Aiming to broaden and diversify knowledge about the origins of journalism studies, this article proposes a longitudinal examination of research on the press and journalists produced in Brazil, from ...the 1840s to the 1940s. It is shown that the first intellectuals interested in investigating the subject were doctors, engineers, jurists and theologians, as well as self-taught. Instead of simply classifying the production of this dilettante group under the label of “Whig history,” the study intends to understand the meaning and role that they, in common, attributed to journalism: the beacon of a young nation in progress. The analysis of the set of historical accounts identifies an approach that is at the same time liberal — as it frames absolutist Portugal as the main obstacle to the introduction of the press in Colonial Brazil — and nativist — as it overestimates the development of Brazilian journalism during the period of the Empire, equating it with the British and French cases. Ultimately, these reactions to colonial powers could be seen as early impulses to current efforts to decolonize the field.
RESUMEN Juan Lasserre, inmigrante francés llegado a Buenos Aires hacia mediados de la década de 1820, fue pionero de la prensa francófona en la región, y protagonista del periodismo rioplatense a lo ...largo de un cuarto de siglo, entre 1826 y 1850. Aunque no fue el primer francés con participación en el periodismo local, sí fue el primero en hacerlo en forma continua y sistemática, y en alcanzar cierta notoriedad con iniciativas, incluso antes de la irrupción y fama del suizo francés César Hipólito Bacle y su taller litográfico. Pero su actividad periodística se vio truncada una y otra vez por las circunstancias del contexto: detenciones, juicios, clausuras, dificultades para lograr viabilidad económica de sus emprendimientos periodísticos, necesidad de dedicarse a otras actividades más rentables, destierros en el contexto de las guerras civiles rioplatenses conforman gran parte de su vida en la región. Tales circunstancias son análogas a las vividas por otros protagonistas franceses de la prensa periódica argentina en el mismo período - como el mencionado Bacle, entre otros - en el que la actividad periodística no garantizaba su sostenibilidad sólo en el mercado de lectores y anuncios, sino que debía adaptarse a una fuerte dependencia del Estado y las facciones políticas que pugnaban por el control del gobierno. La necesidad de estos periodistas de comprender y adaptarse a estas circunstancias para ejercer el periodismo, o en su defecto, de abandonar la posibilidad de su ejercicio y dedicarse a otro tipo de actividades, contrasta con condiciones muy diferentes que vivieron los franceses que participaron en el periodismo en el período siguiente, a partir de la década de 1850. En este trabajo se exploran las características de la intervención periodística de Lasserre entre su primer periódico, publicado en 1826, y el último, publicado durante el año 1850, en el marco de las circunstancias históricas que le tocó vivir. Se observa que su intervención fue innovadora en varios aspectos vinculados con el uso de la lengua francesa en el periodismo local, así como con la estrategia retórica del periódico, aunque no lo fue en las características generales ni en la forma de mantenerlo, aspectos propios del periodismo rioplatense de su época. Se observa también, a lo largo de sucesivas residencias con actividad periodística en Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Paysandú y Concepción del Uruguay, una creciente aceptación de su dependencia del poder político para ejercer la actividad.
ABSTRACT Juan Lasserre, a French immigrant who arrived in Buenos Aires in the mid-1820s, pioneered the French-speaking press in the region and played a leading role in the journalism in Rio de la Plata for a quarter of a century between 1826 and 1850. Although he was not the first Frenchman with participation in local journalism, he was the first to do it in a continuous and systematic way, and to achieve some notoriety with initiatives, even before the arrival and fame of Swiss-French César Hipólito Bacle and his lithographic workshop. But his journalistic activity was truncated again and again by the circumstances: arrests, trials, closures, difficulties to achieve economic viability of his journalistic endeavours, need to engage in more lucrative activities, and exile in the context of Río de la Plata civil wars integrated much of his life in the region. Such circumstances are analogous to those experienced by other French protagonists of the Argentine periodical press during the same period - such as Bacle, among others - in which journalistic activity could not guarantee its sustainability in the market of readers and advertisements alone, to adapt to a strong dependency on the State and the political factions that fought for the control of the government. The need these journalists had of understanding and adapting themselves to these circumstances to exercise journalism, or, failing that, of abandoning that possibility and engaging in other types of activities contrasts with very different conditions experienced by the French who participated in journalism in the following period, from the 1850s. This paper explores the characteristics of Lasserre ‘s journalistic intervention between his first periodical published in 1826 and the last periodical published in 1850 in the context of the historical circumstances in which he lived. His intervention was innovative in several aspects related to the use of the French language in local journalism, as well as to the rhetorical strategy of the newspaper, although it was not innovative in the general characteristics and way of supporting it, which was typical of the journalism in Rio de la Plata. Along successive residences with journalistic activity in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Paysandú and Conception of Uruguay, a growing acceptance of his dependence of political power to carry on with his work could also be noticed.
A significant part of Brazilian journalism research has been influenced by French academic culture. This article reconstructs the last 60 years of journalism studies in Brazil considering the ...relations established with France since the first scholars at the Institut Français de Presse, but also semioticians, historians, sociologists and philosophers from other institutions. This overview, focused on those who have received French approaches, shows the main trends and challenges that Brazilian scholars have been dealing with developing their own works in methodological and theoretical terms. Each study is commented on within its respective field of knowledge—such as language, sociology, anthropology and history—and then compared with the others. The key argument is that there are several and even conflicting French references that guide the approaches and understandings adopted by journalism researchers in Brazil.
This paper analyzes the information that was disseminated in the Netherlands and Spain-and other territories connected to the latter such as Portugal and Flanders under Habsburg rule-about the taking ...by the Dutch of the city of San Salvador de Bahia in Brazil, and his subsequent recovery by a Spanish-Portuguese expedition (1624-1625). Despite the different communicative structures, these national journalisms shared professional strategies to inform about the conflicts that occurred in the distant Brazilian lands. Given the difficulty of informing promptly and truthfully, the discourse of the Dutch and Spanish newspapers about their colonies alternates between the information explosion and silence, depending on the alternation between victories and defeats in American territory. News was as connected as were the empires that controlled vast territories in Europe and America, despite the ideological and religious differences of the era.
The purpose of the study involves representing the image of the outstanding Siberian public figure N. M. Yadrintsev through textual analysis of necrologies dedicated to him, published in the ...newspaper “Eastern Review”, 1894. The edition was a great success among the provincial and metropolitan public. The choice of chronological framework is explained by the year of the enlightener’s death. The ongoing research is based on the methodology of “new intellectual and cultural history”, revealing the facets of a historical figure and his ideological heritage in the perception of the worldview of his contemporaries and colleagues. To implement research plans, the theory of historical memory was used. The anthropological approach emphasizing the individual with his way of thinking and characteristic behavioral traits was important for this study. Also, content analysis as a form of historical research was widely used in the work. Such tools made it possible not only to identify the content of written sources, but also to show their social context. The author emphasizes that after the death of N.M. Yadrintsev, many obituary texts were published in memory of the public figure. The work shows that obituary materials reveal N.M. Yadrintsev as a talented journalist, traveler, writer, and expert on the Siberian frontier. In this vein, the social significance of the enlightenment’s heritage is emphasized and his social and professional status is noted.
Resumen: Este trabajo postula la existencia de una prensa de sucesos consolidada e influyente (por su tirada y por la entidad de los cambios periodísticos que introduce) en España durante el período ...de la Restauración (1874-1923). Algunos editores pusieron en práctica esta forma de atraer la atención y el interés del público, apelando a noticias marcadas por la tragedia y la muerte. A través del análisis de los semanarios Las Noticias Ilustradas (1883), Los Sucesos (1904-1917), Las Novedades (1908) y La Semana Ilustrada (1917), se observa la rivalidad creciente en la época en torno al periodismo sensacionalista. Se analiza el rol de editores como Eduardo Sojo, Domingo Blanco Misamigo o la Editorial Estampa para evidenciar las apuestas empresariales que consolidaron la versión española de la prensa de crónica roja, así como las características narrativas empleadas y la emergencia del periodismo gráfico de sucesos.
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