This research addresses the challenges faced in collecting and managing repair history information for architectural heritage due to its distribution among different institutions. To overcome this ...problem, this study proposes a building information modeling (BIM)-based repair history management framework that links non-formal repair details of architectural heritage to BIM. This framework was applied to the case study of the Great Hero Hall of Sudeoksa Temple in Yesan, South Korea. A repair history database in the form of structured data adhering to the historic building information modeling standard was utilized. The proposed framework effectively syncs the repair history database with BIM to preserve architectural heritage and streamline repair history information updates as well as management. Integrated heritage BIM is anticipated to furnish a thorough knowledge base for architectural heritage, comprising non-geometric details and formal information models, thus enhancing building maintenance planning. Ultimately, the benefits and limitations of the suggested framework and methodologies are deliberated for further implementation.
Abstract
The Gondangdia Station area is one of the areas where the TOD concept development has been implemented in Jakarta. This station is located in the Menteng area which is a cultural heritage ...area. This study aims to explain the application of the TOD concept in the Gondangdia Station area physically and see its impact on the Menteng cultural heritage area. Search data using a field survey method by observing the urban environment along a radius of 1 kilometer from Gondangdia Station. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of 8 aspects of TOD from ITDP and looks at the effect of the implementation of the TOD on the Menteng cultural heritage area. The results showed that of the eight aspects of TOD that were evaluated, most of them were available, but not all aspects met the existing provisions. Aspects that need to be completed and improved are transit facilities, bicycle lanes, and activity zoning integration (mixed land use). The existence of TOD-based development in the Menteng cultural heritage area generally has a positive impact on accessibility and environmental improvement. Unfortunately, the historical buildings there are less integrated with other TOD elements.
Abstract
Stained glass has been extensively applied in Lingnan historic buildings, especially unique stained art glass windows which will be usually used at doors and windows needing large-area ...lighting for the purpose of ventilation and lighting, and they are called Manchuria windows. First of all, under the historical application background of stained glass in the Lingnan area, this study discussed the types of stained glass and the technological development in Guangzhou. Secondly, the fabrication process of glass etchings was generalized. Next, the application laws of stained glass in Manchuria windows of Lingnan historic buildings were explored. Finally, the basic combination modes of stained glass applied in Manchuria windows were obtained. These laws and modes can not only provide a reference for the repair of Lingnan historic buildings but also constitute an enlightenment on the windowing form and artistic creation of modern buildings.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was used as a fluoropolymer manufacturing aid at a fluoropolymer production facility in Parkersburg, WV from 1951 to 2013. The manufacturer introduced a replacement ...surfactant hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) that has been in use at this site since 2013. Historical releases of PFOA and related epidemiological work in this area has been primarily focused on communities downstream. To provide an update on the ongoing impacts from this plant, 94 surface water samples and 13 soil samples were collected mainly upstream and downwind of this facility. PFOA was detected in every surface water sample with concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/L at 13 sample sites within an 8 km radius of the plant. HFPO-DA was also found to be widespread with the highest levels (>100 ng/L) found in surface water up to 6.4 km north of the plant. One sample site, 28 km north of the plant, had PFOA at 143 ng/L and HFPO-DA at 42 ng/L. Sites adjacent to landfills containing fluorochemical waste had PFOA concentrations ranging up to >1000 ng/L. These data indicate that downwind atmospheric transport of both compounds has occurred and that the boundaries of the impact zone have yet to be fully delineated.
Precise prediction of energy consumption in buildings could significantly optimize strategies for operating building equipment and release the energy savings potential of buildings. With advances in ...computer science and smart meters, data-driven energy forecasting models, particularly deep learning models, are becoming increasingly popular and can achieve good prediction accuracy. However, these models require a multitude of historical data from predicted buildings for training, which are difficult to acquire for newly constructed buildings or buildings with newly established measurement equipment. In order to obtain satisfactory prediction accuracy under such poor information state, this paper proposes two deep learning models, which are a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model and a two dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) with an attention layer, and transfer learning framework to improve prediction accuracy for a target building. A case study of three office buildings is discussed to demonstrate the proposed method and models. Compared with the results of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with poor information state, the seq2seq model improved forecast accuracy for a building with a small quantity of data by 19.69 percentage points in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the 2D CNN model by 20.54 percentage points, on average.
Taizhou is one of the important port cities and trade centers in Zhejiang Province in Chinese history. The traditional buildings retained in its historic districts have not only conformed to the ...development of the times, but also witnessed the local historical changes and finally formed their own unique local characteristics. The paper takes Haimen Old Street in a good condition of protection as the research object, conducts a comprehensive investigation on the protection status of modern architectures in the Old Street, and deeply explores the spatial forms and architectural features of the buildings. After investigation, it was found that Haimen Old Street has a good architectural shape and characteristics after undergoing conservation and restoration work, which can be said to be a model of architectural protection in eastern Zhejiang. This survey can provide evidence and suggestions for the protection of buildings in historical districts in Zhejiang, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting the regional culture of Taizhou’s characteristic buildings.
This paper takes the historical and cultural area of Tanhualin in Wuchang District as an example, from the historical construction present situation, the value of historical architecture, discusses ...three aspects of the historical building protection measures, and finally draws the conclusion: historical building protection needs to emphasize on protection, do repair old as before, to protect the culture at the same time also should pay attention to regain its vitality, achieve sustainable development, and carefully reconsider historical buildings in the present age, the function of space positioning.
Abstract
This article presents the process of the energy performance upgrade for the historical, Venetian building of “Loggia”, in Heraklion Crete, Greece. The building is currently used as Town Hall ...of the Municipality of Heraklion. The original Venetian building was constructed and renovated between the 13
th
century and 1628 during the Venetian occupation of Crete (1205-1669). Through the centuries, the building was gradually and partially destroyed, resulting to its total destruction in the Second World War. The construction of the existing building as a faithful copy of the original started in the ’60s and was completed in the late ’70s. Due to the special protection and conservative regime applied for the “Loggia” building, although, practically, a new one, the possible energy performance upgrade interventions were remarkably restricted. Any alteration of the building’s outer views is strictly prohibited. Eventually, the proposed measures were the installation of new openings, faithful copies of the existing ones, the installation of a new air-to-water heat pump with a hydraulic distribution network and hydronic terminal units for indoor space conditioning, installation of new luminaires and LED lamps and floodlights and a photovoltaic plant on the building’s roof. The building was upgraded to a zero-energy consumption facility.
The central nervous system has historically been viewed as an immune-privileged site, but recent data have shown that the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contain a ...diverse population of immune cells
. So far, studies have focused on macrophages and T cells, but have not included a detailed analysis of meningeal humoral immunity. Here we show that, during homeostasis, the mouse and human meninges contain IgA-secreting plasma cells. These cells are positioned adjacent to dural venous sinuses: regions of slow blood flow with fenestrations that can potentially permit blood-borne pathogens to access the brain
. Peri-sinus IgA plasma cells increased with age and following a breach of the intestinal barrier. Conversely, they were scarce in germ-free mice, but their presence was restored by gut re-colonization. B cell receptor sequencing confirmed that meningeal IgA
cells originated in the intestine. Specific depletion of meningeal plasma cells or IgA deficiency resulted in reduced fungal entrapment in the peri-sinus region and increased spread into the brain following intravenous challenge, showing that meningeal IgA is essential for defending the central nervous system at this vulnerable venous barrier surface.
The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known ...archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.
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