O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever o comportamento morfológico e mecânico do pericárdio bovino tratado em glutaraldeído nas concentrações de 0,625%, 0,8% e 1,0% por 18 dias, com posterior ...conservação em glicerina a 98% por 30 dias. Os pericárdios foram divididos nos grupos experimentais em controle (5 fragmentos de pericárdios bovinos conservados unicamente em glicerina a 98% por 30 dias seguidos), I (5 fragmentos de pericárdios bovinos tratados com glutaraldeído a 0,625% por 18 dias com posterior conservação em glicerina a 98% por 30 dias seguidos), II (5 fragmentos de pericárdios bovinos tratados com glutaraldeído a 0,8% por 18 dias com posterior conservação em glicerina a 98% por 30 dias seguidos) e III (5 fragmentos de pericárdios bovinos tratados com glutaraldeído a 1,0% por 18 dias com posterior conservação em glicerina a 98% por 30 dias seguidos), para avaliação histológica; para os ensaios de tração, além dos grupos já descritos, foi adicionado o grupo in natura (5 fragmentos de pericárdio bovino recém obtido sem nenhum tipo de tratamento ou conservação). Foram observadas alterações no aspecto físico quanto à coloração e textura das membranas tratadas com glutaraldeído comparadas ao do grupo controle. Não houve alterações histológicas e mecânicas do pericárdio bovino do grupo controle para os grupos experimentais I, II e III, mostrando, portanto, que a associação do glutaraldeído com a glicerina para preservação do pericárdio bovino apresentou morfologia e um comportamento dinâmico semelhante ao do grupo controle, sendo assim, considerado satisfatório para uma possível aplicação clínica.
Gray mold is one of the most important diseases of grapevine in temperate climates. This plant pathogen affects plant growth and reduces wine quality. The use of yeasts as biocontrol agents to apply ...in the vineyard have been investigated in recent years as an alternative to agrochemicals. In this work, fermenting musts obtained from overripe grape berries, therefore more susceptible to infection by fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, were considered for the selection of yeasts carrying antifungal activity. Thirty-six isolates were identified as Starmerella bacillaris, a species recently proven to be of enological interest. Among them 14 different strains were studied and antifungal activity against B. cinerea was demonstrated, for the first time, to be present in S. bacillaris species. The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), tested in vitro, was found to be the main responsible of S. bacillaris antifungal effects. All the strains were able to reduce B. cinerea decay on wounded grape berries artificially inoculated with gray mold. The colonization level of wound was very high reaching, after 5 days, a concentration of 10(6) cells per ml of grape juice obtained after berry crushing. At this cell concentration S. bacillaris strains were used to ferment synthetic and natural musts. The sequential yeast inoculation, performed by adding S. cerevisiae 48 h after S. bacillaris, was needed to complete sugar consumption and determined a significant increase in glicerol content and a reduction of ethanol and acetic acid concentrations. The high wound colonization ability, found in this work, together with the propensity to colonize grape berry and the interesting enological traits possessed by the selected S. bacillaris strains allow the use of this yeast as biocontrol agent on vine and grape berries with possible positive effects on must fermentation, although the presence of S. cerevisiae is needed to complete the fermentation process. This work introduces new possibilities in wine yeast selection programs in order to identify innovative wine yeasts that are simultaneously antifungal agents in vineyards and alternative wine starters for grape must fermentation and open new perspective to a more integrated strategy for increasing wine quality.
Antecedentes: El eyaculado del perro presenta tres fracciones, la primera y tercera que contienen líquido prostático que es perjudicial para la criopreservación, y la segunda rica en espermatozoides. ...Obtener únicamente la segunda fracción del eyaculado es complicado; por lo tanto, se evaluó la centrifugación coloidal como método de selección espermática, más la adición de glicerol en tres concentraciones 4; 6 y 8 % como crio protector. Métodos: El estudio fue realizado en la Universidad de Cuenca-Ecuador, se valoraron 72 muestras seminales procedentes de 6 perros mestizos. Cada muestra fue dividida en 2 alícuotas, la primera para el Grupo 1 (centrifugación convencional) y la otra Grupo 2 (centrifugación coloidal). Una vez centrifugadas cada alícuota fue sub-dividida en tres y se les adicionó 4; 6 y 8 % de glicerol. Se realizaron 3 evaluaciones espermáticas (inicial, pre y post descongelación). Resultados: La concentración espermática luego de la centrifugación fue similar entre la muestra inicial (MI) y Grupo 1 (P > 0,05); en Grupo 2 se observó menos espermatozoides (P < 0,05). Al valorar la motilidad individual progresiva (MIP) pre congelación, se observó que los espermatozoides del Grupo 1 redujeron un 30 % su motilidad en relación a la muestra MI y la de Grupo 2. La MIP post descongelación dentro de los grupos con diferentes concentraciones de glicerol (4; 6 y 8 %), que recibieron previamente centrifugación con Percoll (Grupo 2) presentaron diferencia estadística (P < 0,05). Sin embargo, la prueba de HOS proporcionó porcentajes similares. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la centrifugación coloidal, previa al proceso de congelación es una técnica que permite mayor selección y purificación espermática.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de glicerina bruta sobre a morfologia testicular de touros Nelore. Para isso, foram utilizados 35 bovinos com peso corporal inicial de 428,0 ± 32,11 kg e ...aproximadamente 22 meses, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições, suplementados durante 88 dias, com 14 dias de adaptação. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de glicerina de baixa pureza nos níveis de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% da matéria seca total dos suplementos. Foi realizado uma coleta de sêmen no 88º dia experimental, posteriormente os animais foram pesados, abatidos e tiveram os testículos coletados, pesados e amostrados. A inclusão da glicerina bruta influenciou a motilidade e o vigor espermático (P<0,05). O peso corporal ao abate e perímetro escrotal não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos níveis de glicerina. Observou-se comportamento quadrático (P<0,05) para o índice Leydigossomático, com ponto de mínima de 6,66% e para a proporção volumétrica das células de Leydig (CL), com ponto de mínima de 5,41%. Não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas testiculares nos bovinos. A glicerina de baixa pureza promove modificações na motilidade e vigor espermático, no índice leydigossomático e no volume das células de Leydig. Portanto, não se recomenda a adição de glicerina bruta no suplemento de touros em atividade reprodutiva.
La elevada producción de glicerol, un subproducto de bajo costo proveniente de la industria del biodiésel, ha supuesto una amenaza tanto para el medio ambiente como para la economía. La ...transformación de glicerol en productos de valor agregado contribuiría positivamente a la economía del biodiésel. En este artículo de revisión se describen las rutas de valorización del glicerol y se presenta la esterificación como una de las más prometedoras para la transformación de glicerol en aditivos para combustibles; igualmente, se describen los resultados más relevantes entre 2010 y 2020 relacionados con las condiciones experimentales (temperatura, relación molar y tiempo de reacción), los catalizadores heterogéneos y la actividad catalítica (en términos de la conversión del glicerol y la selectividad) para la transformación de glicerol en acetinas (monoacetina, diacetina y triacetina). Se espera que esta revisión permita abordar esta técnica de valorización de manera rentable y ambientalmente sostenible.
Experimental formation of hydroxyacetone (HA) from glycerol over La2CuO4 catalyst under mild experimental conditions (533 K, N2 atmosphere) was correlated with molecular modeling results with the aim ...to propose reaction pathways. Based on these results, a novel mechanism in terms of elementary reactions is proposed for gaseous phase process. The results suggest that there are two main routes that contribute to HA formation. The main and more feasible reaction pathway corresponds to the direct 1,2-dehydration of glycerol. The second pathway involves the dehydrogenation of glycerol to produce glyceraldehyde, which is then dehydrated toward HA through the formation of a six-membered cyclic transition state during the hydrogenation step. Finally, the pyruvaldehyde formation pathway was found to be a parallel reaction to the HA formation which could be displaced by tuning the reaction conditions. HA formation as a result of pyruvaldehyde hydrogenation was also proposed, but it was found to be a less important route.
The aim was to analyze the parameters of motility, vigor, morphology and integrity of the plasma membrane for each of the cryoprotectans. Each eyaculated was divided into two equal aliquots. One half ...received dimethylformamide (5%) and the other half received glycerol (5%) as cryoprotectans. The protocol was performed with a cooling curve of 5ºC for 120 minutes, and exposure to nitrogen vapor for 15 minutes before being submerged in liquid nitrogen. Sperm viability (motility) was assessed by a thermal resistance test, the morphology of cells was evaluated by setting the semen in saline formalin and the integrity of the plasma membrane of the sperm tail by hyposmotic test. In respect to the parameters the post-thawing evaluation of the semen displayed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two cryoprotectans. The results allow us to conclude that the use of extensor medium INRA 82, modified with sugar associated with skim milk and addition of 2% egg yolk and moderate cooling curve of 5ºC for 120 minutes shows a beneficial effect on sperm parameters in post-thaw period independently of the cryoprotectant used in the colombian criollo horses.
CRUDE GLYCERIN IN DIETS FOR PIGLETS IN NURSING PHASE Laudiceia Oliveira da Rocha; Juliana Luis e Silva; Claudia Paula de Freitas Rodrigues ...
Ciência animal brasileira,
01/2016, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This study evaluated the inclusion of crude glycerin for piglets in the starter phase. In the performance assay, we used 80 barrows, with initial weight of 6.64 ± 0.8 kg. The experimental design was ...of randomized blocks and the treatments consisted in 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of crude glycerin. There was a quadratic effect on final weight, average daily gain and feed intake, the maximum inclusion of crude glycerin was of 2.77%, for higher daily intake. For the ADG, the level of 2.76% of crude glycerin allowed the best gain and final weight, despite any effect on food conversion. There was a significant effect on the incidence of diarrhea (p=0.014) when 2% of crude glycerin was included in the diet. There was a linear decreasing effect on the percentage of GIT (p=0,006), small intestine (p=0,038), kidneys (p=0,089) and liver (p=0,037) of piglets that did not have glycerin in the diet. We observed a quadratic effect on the relative weight of the spleen and pancreas of piglets, the level of 2.73% of crude glycerin resulted in lower pancreas weight, and 3.04% of glycerin increased spleen weight. The level of 2.76% of crude glycerin promotes the highest weight gain for piglets in the nursery phase. Keywords: digestibility; glycerol; performance; pig.
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