Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are expected to support Healthcare Professionals in reducing medical errors, making the most relevant decisions and finding the most appropriate ...procedure for each patient. In particular, Knowledge Management and Decision Support Systems provide access to high quality information and to appropriate protocols. The present paper aims at comparing the approaches used in three ongoing R&D projects in order to support risk reduction and clinical governance. This comparison will lead to the presentation of a generic model of Decision Support Tools that transform shared and documented "Good Practices" into software entities that can pro-actively advice users in their daily work or when they encounter difficult situations.
La sécurité transfusionnelle est une exigence de santé publique résultant d’une volonté fortement exprimée par les pouvoirs publics et les usagers. Pour y répondre, les acteurs de la transfusion ...sanguine disposent de textes réglementaires et de référentiels professionnels. L’application stricte des bonnes pratiques transfusionnelles résulte d’une connaissance approfondie des processus et d’une maîtrise des pratiques. Les systèmes de qualité et de gestion des risques mis en place dans les établissements de transfusion sanguine et les établissements de santé dans le cadre des procédures de certification et d’accréditation en conditionnent l’efficience. Pour répondre à ces exigences, tout professionnel impliqué dans la chaîne transfusionnelle du donneur au receveur doit justifier d’une qualification et s’inscrire dans une dynamique personnelle et collective de formation, d’évaluation et de maintien des compétences.
Blood transfusion safety is a public health's requirement, which is claimed by public Health's authorities and blood users too. In order to comply with transfusion safety, available national regulatory requirements must be strictly followed (or applied) by blood transfusion workers, caring nurses and physicians. Transfusion's good practices are based on knowledge of the process and the skill in blood transfusion fields. Quality systems, risks management, audits, inspections and certification programs implemented by blood establishments and patients’ care services should lead to efficiency. All professionals involved in blood banking and transfusion processes (blood donation, preparation and storage of blood products, transfusion therapy,…) must be qualified. They have to follow a program of continue training education. Their competence or ability must also be periodically assessed and documented to let continue and perform tasks safely.
Modern teaching changes the role of a teacher. Nowadays teachers are mentors, innovators and creators of events. Teachers are looking for innovative pedagogical approaches related to everyday life. ...The goal of the article is to show how to make classes more interesting, how to actively include students in the process of teaching, and how to gain their interest in the profession they are learning for. Research shows that everyday practice is important for individual’s learning, which is called situational learning. Teachers provide content for the school space that young people need for their personal and professional development. It is important that the teacher is intrinsically motivated to find creative approaches to teaching and connecting with students. It is increasingly important that the teacher can motivate students and create a stimulating learning environment in which students want to learn. It is also important to connect school content with real life. Teacher must be able to attract students with practical content. It is necessary that students see the practical value of the knowledge provided by the teacher. At The Technical School Centre of Maribor, we educate students in mechanics, mechatronics and mechanical engineering. Since these are students who are practitioners by nature, it is very important for them to have an encouraging practical learning environment. The professional contribution describes examples of good practice in teaching, such as outdoor lessons, Students Motorcycle Club, Innovation and Research Activity, arranging an exhibition space with students and motivational workshops, where various forms of learning are presented: peer-to-peer, cooperative and intergenerational learning.
This article presents findings from a European project co-ordinated by the National Institute of Public Health, Denmark. The project "Children and noise--prevention of adverse effects" was partly ...financed by the European Commission Programme on Pollution-related Diseases and included partners or consultants from six European Union Member States: Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The project used a definition of noise based on children's special development and provides examples of good practice on how to prevent the harmful effects of noise in children's daily settings. The settings analysed were day-care centres, primary schools and discotheques. Two methods were applied to obtain the effective examples of noise prevention or noise reduction: reviewing existing research and interviewing key people with knowledge and experience that has not yet appeared in the literature. A range of cases of preventing the adverse effects of noise assessed before and after the intervention provide a number of good practices, including information and awareness-raising campaigns and the identification of key concepts and key players in the prevention of noise. The examples of good practice have been effective in reducing noise, reducing the effects of noise, increasing the awareness of the importance of noise reduction or increasing action to reduce noise. The examples are based on a common format for reviewing preventive measures and can serve as direct inspiration for action to prevent noise in children's daily settings.
The main objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of innovation capability. Furthermore, it is mainly focused on the way innovation capability is built and developed in ...practice in two Innovative Technology.Based Companies (ITBC) in the Spanish broadcasting sector. Based on a multiple case study and interviews with managers who are responsible for New Product Development (NPD) projects, a collection of 17 practices is identified and classified in three dimensions: innovation strategy, innovative culture and innovation process structure. This collection of practices has achieved successful results in the new product development projects in the companies studied.
This work are framed inside a educational research titled "Autonomic educational policies and their effects in pedagogical innovation, related to the integration of ICT in school centers" approved ...for the Spanish National Program for Scientific Research Development and Technological Innovation for the period 2004-2007. This work proposes a revision and interpretative analysis of Andalusia's educative policies based on the integration of ICT in the classrooms. This paper identifies a system of dimensions extracted of the analysis of the educative policy. This system helps to deepen in the processes related to the educational innovation in ICT and establishing the professional capacities related to the development of "good practices". This system is relevant for the European Convergence Process. We propose an approximation to the concepts of "good practices", "educational innovation" and "integration of ICT in the classrooms". Theses concepts contributes to design of educational programs and professional capacities for the teachers of Primary and Secondary School.
Esta aportación forma parte de un proyecto de investigación titulado "Políticas educativas autonómicas y sus efectos sobre la innovación pedagógica en el uso de las TIC en los centros escolares", y que se desarrolla en el marco del Plan Nacional de I+D 2004-2007. El trabajo ofrece una revisión y análisis interpretativo de políticas educativas andaluzas que promueven la realización de innovaciones educativas basadas en la incorporación de las TIC en las aulas. El trabajo se concreta en un sistema de dimensiones extraídas del análisis de la política educativa que ayudan a profundizar en el conocimiento de los procesos relacionados con la innovación educativa apoyada en el uso de las TIC y contribuyen a establecer competencias profesionales vinculadas al desarrollo de "buenas prácticas". El conocimiento de estas dimensiones y procesos contribuyen a plantear las bases formativas de los futuros docentes como profesionales reflexivos y tienen una importante trascendencia para la Educación Superior ante el reto de la Convergencia Europea. Entre las principales contribuciones de este trabajo destaca la delimitación desde una perspectiva legal de conceptos claves para la formación inicial de docentes como "buenas prácticas", "innovación educativa" y "uso de las TIC". Estas nociones orientan el diseño de los planes formativos sobre el eje del desarrollo de competencias profesionales de maestros y maestras de Primaria y Secundaria.
Do public sector reforms use evaluation? What good practices has experience brought to light? Does evaluation have a future? In this article, evaluation shall be defined as an instrument or means for ...improving the capacity to learn about conducting successful change and defining achievable outcomes in the fields of public efficiency and effectiveness. Whilst many forms of evaluation exist, in general it may be characterized as an activity that is devoted to the production and analysis of rigorous and relevant information about relationships between, on the one side, public acts and non-acts and, on the other, outcomes and impacts.
Une première enquête, auprès des infirmiers de notre établissement, montrait une carence en matière de connaissances théoriques sur la sécurité transfusionnelle. Les bonnes pratiques ont été écrites ...et un programme spécifique de formation mis en place. Une seconde enquête portant sur la sécurité transfusionnelle a été conduite deux ans plus tard.
Afin d'étudier l'impact de la mise en place de ces mesures, quatre questions étaient identiques entre la première et la deuxième enquête. Elles concernaient l'identification des prélèvements, le contrôle de l'identité du patient, la vérification de la péremption du produit et le test de contrôle ultime ABO. L'attitude des infirmiers était testée sur des contrôles prétransfusionnels à effectuer, y compris l'interprétation de tests de contrôle ultime ABO. Un des objectifs était de corréler les réponses de la seconde enquête à trois facteurs : formation, date d'embauche, personnel de nuit ou de jour.
Une amélioration significative des connaissances est observée entre la première et la seconde enquête (
p
=
10
−4). L'analyse montre que la formation a essentiellement eu un impact sur le respect du protocole transfusionnel (
p
=
0,05) et l'interprétation du contrôle ultime en situation de compatibilité ABO (
p
=
0,007).
La mise en place des bonnes pratiques et le programme de formation améliorent significativement les connaissances des infirmières en matière de sécurité transfusionnelle. Néanmoins, il est essentiel de continuer et d'adapter les programmes de formation et de vérifier régulièrement l'impact de ces mesures.
A first survey on nurses transfusion practices at our Hospital revealed poor knowledge. Good Transfusion Practices were written, a training program was implemented and a second survey was carried out two years later.
We conducted the second survey in which 4 of the questions were identical to those in the first survey in order to assess the impact of this training strategy. The 4 questions were on blood sample identification, checking patient identification, checking “use by date” on blood product bag and the pre-transfusion bedside compatibility test. Behaviours were evaluated by checking the pre-transfusion procedures, including interpretation of bedside compatibility tests. We investigated the impact of attendance at the training course, the period of employment, day versus night shift and attempted to correlate these factors with the results of the second survey.
A significant improvement was observed in knowledge of Good Practices between the first and the second survey (
P
=
10
−4). However, the multivariate analysis showed that the impact of training was heterogeneous. Pre-transfusion protocol checks have improved significantly (
P
=
0.05) as well as pre-transfusion bedside compatibility test interpretation of ABO compatibility (
P
=
0.007).
In our study, the implementation of Good practices has significantly improved nurses' knowledge about transfusion safety requirements but it is essential to continue and adapt the training and cheek regularly the impact of these implementations.
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