The story of Ni'ihau has been told many times by many people,
but Ni'ihau Place Names adds new information to the island's
history from a unique source: Hawaiian-language newspapers. From
1834 to ...1948, approximately 125,000 pages of Native Hawaiian
expression were printed in more than 100 different newspapers. John
R. K. Clark has gathered and edited a large collection of
invaluable articles that recorded daily life on Niʻihau, events and
topics of interest, and the island's place names. Additionally,
Keao NeSmith, a Native Hawaiian of Kaua'i and an applied linguist,
translator, and researcher fluent in 'ōlelo Hawai'i, translated
each passage into English. Most of these excerpts have not appeared
in any other publication. Ni'ihau is unique in the state of Hawai'i
because it is the only island that is entirely privately owned. In
1864, Kamehameha V, the monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai'i, sold the
island to the Sinclairs, a wealthy immigrant family looking to
establish a ranching business. Descendants of the Sinclairs still
own the island today. Diverse opinions about the sale of Niʻihau
were published in newspapers across the Hawaiian Islands, and this
book traces the development and aftershocks of that historic event.
Ni'ihau Place Names contains over thirty kanikau (dirges, poetic
chants) written and published from 1845 to 1931 to honor deceased
Niʻihau residents. These compositions of deep emotion are
treasuries of language, history, genealogy, cultural knowledge, and
especially place names. Another important contribution in this
volume is the identification of 'ōlelo no'eau (proverbs and
poetical sayings) with demonstrations of their use in everyday
conversation. The book is divided into two main sections. "Ni'ihau
Place Names" is an alphabetical list of prominent place names on
the island, accompanied by relevant passages in Hawaiian and their
English translations. The list also includes Lehua, the small
island near the northwest tip of Ni'ihau. "Ni'ihau History" is an
additional collection of articles that includes many lesser-known
place names and elucidates other topics deemed worthy by reporters
and contributors of the time. Following the main text, readers will
find helpful indexes of general terms, place names, and personal
names.
The article provides a linguo-cultural and linguo-pragmatic analysis of the Hispanic toponymy of Chile. Geographical names are considered from historical, geographical, and linguistic perspectives. A ...semantic classification of the Chilean Hispanic geonames is presented. Examples of hagiotoponyms, anthropotoponyms, military toponyms, descriptive, expressive toponyms, etc. are provided, and their etymology and morphological structure are analyzed. The author concludes that, in general, the toponymic system of Chile is characterized by both universal features of Latin American toponymy and unique linguo-culturological, morphological, and semantic features.
Based on selected cartographic depictions of Korčula from the early modern age, the paper examines the geographical knowledge about that island at the time the maps were made. Special attention is ...directed to the hitherto unknown map of the island of Korčula from the second half of the 16th or the first half of the 17th century, which is kept in the Archivio do Stato di Venezia, given that it shows a very detailed escription of the island of Korčula, especially its western part. The objective of this paper, using the example of the island of Korčula, is to point out the importance of cartographic renderings as an important source of spatial data and to determine whether there was a gradual improvement in the quality of the displayed geographical content in accordance with the assumed development of geographical knowledge and cartographic techniques from the beginning of the 16th century to the end of the 18th century. On the basis of the selected cartographic depictions of the island of Korčula, the significance of the island of Korčula in maritime and geographic frameworks characterized by different political interests, primarily that of Venice, was confirmed. The diachronic series of early modern geographical maps and nautical charts points to the gradual development of geographical knowledge about the island of Korčula, as well as to the improvement of the quality of graphical visualization of the relevant spatial data about that Croatian island.
U radu se na temelju odabranih kartografskih prikaza Korčule iz ranoga novog vijeka razmatraju geografske spoznaje o tom otoku u vrijeme izrade karata. Posebna pozornost usmjerena je na do sada nepoznatu kartu otoka Korčule iz druge polovine 16. ili prve polovine 17. st. koja se čuva u Archivio do Stato di Venezia s obzirom na to da je na njoj dan vrlo detaljan prikaz otoka Korčule, posebno njegovoga zapadnog dijela. Cilj je ovoga rada na primjeru otoka Korčule uputiti na važnost kartografskih prikaza kao važnog izvora prostornih podatka te utvrditi je li došlo do postupnoga unaprjeđenja kvalitete prikazanoga geografskog sadržaja u skladu s pretpostavljenim razvojem geografskih spoznaja i kartografskih tehnika od početka 16. st. do kraja 18. st. Na temelju odabranih kartografskih prikaza otoka Korčule potvrđeno je značenje otoka Korčule u pomorsko-geografskim okvirima obilježenim različitim političkim interesima, ponajprije Venecije. Dijakronijski niz ranonovovjekovnim geografskih i pomorskih karata upućuje na postupni razvoj geografskih spoznaja o otoku Korčuli kao i na unaprjeđenje kvalitete grafičke vizualizacije relevantnih prostornih podataka o tom hrvatskom otoku.
The article analyses various written forms of the place name Ingria and TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII in the light of Russian and foreign sources, some widely known, some rarely quoted. Different ...variants of the toponyms are expected to add new information to the data already available in scientific works. In this regard, the article introduces one of the earliest Swedish variants of this place name Jngersmanneland, which was revealed in a Swedish source dated 1545. The form is supposed to be of no scientific repute--for it is not mentioned in available studies--yet it proves to be interesting from the etymological perspective, which has been a source of controversy over the past few decades. Keywords: place-names, TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII, Inkeri, Ingermanland, Jngersmanneland.
Was Gasoline, Texas, named in honor of a gas station? Nope, but the name does honor the town’s original claim to fame: a gasoline-powered cotton gin. Is Paris, Texas, a reference to Paris, France? ...Yes: Thomas Poteet, who donated land for the town site, thought it would be an improvement over “Pin Hook," the original name of the Lamar County seat. Ding Dong’s story has a nice ring to it; the name was derived from two store owners named Bell, who lived in Bell County, of course. Tracing the turning points, fascinating characters, and cultural crossroads that shaped Texas history, Texas Place Names provides the colorful stories behind these and more than three thousand other county, city, and community names. Drawing on in-depth research to present the facts behind the folklore, linguist Edward Callary also clarifies pronunciations (it’s NAY-chis for Neches, referring to a Caddoan people whose name was attached to the Neches River during a Spanish expedition). A great resource for road trippers and historians alike, Texas Place Names alphabetically charts centuries of humanity through the enduring words (and, occasionally, the fateful spelling gaffes) left behind by men and women from all walks of life.
Following a proposal to emend Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes with guidelines for the naming of genera after geographical locations, I here report the outcome of ...the ballot on this proposal by the members of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and present the guidelines to be incorporated in Appendix 9.
Croatian exonyms are Croatian adapted names of foreign geographical features that differ from their original names (endonyms). The writing, use, and treatment of exonyms are not always unambiguous, ...unique, systematic, and consistent. Thus, authors and editors of maps and atlases frequently face the question of should they choose an exonym (and which one), an endonym, or both. They resolve them by entering various exonym forms, using both forms of names (exonyms and endonyms), or omitting exonyms even when they exist. This situation is a direct outcome of having multiple names and of the different use of exonyms. Double naming can be the result of the complex status of toponyms in multilingual areas and of a vague boundary between current and historical exonyms. Until recently, the problems of writing and the use of exonyms were usually simply stated and confirmed by scarce examples. The purpose of this article is to stress out the need to apply a systematic approach to exonym research methodology. The aim is to highlight the open questions on writing and the use of Croatian exonyms by analysing general and school world atlases published in the last forty years, and to confirm them with representative examples. As the analysis indicates, writing and the use of many exonyms in our world atlases is quite chaotic. This is a consequence of having unstandardized exonyms and overly general orthographic rules and toponymic guidelines for exonyms. All mentioned should be in the focus of a national interdisciplinary authority that would carry out the standardization of all Croatian geographical names as well as exonyms.
Hrvatski egzonimi su hrvatska prilagođena imena stranih geografskih
objekata koja se razlikuju od izvornih imena (endonima). Pisanje, uporaba i tretman egzonima nisu uvijek jednoznačni, ujednačeni, sustavni
i dosljedni. Stoga se autori i urednici karata i atlasa često suočavaju
s pitanjima trebaju li rabiti egzonim (i koji), endonim ili oba imena. Rješavaju ih upisivanjem različitih oblika egzonima, upotrebljavanjem oba oblika imena (egzonima i endonima) te izostavljanjem egzonima i kada
oni postoje. Takvo je stanje izravna posljedica višeimenosti i različite uporabe egzonima. Dvostruko imenovanje može biti rezultat složenog statusa toponima u višejezičnim područjima i nejasne granice između suvremenih i povijesnih egzonima. Problematika pisanja i uporabe egzonima donedavno se uglavnom samo konstatirala i potkrjepljivala malim
brojem primjera. Svrha rada je uputiti na nužnost primjene sustavnog pristupa metodologiji istraživanja egzonima. Cilj rada je analizom općih
i školskih atlasa svijeta objavljenih u posljednjih četrdesetak godina istaknuti otvorena pitanja o pisanju i uporabi hrvatskih egzonima te ih potvrditi reprezentativnim primjerima. Kako pokazuje analiza, pisanje i uporaba mnogih egzonima u našim atlasima svijeta prilično je kaotično. To je posljedica nepostojanja standardiziranih egzonima te nedovoljno detaljnih pravopisnih pravila i toponimskih smjernica za egzonime. Sve bi navedeno trebao biti interes nacionalnog interdisciplinarnog povjerenstva koje bi provodilo standardizaciju svih hrvatskih geografskih imena, tako i egzonima.
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