The Natural Wood Regime in Rivers WOHL, ELLEN; KRAMER, NATALIE; RUIZ-VILLANUEVA, VIRGINIA ...
Bioscience,
04/2019, Letnik:
69, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The natural wood regime forms the third leg of a tripod of physical processes that supports river science and management, along with the natural flow and sediment regimes. The wood regime consists of ...wood recruitment, transport, and storage in river corridors. Each of these components can be characterized in terms of magnitude, frequency, rate, timing, duration, and mode. We distinguish the natural wood regime, which occurs where human activities do not significantly alter the wood regime, and a target wood regime, in which management emphasizes wood recruitment, transport, and storage that balance desired geomorphic and ecological characteristics with mitigation of wood-related hazards. Wood regimes vary across space and through time but can be inferred and quantified via direct measurements, reference sites, historical information, and numerical modeling. Classifying wood regimes with respect to wood process domains and quantifying the wood budget are valuable tools for assessing and managing rivers.
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and one of the most demanding environments ever inhabited by humans. We investigated the timing and mechanisms of its initial colonization at the Nwya Devu site, ...located nearly 4600 meters above sea level. This site, dating from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, is the highest Paleolithic archaeological site yet identified globally. Nwya Devu has yielded an abundant blade tool assemblage, indicating hitherto-unknown capacities for the survival of modern humans who camped in this environment. This site deepens the history of the peopling of the "roof of the world" and the antiquity of human high-altitude occupations more generally.
The great technological development in recent years in the field of architectural survey has made possible increasingly expeditious and less invasive investigations with the aim of acquiring a series ...of data related to the asset and fundamental for the protection of cultural heritage. In addition, the synergy between the various techniques represents an added value able, not only, to fill possible gaps and lacks arising from application limits of the instruments, but also to enhance the peculiarities of the same. This paper presents an integrated survey activity (range-based, image-based and IR thermography techniques) aimed at applying the combination and collaboration of multiple sensors for the analysis and study of historical buildings as well as for the generation of digital repository to support current and future investigations. In particular, the attention has been on the Chiesa dell’Annunziata located in the municipality of Sessa Aurunca in the province of Caserta (Italy). By carrying out a systematic process of survey, colorimetric-material analysis and thermographic investigations, the work has allowed to identify the main forms of degradation that characterize the structure and the causes that generate it. The work conducted through the combination of multiple technologies demonstrates, once again, the importance of synergy and integrations between several instrumentations useful for the documentation of the built heritage, characterized by complex analyses and investigations based on increasingly interdisciplinary approaches.
Abstract
The article deals with the historic buildings and their insulation. It is generally known that classical thermal insulation of walls from the outside is not permissible due to the cultural ...value of historic facades. Compared to external insulation solutions, the implementation of internal insulation is more technically complex and faces several risks. In the article is devoted the chapter which deals with the aim of the application of internal insulation in historic buildings. There are mentioned risks associated with the application of internal insulation, which are related to the thermal-humidity behaviour of the structure. One chapter is devoted to faults that may occur after the application of internal insulation. These disorders have a building-physical character and also affect the hygienic criteria of the building. The larger chapter deals with insulating materials suitable for the purposes of interior insulation of historic buildings. The results of a case study from Dublin and Košice are also presented, where the thermal-humidity behaviour of selected thermal insulation materials was investigated. The results of moisture content and surface temperature before and after application of insulating materials are compared.
The promise of oceanic discovery has long intrigued scientists and explorers, whether with the idea of studying underwater ecology and climate change or with the hope of uncovering natural resources ...and historic secrets buried deep in archaeological sites. This quest to explore the oceans requires skilled human access, yet much of the oceans are inaccessible to human divers; nearly ninetenths of the ocean floor is at 1 km or deeper 1. Accessing these depths is imperative since factors such as pollution and deep-sea trawling threaten ecology and archaeological sites. While remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are inadequate for the task, a robotic avatar could go where humans cannot and still embody human intelligence and intentions through immersive interfaces.
Abstract
The article presents a proposal for the classification of historic buildings in terms of improving energy efficiency, ensuring the comfort of users and their impact on the environment. In ...the case of historic buildings, Polish law does not require energy efficiency improvement. The proposed classification also takes into account the function of the object and is largely based on "in situ" research. The presented model of classification will help users of historic buildings to undertake appropriate thermo-modernization measures to improve energy efficiency and comfort of use. In situ tests in historic buildings are of particular importance also for the correct diagnostics of this type of buildings.
The aim of this study was to empirically explore existential authenticity from the perspectives of visitors. Given that existentialism invites people to examine the authenticity of their personal ...lives and their society, an attempt was made in this study to examine the authenticity of visitors’ personal lives and their environments by conducting an empirical study concerning the Kaiping watchtowers site, a well-known Chinese heritage site. Two dimensions of existential authenticity were examined: intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticity. The results reveal that the authenticity of toured heritage sites and environments may be irrelevant to existential authenticity and that intrapersonal authenticity exerts a substantial influence on destination loyalty. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Abstract
The Bocca delle Menate archaeological site is located in Comacchio town (FE) and provides important evidence of the Roman presence in the Po Delta (Italy). The excavations realized sixty ...years ago have confirmed the presence of an extensive Roman villa and some part of it was highlighted. With the aim to identify the villa plan and the old highlighted archaeological remains, an archaeological preliminary survey and a geomagnetic geophysical campaign were carried out in October 2020. Although geophysical methods are now considered the best tools for archaeological detections, our results show that they are also excellent tools for the preservation, protection and monitoring of the excavated archaeological heritage.
As ofertas turísticas em áreas protegidas são mais frequentemente orientadas para o potencial biológico. Tomando o caso das áreas protegidas do complexo Oti-Kéran-Mandouri, este estudo observa que ...existe também um potencial de ecoturismo ligado à história a ser desenvolvida. Com base em levantamentos etnográficos e visitas de campo, foram identificados 52 sítios históricos, incluindo cavernas ancestrais, relíquias coloniais e outros sítios relacionados com a história dos povos. Este potencial ecoturístico ligado à história continua latente e subaproveitado nas estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade.
Bones and teeth are important sources of Pleistocene hominin DNA, but are rarely recovered at archaeological sites. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been retrieved from cave sediments but provides ...limited value for studying population relationships. We therefore developed methods for the enrichment and analysis of nuclear DNA from sediments and applied them to cave deposits in western Europe and southern Siberia dated to between 200,000 and 50,000 years ago. We detected a population replacement in northern Spain about 100,000 years ago, which was accompanied by a turnover of mtDNA. We also identified two radiation events in Neanderthal history during the early part of the Late Pleistocene. Our work lays the ground for studying the population history of ancient hominins from trace amounts of nuclear DNA in sediments.
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