The genus Vibrio consists of more than 100 species grouped in 14 clades that are widely distributed in aquatic environments such as estuarine, coastal waters, and sediments. A large number of species ...of this genus are associated with marine organisms like fish, molluscs and crustaceans, in commensal or pathogenic relations. In the last decade, more than 50 new species have been described in the genus Vibrio, due to the introduction of new molecular techniques in bacterial taxonomy, such as multilocus sequence analysis or fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism. On the other hand, the increasing number of environmental studies has contributed to improve the knowledge about the family Vibrionaceae and its phylogeny. Vibrio crassostreae, V. breoganii, V. celticus are some of the new Vibrio species described as forming part of the molluscan microbiota. Some of them have been associated with mortalities of different molluscan species, seriously affecting their culture and causing high losses in hatcheries as well as in natural beds. For other species, ecological importance has been demonstrated being highly abundant in different marine habitats and geographical regions. The present work provides an updated overview of the recently characterized Vibrio species isolated from molluscs. In addition, their pathogenic potential and/or environmental importance is discussed.
Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var Sangkuriang) is the main commodity that widely cultivated in Tasikmalaya City. However, farmers have difficulty because of the disease which causes death ...in fish. High mortality is suspected as a vibriosis disease by genus Vibrio because redness wounds on dead fish. The purpose of this study is to know the genus Vibrio which causes of disease in Sangkuriang catfish. 10 samples of fish were taken from Sangkuriang catfish pond culture in Kelurahan Kersanagara Tasikmalaya City which were potentially suspected of vibriosis disease. Isolation of bacteria were done on TCBS medium. Bacterial isolates were collected from fish lesion on the body surface, liver, and kidneys of catfish. Isolation were able to gained 21 isolates and then 5 isolates (VK1, VK5, VK7, VK17, and VK21) were selected based on colony morphology and Postulates Koch’s were tested. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of catfish infected by vibriosis were redness lesions/ulcers on the body surface, hemorrhagic, fluid inside stomach, and fin eroded with redness wound. Bacterial identification through biochemical test revealed the causative agent of catfish disease at brackish pond area were bacteria of the genus Vibrio (VK 1, VK 5, and VK 7), Vibrio vulnificus (VK 17 and VK 21).
Derivatives of the crustacean exoskeleton like chitin have a long history of being used as biomaterials. In the BONE/CRAB lab, the blue claw crab exoskeleton is our biomaterial of choice for a ...possible bone implant material. The blue claw crustacean, Callinectes sapidus, is found in the Chesapeake Bay. Chitinolytic bacteria, such as those belonging to the Vibrio and Bacillus genera, are common to marine crustaceans. Previous in vitro studies in our lab indicated that bacterial contamination is a major concern. One of the fundamental considerations with the use of an implant biomaterial is sterilization. Materials implanted into the human body must be sterile to avoid subsequent infection or other more serious consequences. An effective sterilization method strikes a balance between the required sterility level and minimum detrimental effect on the properties of the biomaterial while being cost-effective, simple, and readily available. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify bacterial contaminants and develop the best sterilization method for those bacteria found on blue claw crab exoskeleton. Bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus were identified based on bacterial growth morphologies of dry, dull, raised, rough, and white-grey appearance on LB agar. Bacillus members form endospores which are difficult to eliminate and poses a significant concern for implantable materials. There was no bacterial growth on the TCBS agar plates which is a differential and selective media for Vibrio species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted to measure the effectiveness of 70% isopropyl alcohol, povidone-iodine, and household bleach against the bacteria found. The susceptibility tests revealed sensitivities towards the compounds studied. Bacterial identification and susceptibility provide vital guidance to the best method to sterilize while maintaining biological performance. Further studies will evaluate the effect the sterilization protocol has on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the implant material.
A total of 1347 bacteria isolated from environments and intestinal tracts of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, along with feeds, were examined for the antibacterial activity against four ...fish pathogens. As a result, 142, 22, 20 and 17 isolates inhibited the growth of P. piscicida K-III, V. vulnificus RIMD 2219009, E. seriolicida ATCC 49156 and V. anguillarum ATCC 19264, respectively, and 8.3-30.9% of isolates belonging to Aeromonas, Bacillus, coryneforms, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Vibrio showed activities against one of the four target bacteria. Antibacterial producers were detected at low densities and occurrence in rearing water, bottom sands and feeds, while those accounted for 59% of vibrios isolated from fish intestines. This result strongly suggests that antibacterial producers could not control fish pathogen efficiently in aquaria of Japanese flounder.
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