farming. The second part presents periodicals covering this subject matter that were printed in Sandomierz from 1945–2022. The author indicates that issues related to agriculture in Sandomierz and in the region were not only reflected in the local press published after the political transformation, but became the subject of scholarly and popular-scientific reflection.
Current knowledge on the effects of farming type and landscape heterogeneity on plant diversity is biased towards temperate ecosystems in Europe and North America, while there is a paucity of ...information for the Mediterranean agroecosystems. In particular, the Mediterranean region of Central Chile concentrates most of the country's population and have experienced the greatest agricultural changes leading to the replacement of native vegetation remnants by monocultures and livestock ranching. This study aims to analyse the effects of farming type (organic versus conventional) and landscape heterogeneity (composition and configuration), in addition with local habitat type, on semi-natural vegetation. We addressed these effects considering both native and exotic herbs at 14 fruit farms and landscape metrics at three spatial scales (0.5, 1 and 2 km). In total, we recorded 32 native and 103 exotic plant taxa. Farming type and local habitat type did not influence the diversity of native and exotic herbs. We showed that increasing landscape compositional heterogeneity (i.e. percentage of grasslands, of woody elements) increased alpha and beta diversity of native herbs at the scale of 0.5 km and 2 km. Gamma diversity of native plants responded negatively to decreasing landscape configurational heterogeneity (i.e. largest patch index) at the scale of 0.5 km. Exotic specis did not respond to landscape context. Our findings suggest that semi-natural elements in the surrounding landscape of fruit farms particularly benefited native plant species. Therefore, agri-environment schemes designed to preserve native biodiversity in Mediterranean agroecosystems must promote landscape heterogeneity through the conservation of semi-natural elements at multiple spatial scales.
Fast ripening of fruits is one of the main hindrances to peach preservation. Even though the use of cold storage has extended commercialization periods, fruit quality is affected during storage. This ...study aimed at evaluating the influence of application of salicylic acid (SA) during cold storage, followed by commercialization simulation, regarding physical and chemical characteristics of 'BRS Kampai' peaches, which were harvested in the 2017 crop. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design (4×3: SA concentrations × storage days), with four replications of ten fruits each. SA was applied at the following concentrations: 0, 2, 4 and 6 mM. Afterwards, fruits were submitted to cold storage at 1+-0.5 degreesC and 80-85% relative humidity. Analyses were carried out on harvest day, on the 10th cold storage day, followed by a day at room temperature (20 degreesC) and on the 20th cold storage day, followed by a day at room temperature. Fruits were evaluated in terms of their mass loss, epidermis color, chromatic hue, pulp firmness, soluble solids (SS), pH and titratable acidity (TA). Both application of SA and cold storage contributed to decrease mass loss and TA, besides increasing the SS/TA relation. Fruits which were stored for 20 days and kept at room temperature for a day exhibited the highest values of SS and the lowest values of both brightness and pulp firmness. SA was efficient to maintain the quality of 'BRS Kampai' peaches submitted to cold storage for 10 and 20 days and an extra day of commercialization simulation.
Abstract This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for C. capitata in commercial orchards of guava. 90 McPhail traps were randomly installed in three guava orchards in a transverse ...direction for 23 weeks. The data were submitted to sequential probability ratio test. Adopted the average of 0.3 C. capitata for the level of security and 0.7 for the control action. In this sequential sampling plan was defined the average number of 0.40 adults of C. capitata for each trap McPhail (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of C. capitata population in guava farming.
Techniques for measuring leaf area are basic for evaluating plant growth in the mango. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the leaf area of the ‘Palmer’ mango using mathematical models ...proposed by the present study, and compare the results of the proposed models with models available in the literature for other mango cultivars. The mango leaf was simulated as a function of leaf length (L) and width (W) using two distinct geometric models: an ellipse and a rosacea petal. Models found in the literature and determined for other cultivars, were also tested. The values for leaf area were obtained using the ImageJ software and taken at their actual value; these were later compared with the values achieved by the geometric models. The models were tested for quality of prediction through cross-validation. The models proposed in the present study were not superior to the best models found in the literature. The model LA = 3.80 + 0.67 (LW) achieved the best performance, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.78%. Using only length, the best model was LA = 0.0142C2 + 6.1902C - 49.444, with a MAPE of 4.07%. The use of mathematical models proved to be a suitable option for estimating leaf area in the ‘Palmer’ mango. Moreover, the use of R2 as the only form of model quality assessment can lead to errors in choosing the best model.
This article examines the process of labor exploitation in mango fruit farming in the Philippines. It provides a case study based on primary data collected through key informant interviews as well as ...secondary data. The article argues that contemporary mango fruit farming remains within the conventional labor dynamics inherited from historical capitalist domination and exploitation. The drive for transformative development has favored orchard owners and financiers leaving aside laborers’ well-being, welfare, and safety nets. Moreover, the ideological normalization of laborers’ dire conditions has led to acceptance of whatever conditions are allowed by powerful actors. The plight of laborers in the mango fruit industry remains a relevant and continuing struggle that requires relentless advocacy.
The presented work deals with the spread of viticulture and fruit farming in the Middle Ages in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region in Georgia. The current state of the farming sectors mentioned and those ...pivotal moments in Georgian history that had an influence on agriculture are also considered in the article. The changes that determined the viticulture geography from the second part of the 16th century up to the present day are also discussed. The study is mainly based on the census document created in 1574. The article represents the geographic distribution patterns of vineyards and orchards, as well as wine production capacity and the fruit harvest. Retrospective mapping made it possible to restore the distribution of farms and gardens of the mentioned period and to analyse the importance of viticulture and fruit farming in the 16th century. The maps represented show spatial patterns of vineyards, gardens, and main terroirs.
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