Green tea, a widely consumed beverage in Asia, contains green tea catechins effective against obesity, especially epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), but must be consumed in an impractically huge ...amount daily to elicit its biological effect. Meanwhile, citrus polyphenols have various physiological effects that could enhance EGCG functionality. Here we investigated the antiobesity effect of a combination of EGCG and α-glucosyl hesperidin, a citrus polyphenol, at doses that have not been previously reported to exert antiobesity effects by themselves in any clinical trial. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group-designed clinical trial, 60 healthy Japanese males and females aged 30-75 years consumed green tea combined with α-glucosyl hesperidin (GT-gH), which contained 178 mg α-glucosyl hesperidin and 146 mg EGCG, for 12 weeks. Physical, hematological, blood biochemical, and urine examinations showed that GT-gH is safe to use. At week 12, GT-gH prevented weight gain and reduced body mass index (BMI) compared with the placebo. Especially in those aged < 50 years, triglyceride and body fat percentage decreased at week 6, visceral fat level and body fat percentage decreased at week 12; body weight, BMI, and blood LDL/HDL ratio also decreased. In conclusion, taking GT-gH prevents weight gain, and the antiobesity effect of GT-gH was more pronounced in people aged < 50 years.
Hesperidin, a member of the flavanone group of flavonoids, can be isolated in large amounts from the rinds of some citrus species. Considering the wide range of pharmacological activities and ...widespread application of hesperidin, this paper reviews preclinical and clinical trials of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, pharmacokinetics, and some marketed products available. Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated therapeutical effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in various diseases, such as neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular diseases and others, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and insulin-sensitizing properties.
Hesperidin is a flavonoid glycoside with proven therapeutic activities for various diseases, including cancer. However, its poor solubility and bioavailability render it only slightly absorbed, ...requiring a delivery system to reach its therapeutic target. Hesperidin loaded on gold nanoparticles (Hsp-AuNPs) was prepared by a chemical synthesis method. Various characterization techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM and EDX, Zeta potential analysis, particle size analysis, were used to confirm the synthesis of Hsp-AuNPs. The cytotoxic effect of Hsp-AuNPs on human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) was assessed using MTT and crystal violet assays. The results revealed significant decrease in proliferation and inhibition of growth of the treated cells when compared with human normal breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). Determination of apoptosis by fluorescence microscope was also performed using acridine orange-propidium iodide dual staining assay. The in vivo study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of Hsp-AuNPs in mice. The levels of hepatic and kidney functionality markers were assessed. No significant statistical differences were found for the tested indicators. Histological images of liver, spleen, lung and kidney showed no apparent damages and histopathological abnormalities after treatment with Hsp-AuNPs. Hsp-AuNPs ameliorated the functional activity of macrophages against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells-bearing mice. The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was also assessed in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells treated with Hsp-AuNPs. The results obviously demonstrated that Hsp-AuNPs treatment significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF.
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Therapeutic efficacy of antifibrotic drugs can be improved by targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). This study investigated the prospect of developing a carrier system for the ...effective delivery of hesperidin by selectively targeting HSCs in fibrotic rat model. Hesperidin-loaded surface modified liposome formulations were prepared with varying quantity of lipids to optimize physicochemical characteristics. Best liposome formulation was further conjugated with a homing ligand, recognized by HSCs, to achieve a carrier system that facilitates the targeting of hesperidin. This carrier system was characterized for various physicochemical properties. The effectiveness of the bioactive carrier to prevent liver fibrosis was investigated by carrying out biochemical, biodistribution, and histopathological analyses. The pharmaceutical properties demonstrated by the ligand conjugated carrier system were optimal to facilitate selective and preferential delivery to the liver. Steady and prolonged drug release behavior with zero order kinetics displayed by prepared carrier system established its prospect to increase efficiency and decrease dosing of hesperidin. The pharmacokinetic profile of the carrier system was very distinct and exhibited rapid plasma clearance. The bio-distribution data of formulated carrier system indicates higher uptake of hesperidin predominantly by fibrotic liver with insignificant amount in non-targeted organs, which is certainly beneficial due to low risk of toxicity and lower systemic distribution. In conclusion, this developed carrier represents a potentially beneficial approach for HSCs specific targeting of hesperidin in a rat model with liver fibrosis.
Neohesperidin (hesperetin 7-O-neohesperidoside), a well-known flavanone glycoside widely found in citrus fruits, exhibits a variety of biological activities, with potential applications ranging from ...food ingredients to therapeutics. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical, biosynthesis, and pharmacokinetics profiles of neohesperidin, as well as the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of neohesperidin against potential diseases. This literature review covers a wide range of pharmacological responses elicited by Neohesperidin, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, with a focus on the mechanisms of those pharmacological responses. Additionally, the mechanistic pathways underlying the compound's osteoporosis, antiulcer, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects have been outlined. This review includes detailed illustrations of the biosynthesis, biopharmacokinetics, toxicology, and controlled release of neohesperidine. Neohesperidin demonstrated a broad range of therapeutic and biological activities in the treatment of a variety of complex disorders, including neurodegenerative, hepato-cardiac, cancer, diabetes, obesity, infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Neohesperidin is a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of various etiologically complex diseases. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies on mechanistic potential are required before clinical trials to confirm the safety, bioavailability, and toxicity profiles of neohesperidin.
Xanthine oxidase is an important enzyme of purine catabolism pathway and has been associated directly in pathogenesis of gout and indirectly in many pathological conditions like cancer, diabetes and ...metabolic syndrome. In this research Hesperidin, a bioactive flavonoid was explored to determine the capability of itself and its derivatives to inhibit xanthine oxidase. The design and synthesis of Hesperidin derivatives hybridized with hydrazines to form hydrazides and anilines was performed with the help of molecular docking. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. The enzyme kinetic studies performed on newly synthesized derivatives showed a potential inhibitory effect on XO ability in competitive manner with IC50 value ranging from 00.263 μM - 14.870 μM and 3HDa1 was revealed as most active derivative. Molecular simulation revealed that new Hesperidin derivatives interacted with the amino acid residues PHE798, GLN1194, ARG912, THR585, SER1080 and MET1038 positioned inside the binding site of XO. Results of antioxidant activity revealed that all the derivatives showed very good antioxidant potential. Taking advantage of molecular docking, this hybridization of two natural constituent could lead to desirable xanthine oxidase inhibitors with improved activity.
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Recently, hesperidin, a flavonone mainly present in citrus fruits, has emerged as a new potential therapeutic agent able to modulate several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors. Animal and in ...vitro studies demonstrate beneficial effects of hesperidin and its derived compounds on CVD risk factors. Thus, hesperidin has shown glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic models, dyslipidemia-, atherosclerosis-, and obesity-preventing effects in CVDs and obese models, and antihypertensive and antioxidant effects in hypertensive models. However, there is still controversy about whether hesperidin could contribute to ameliorate glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity, and blood pressure in humans, as evidenced by several clinical trials reporting no effects of treatments with this flavanone or with orange juice on these cardiovascular parameters. In this review, we focus on hesperidin's beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, paying special attention to the high interindividual variability in response to hesperidin-based acute and chronic interventions, which can be partly attributed to differences in gut microbiota. Based on the current evidence, we suggest that some of hesperidin's contradictory effects in human trials are partly due to the interindividual hesperidin variability in its bioavailability, which in turn is highly dependent on the α-rhamnosidase activity and gut microbiota composition.
•Hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) inhibited inflammation and pain.•HMC inhibited TRPV1 agonist-induced inflammation and pain.•HMC inhibited oxidative stress, cytokine production and NF-κB ...activation.•HMC did not present hepatic or gastric toxic effect during 7days of treatment.
Cytokines and reactive oxygen species are inflammatory mediators that lead to increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, and their inhibition represents a therapeutic approach in controlling acute and chronic pain. The water-soluble flavonone hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) is used in the treatment of venous diseases, but its bioactivity as anti-inflammatory and analgesic is poorly understood. The present study evaluated the protective effects of HMC in widely used mouse models of acute and prolonged inflammation and pain. Male Swiss mice were treated with HMC (3–100 or 30mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle (saline) 1h before inflammatory stimuli. In overt pain-like behavior tests, HMC inhibited acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhing, and capsaicin-, Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)- and formalin-induced paw flinching and licking. HMC also inhibited carrageenan-, capsaicin- and CFA-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanistically, HMC inhibited carrageenan-induced cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) production, oxidative stress and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, HMC did not cause gastric or hepatic injury in a 7days treatment protocol. Thus, this is the first report that HMC reduces inflammation and inflammatory pain by targeting TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) receptor activity, oxidative stress, cytokine production, and NF-κB activity, which suggests its potential applicability in inflammatory diseases.
Hesperidin, a phytoactive compound, is an abundant and economical dietary bioflavonoid possessing numerous biological and medicinal benefits. Several studies have strongly proven the significant ...chemotherapeutic potential of hesperidin. Therefore, this review aims to bring together the existing studies demonstrating hesperidin as a potential anticancer agent with its mode of action reported in the therapeutic strategies for numerous cancer types. Hesperidin acts via modulating multiple pathways involving cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and DNA repair in various cancer cells. Hesperidin has been reported to alter several molecular targets related to carcinogenesis, such as reactive nitrogen species, cellular kinases, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, drug transporters, cell cycle mediators and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, this review provides significant insights for the potential of hesperidin to be a strong and promising candidate for pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and geared toward the better management of carcinoma.
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Octanal was found to be able to reduce green mold incidence in citrus fruit by a defense response mechanism. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Herein, the metabolomics, ...RNA-seq and biochemical analyses were integrated to explore the effect of octanal on disease resistance in harvested citrus fruit. Results showed that octanal fumigation at 40 μL L−1 was effective in controlling citrus green mold. Metabolomics analysis showed that octanal mainly led to the accumulation of some plant hormones including methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indoleacetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid, and gibberellic acid and many phenylpropanoid metabolites including cinnamyl alcohol, hesperidin, dihydrokaempferol, vanillin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, curcumin, naringin, chrysin, coniferin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone. Particularly, IAA and hesperidin were dramatically accumulated in the peel, which might be the contributors to the resistance response. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that octanal greatly activated the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids. This was further verified by the accumulation of some metabolites (shikimic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, IAA, total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin), increase in some enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), up-regulation of some genes (tryptophan pyruvate aminotransferase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, shikimate kinase and shikimate dehydrogenase) expressions and molecular docking results. Thus, these results indicate that octanal is an efficient strategy for the control of postharvest green mold by triggering the defense response in citrus fruit.
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•Octanal is effective in controlling green mold caused by P. digitatum.•Octanal induces IAA biosynthesis to enhance fruit resistance.•Octanal activates the phenylpropanoid pathway in harvested citrus.•Hesperidin may participate in the defense response in octanal-treated citrus fruit.•Molecular docking proved that the citrus ALDH3 protein might be the target of octanal.
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