Science for built heritage Wells, Jeremy C
Science,
05/2019, Letnik:
364, Številka:
6439
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The tragedy that befell Notre Dame Cathedral last month brings to light, on a global stage, the general importance of built heritage. The dominance of the humanities in this field means that ...scientific knowledge, however, is often neglected in decision-making processes, resulting in irreparable damage to historic buildings and social justice issues. How can the natural and social sciences be better harnessed to responsibly and ethically conserve society's built heritage?
Precise prediction of energy consumption in buildings could significantly optimize strategies for operating building equipment and release the energy savings potential of buildings. With advances in ...computer science and smart meters, data-driven energy forecasting models, particularly deep learning models, are becoming increasingly popular and can achieve good prediction accuracy. However, these models require a multitude of historical data from predicted buildings for training, which are difficult to acquire for newly constructed buildings or buildings with newly established measurement equipment. In order to obtain satisfactory prediction accuracy under such poor information state, this paper proposes two deep learning models, which are a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model and a two dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network (CNN) with an attention layer, and transfer learning framework to improve prediction accuracy for a target building. A case study of three office buildings is discussed to demonstrate the proposed method and models. Compared with the results of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with poor information state, the seq2seq model improved forecast accuracy for a building with a small quantity of data by 19.69 percentage points in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the 2D CNN model by 20.54 percentage points, on average.
The movement of the ground caused by the excavation of subway tunnels and the sinking of the earth's surface inevitably affect above-ground buildings, with the impact on historical and cultural ...buildings, which are already in disrepair, being more prominent. In existing research, the impact of the stiffness of a building itself is often neglected when assessing the influence of the displacement of the stratum caused by tunnel excavation on the building. However, as the settlement and deformation of the building are related to the structural characteristics of the building itself, the effect of the building stiffness should not be completely ignored. This study analyzed the case of the national key protected cultural relics (Red House Hotel) located near the tunnel of the Qingdao Metro (Line 3). Based on the factors affecting the stiffness of the building structure, the Peck empirical formula was modified to predict the effect on the building in the stratum. Subsequently, a three-dimensional finite element model was established and force analysis conducted. Considering the results of the finite element analysis, which determined the stress condition of the cultural relic buildings, a reinforcement design was carried out and implemented in the project.
City image includes people's perceptions of the built and natural environments as well as the emotions and ideas the city arouses in them. In the city image, the preservation of the buildings, ...especially historical buildings, which carry the past cultures, meaning and structural features of the city to the present day, can be ensured by making these buildings visible and perceptible by the inhabitants. Historical buildings' visibility can facilitate the recognition and appreciation of their historical significance, thereby contributing to the preservation of the city's cultural heritage. This study aims to analyse the visibility of a historical building that holds a significant place in the urban memory and to suggest recommendations for enhancing its visibility. In this context, the viewpoints used to examine the İskenderun Beş Temmuz Primary School Historical Building’s visibility were specified by space syntax visibility graph analysis (VGA). Subsequently, the building's visibility in three different historical periods was determined by the isovists technique, utilizing these viewpoints. Based on the same viewpoints, an observational field study and a survey applied to 47 people were conducted. Consequently, it was identified that the historical building could not be sufficiently seen due to the presence of surrounding service structures, perimeter walls, and high buildings. Furthermore, this study proposed the removal of additional structures that negatively affect historical building's visibility. Additionally, a design approach was developed for new buildings and landscaping to enhance the historical building's visibility, and the efficacy of the proposed design was evaluated through isovists and VGA analyses.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was used as a fluoropolymer manufacturing aid at a fluoropolymer production facility in Parkersburg, WV from 1951 to 2013. The manufacturer introduced a replacement ...surfactant hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) that has been in use at this site since 2013. Historical releases of PFOA and related epidemiological work in this area has been primarily focused on communities downstream. To provide an update on the ongoing impacts from this plant, 94 surface water samples and 13 soil samples were collected mainly upstream and downwind of this facility. PFOA was detected in every surface water sample with concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/L at 13 sample sites within an 8 km radius of the plant. HFPO-DA was also found to be widespread with the highest levels (>100 ng/L) found in surface water up to 6.4 km north of the plant. One sample site, 28 km north of the plant, had PFOA at 143 ng/L and HFPO-DA at 42 ng/L. Sites adjacent to landfills containing fluorochemical waste had PFOA concentrations ranging up to >1000 ng/L. These data indicate that downwind atmospheric transport of both compounds has occurred and that the boundaries of the impact zone have yet to be fully delineated.
This research addresses the challenges faced in collecting and managing repair history information for architectural heritage due to its distribution among different institutions. To overcome this ...problem, this study proposes a building information modeling (BIM)-based repair history management framework that links non-formal repair details of architectural heritage to BIM. This framework was applied to the case study of the Great Hero Hall of Sudeoksa Temple in Yesan, South Korea. A repair history database in the form of structured data adhering to the historic building information modeling standard was utilized. The proposed framework effectively syncs the repair history database with BIM to preserve architectural heritage and streamline repair history information updates as well as management. Integrated heritage BIM is anticipated to furnish a thorough knowledge base for architectural heritage, comprising non-geometric details and formal information models, thus enhancing building maintenance planning. Ultimately, the benefits and limitations of the suggested framework and methodologies are deliberated for further implementation.
Abstract
The Gondangdia Station area is one of the areas where the TOD concept development has been implemented in Jakarta. This station is located in the Menteng area which is a cultural heritage ...area. This study aims to explain the application of the TOD concept in the Gondangdia Station area physically and see its impact on the Menteng cultural heritage area. Search data using a field survey method by observing the urban environment along a radius of 1 kilometer from Gondangdia Station. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of 8 aspects of TOD from ITDP and looks at the effect of the implementation of the TOD on the Menteng cultural heritage area. The results showed that of the eight aspects of TOD that were evaluated, most of them were available, but not all aspects met the existing provisions. Aspects that need to be completed and improved are transit facilities, bicycle lanes, and activity zoning integration (mixed land use). The existence of TOD-based development in the Menteng cultural heritage area generally has a positive impact on accessibility and environmental improvement. Unfortunately, the historical buildings there are less integrated with other TOD elements.
Abstract
Stained glass has been extensively applied in Lingnan historic buildings, especially unique stained art glass windows which will be usually used at doors and windows needing large-area ...lighting for the purpose of ventilation and lighting, and they are called Manchuria windows. First of all, under the historical application background of stained glass in the Lingnan area, this study discussed the types of stained glass and the technological development in Guangzhou. Secondly, the fabrication process of glass etchings was generalized. Next, the application laws of stained glass in Manchuria windows of Lingnan historic buildings were explored. Finally, the basic combination modes of stained glass applied in Manchuria windows were obtained. These laws and modes can not only provide a reference for the repair of Lingnan historic buildings but also constitute an enlightenment on the windowing form and artistic creation of modern buildings.
This paper takes the historical and cultural area of Tanhualin in Wuchang District as an example, from the historical construction present situation, the value of historical architecture, discusses ...three aspects of the historical building protection measures, and finally draws the conclusion: historical building protection needs to emphasize on protection, do repair old as before, to protect the culture at the same time also should pay attention to regain its vitality, achieve sustainable development, and carefully reconsider historical buildings in the present age, the function of space positioning.
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