There is devoted to the comprehensive analysis of studies of one of the oldest estuaries of North-West Black Sea — the hyperhaline Kuyalnyk Estuary (an analogue of the Dead Sea in Ukraine). The ...interest for its study is determined by the richness of its mineral and balneological resources. The special attention attracts the valuable sulphide muds, which value, according to preliminary estimates, is about 7 billion dollars. Currently estuary is suffering from an ecological disaster: it is drying up, its morphometric characteristics are changing catastrophically (the water area surface and the depth are decreasing), the brine mineralization reaches 300 ‰ or more, and the salt from the exposed bottom of the estuary is transported to considerable distances, which threatens the salinization of agricultural lands and homesteads of coastal settlements. In that conditions the estuary loses the ability to restore its invaluable natural resources. Comprehensive information on the assessment of Kuyalnyk Estuary state and the state of its resources is extremely important for the development of measures for protection, restoration and preservation of this unique treasury of natural resources and the implementation of strategy for their rational use. We carried out a critical analysis and generalization of Kuyalnyk Estuary geoecosystem research results for the over a nearly 200-year period (1829-2020) for the first time. Here are highlighted the main stages and reflected directions of research, presented their chronology. The research and publishing activities also highlighted. The role and the work of societies members which were created at the Imperial Novorossiysk University (now the Odesa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov) in direction of research into the nature of Odesa estuaries, and in particular Kuyalnyk Estuary, its mineral and balneological resources, are discussed. The contribution of scientific organizations and scientists to development of research on the current stage also analyzed. The main attention paid to the fundamental complex research of the geo-ecosystem of Kuyalnyk Estuary. It shown that the modern period characterized by quite powerful system of data collection and intensive accumulation of knowledge about this unique reservoir. This made possible to generalize the material accumulated over these two centuries, which reflected in the work started in 2018. "Encyclopedia of Kuyalnik estuary" (in 8 volumes) was published by the Physical-Chemical Institute of Environmental and Human Protection of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Modern western chemistry was introduced into Japan (Nagasaki) from end of the Edo era to the beginning of the Meiji era. After that, a number of excellent students were selected to study abroad at ...European universities, where they learned full-scale organic chemistry. After returning to Japan, they laid thefoundation for original organic chemistry in Japan, not simply imitating Western-style practices. It can be said that they were the builders of organic chemistry in Japan. At the same time, the Japanese government established university systems in stages and developed modern organic chemistry. The efforts of those prominent pioneers in organic chemistry made the foundation for Japan's internationally competitive pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. This paper describes the historical achievements of the builders and successors born before 1900.
This article makes an assessment of Hebrew Bible studies in the current decade of the 2020s. It points to four defining areas for Hebrew Bible research in the coming years. These four areas are the ...body, climate and ecology, the non-Western world, and the ever-increasing fluidity of the boundaries of the field.
In this paper, we put together the most important facts that lead to the research on chernozem. Thanks to the work of V. V. Dokuchaev (1846–1903), chernozem stands at the forefront of pedology. In ...1883, Dokuchaev introduced the first concept of chernozem: he defined chernozem as a steppe soil with pedogenesis dominated by a dry continental climate and steppe vegetation, with calcareous parent material. Chernozem is a soil well known for its high agronomical potential; therefore the perception of chernozem as something extraordinary valuable goes back far into history. Our review presents the key factors of the pedogenesis of chernozem by explaining the causes of the high stability of its organic matter and the role of vegetation and fauna in this process. Moreover, it shows that chernozem can have many aspects due to various (a) textures, (b) chemical compositions, (c) influence of water, (d) fauna, or (e) anthropogenic factors. We examine the position of chernozem in numerous national and international soil classifications over time. We have found out that chernozem had been classified, according to its properties, as a “steppe soil”, as a “calcic soil” or as an “isohumic soil”.
Why have the social and human sciences shown such disinterest in material culture? How has this neglect affected archaeology? How do things and materiality at large relate to human beings and 'social ...life'? These questions are addressed in this article which also critically examines social constructivist and phenomenological approaches to material culture. Arguing against the maxim that 'all that is solid melts into air', it is claimed that to understand important aspects of past and present societies, we have to relearn to ascribe action, goals and power to many more 'agents' than the human actor - in other words, to re-member things.
The South African Education Research Association (SAERA) was established a decade ago to provide a national home for all education researchers and scholars and a forum in which the interests of South ...African education could be engaged with critically for the public good. Its central aim is to contribute to the intellectual and scholarly field of education research in South Africa. Using documentary analysis of primary sources and interviews with past SAERA presidents, we outline the establishment of this new national research association as well as the strategies undertaken to realise its goals. These strategies include partnering with the Journal of Education, holding annual conferences, setting up Special Interest Groups, and providing early career researcher support. We analyse these strategies critically in order to identify their successes and challenges to date and discuss some future considerations for the association.
Humans demonstrate species-wide bilateral asymmetry in long bone dimensions. Previous studies have documented greater right-biases in upper limb bone dimensions—especially in length and diaphyseal ...breadth—as well as more asymmetry in the upper limb when compared with the lower limb. Some studies have reported left-bias in lower limb bone dimensions, which, combined with the contralateral asymmetry in upper limbs, has been termed “crossed symmetry.” The examination of sexual dimorphism and population variation in asymmetry has been limited.
This study re-examines these topics in a large, geographically and temporally diverse sample of 780 Holocene adult humans. Fourteen bilateral measures were taken, including maximum lengths, articular and peri-articular breadths, and diaphyseal breadths of the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius. Dimensions were converted into percentage directional (%DA) and absolute (%AA) asymmetries. Results reveal that average diaphyseal breadths in both the upper and lower limbs have the greatest absolute and directional asymmetry among all populations, with lower asymmetry evident in maximum lengths or articular dimensions. Upper limb bones demonstrate a systematic right-bias in all dimensions, while lower limb elements have biases closer to zero %DA, but with slight left-bias in diaphyseal breadths and femoral length. Crossed symmetry exists within individuals between similar dimensions of the upper and lower limbs. Females have more asymmetric and right-biased upper limb maximum lengths, while males have greater humeral diaphyseal and head breadth %DAs. The lower limb demonstrates little sexual dimorphism in asymmetry. Industrial groups exhibit relatively less asymmetry than pre-industrial humans and less dimorphism in asymmetry. A mixture of influences from both genetic and behavioral factors is implicated as the source of these patterns.
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