For geographical imagination systems Bergmann, Luke; Lally, Nick
Annals of the American Association of Geographers,
01/2021, Letnik:
111, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
For many, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and related libraries for programming languages define the terrain of geographical computing today. But what if GIS were locales within wider realms of ...geographical imagination systems (gis), realms more adequate to diverse theoretical commitments of geographical thought? Examining how various thinkers in spatial theory have conceived of phenomena, space, knowledge, and their entanglements, this article advocates for geographical imagination systems that change the infrastructures of geographical computation and broaden its associated objects of intellectual inquiry. In doing so, it centers questions such as: What if knowledge were understood as interpreted experience? What if phenomena were represented as individuated out of process and internal relations? What if spaces and coordinates were coproduced with phenomena? Interludes juxtapose such considerations with concrete possibilities realized by an experimental prototype geographical imagination system under development. As the article also argues, though, crucial to the future of geographic computation adequate to geographical inquiry will be diverse creative conversations in code (valued alongside and) intellectually interwoven with scholarly interventions made through mediums such as the written word.
The management of Cultural Heritage (CH) requires increasingly efficient, simple and shareable tools, methods and knowledge. In this environment, a suitable procedure was developed to transform the ...point cloud, generated by geomatics surveys, into parameterized objects. In order to obtain an object with precise geometric and physical characteristics, a three-dimensional modelling software (Rhinoceros) was used. This software, using the tools and specific plugins, has allowed the parameterization of objects. In particular, the use of the Grasshopper plugin allowed a two-way transformation of the objects between the modelling software and the BIM software (Revit). As a result, any changes to the model made in Rhinoceros were automatically made in Revit and vice versa. The paper shows the potentiality, simplicity and efficiency of the developed method in order to perform the scan-to-HBIM process. This approach was applied to a religious building, located in Italy, belonging to the Cultural Heritage.
Web‐based geographic information systems (WebGIS) are increasingly common and accessed by various types of users. However, evaluating their usability is hard, as interactions with the map and ...provided functionality can be complex. We present a novel approach to remotely assess WebGIS usability and identify design flaws by logging user interface (UI) interactions and applying pattern mining techniques to the resulting datasets. We conducted an online user study with 40 participants in a realistic WebGIS scenario to validate the approach. The results show that applying this concept can provide insights into user strategies and can reveal usability issues, which can help to improve UIs for WebGIS. Designers can use the methods presented here to assess the usability of their WebGIS rapidly and at scale without carrying out expensive and lengthy in‐person user studies. This article also contributes to a better understanding of the challenges and limitations of remotely conducted usability evaluations for WebGIS.
BackgroundUrban green spaces have been linked to different health benefits, but longitudinal studies on the effect of green spaces on mental health are sparse and evidence often inconclusive. Our ...objective was to study the effect of changes in green spaces in the residential environment on changes in mental health using data with 10 years of follow-up (2004–2014).MethodsData from 3175 Dutch adults were linked to accessibility and availability measures of green spaces at three time points (2004/2011/2014). Mental health was measured with the Mental Health Inventory-5. Fixed effects analyses were performed to assess the effect of changes in green spaces on mental health.ResultsCross-sectional analysis of baseline data showed significant associations between Euclidean distances to the nearest green space and mental health, with an increase of 100 m correlating with a lower mental health score of approximately 0.5 (95% CI −0.87 to −0.12) on a 0–100 scale. Fixed effects models showed no evidence for associations between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health both for the entire sample as well as for those that did not relocate during follow-up.ConclusionsDespite observed cross-sectional correlations between the accessibility of green space in the residential environment and mental health, no evidence was found for an association between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health. If mental health and green spaces are indeed causally linked, then changes in green spaces in the Eindhoven area between 2004 and 2014 are not enough to produce a significant effect.
OpenStreetMap (OSM), a widely‐used open‐source geographic information system platform, provides a vast geographic dataset in which users contribute both geometric information (nodes, ways, and ...relations) and semantic information (tags). This method of voluntary contributions is governed by the collective effort of the users. It is widely acknowledged that the quantity of tag information is substantial, but its quality is often poor. Researchers are therefore trying to assess the quality of the tags and enhance the data through various integration experiments. This article investigates the validity of the tags for geographical objects in metropolitan areas using municipal data and a reverse geocoding technique. The proposed method evaluates the data quality and the matching process carried out by reverse geocoding, using municipal points of interest as a reference. The accuracy of the tag and address information and road network centrality metrics were assessed for the OSM objects that were matched to the locations of interest. The tags were found to match the points of interest with an accuracy of 88%. Furthermore, the tag values were categorized and analyzed based on their similarity. It is concluded that in metropolitan settings where centers of interest are closely located, the accuracy of tags and addresses tends to decrease.
This article presents the development of a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) workflow that harvests high‐volume and high‐frequency near real‐time data from a public General Transit Feed ...Specification (GTFS) and calculates metrics for the assessment of on‐time and route speed performance for a public transit system. The approach is applied to near real‐time and static GTFS data collected over a 9‐month period for the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The workflow uses two Azure Virtual Machines (VMs), one to harvest the data and the other to process observations in parallel using Python and the ArcGIS API libraries. A Web GIS application is described that queries data from MongoDB to visualize the performance results in spatiotemporal form. The purpose of the workflow and Web GIS application is to provide actionable information to transit planners to improve public transportation systems. The data management and analysis workflow is transferable to similar GTFS data from other cities.
Geographic information system navigation services are now incorporating psychological well‐being as a factor when devising navigation routes. However, challenges such as limited data, method ...generalizability, and subjective human perception remain unresolved. Therefore, a general humanized path‐navigation method that effectively quantifies human emotional perception demands is required. In this study, we designed a deep learning model using a large, crowdsourced dataset to predict emotional responses to street‐view images. Our method enhances urban path planning, thus providing comprehensive emotional benefits. Our approach and several goal‐oriented methods were applied in Nanjing, and the findings were compared via comparative analyses and questionnaire surveys. The results confirmed that our proposed method outperforms utilitarian goal‐driven path planning methods in terms of subjective perception. This study provides a widely available technique for high‐quality navigation planning that meets psychological perception needs and offers a valuable guidance for the research on humanized geographic information services.
Rahim, A.; Soeprobowati, T.R.; Putranto, T.T.; Hadiyanto, H., and Alfalah, M.H., 2024. Investigating the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystems: A bibliometric analysis from ...2013 to 2023.Mangroves are essential to the stability of coastal regions, especially when facing the threat of climate change. However, deforestation, land use changes, and rising sea levels destroy mangrove forests. Based on bibliometric analysis, this paper aims to gain insight into the impact of climate and land use changes on mangroves. By searching Scopus, 534 pieces of literature from 2013 to 2023 were found, and they were analyzed based on bibliometric information and article metadata. Trends and hotspots of the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove research were explored using VOSviewer software. The results of a network co-occurrence analysis revealed that mangroves, climate change, land use change, blue carbon, and wetlands represent the most popular central areas of study. The results of this paper show that the countries with the greatest number of publications on mangroves and climate and land use changes are the United States, Australia, India, Indonesia, and China. The research findings revealed that remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are the most recently used technologies to enhance the research field of ecosystem monitoring in mangrove research. Maintaining and increasing carbon sinks through sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems have been a potential priority in climate change and mangrove ecosystem research development. This research highlights trends in the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystem research over the past 10 years. It identifies areas that require further research investment to promote future research collaboration.
This study contributes to the literature on walkability measurement by proposing a hybrid auditing method that combines the efficiency of a GIS-based approach with the pedestrian perspective possible ...with Google Street View. The paper first reviews the various in-person and secondary source auditing methods that have been developed over the past decade. It then tests the feasibility of a GIS/Google Street View hybrid method against an in-person auditing method. The approach here is based on the Irvine-Minnesota Inventory (IMI), selecting 94 objectively measured items that were available and accessible using a combination of GIS and Google Street View. The goal was to test the degree to which some of the measures employed in IMI could be streamlined using GIS and Google Street View as data sources. It is concluded that the combination of information from Google Street View and updated GIS layers can be an effective way of obtaining physical environment data that is very comparable to in-person observation.
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