California Cities are Precluded from Applying Inclusionary Housing Requirements to Rental Housing As in numerous other states, many California cities have adopted inclusionary housing ordinances to ...provide affordable housing.12 Under Palmer/Sixth Street Properties, L.P. v. City of Los Angeles, California cities may no longer apply such requirements to rental housing.13 The case arose out of a Los Angeles specific plan that required developers to provide affordable housing in connection with certain residential and mixed-use projects.14 The plan required the developer of a 350-unit project to replace sixty low-income units that had previously been demolished on the site, or to pay an in-lieu fee of more than $96,000 per unit.15 The developer challenged the affordable housing requirement as a violation of the state's Costa-Hawkins Act,16 which established a "vacancy decontrol" law that allows landlords to set the initial rental rate for new dwelling units and to increase the rent to market levels whenever a unit is vacated.17 The trial court agreed with the developer, finding that applying the city's affordable housing requirements to new development would be "fatally inconsistent" with the Costa-Hawkins Act.18 The court of appeals affirmed, ruling that the city's affordable housing requirement conflicts with and is preempted by the Costa-Hawkins Act, because forcing developers to provide affordable housing units to obtain project approval is "clearly hostile" to the developers' right to set the initial rent for a dwelling unit.19 The court also determined that because the fee amount is based solely on the number of affordable housing units a developer must provide, the in-lieu fee was "inextricably intertwined" with the affordable housing requirement and, therefore, also preempted.20 Importantly, however, the decision has no effect on affordable housing requirements imposed on for-sale housing.
This paper examines the stagnation of the Dutch housing production in the late 1990s and identifies possibilities for raising production in the near future. Dutch housing production is placed in a ...theoretical and historical context. Special attention is devoted to the relationship between housing production, price developments, the economic cycle and urbanization policy. These form the basis for an explanation of the stagnation of Dutch housing production. In addition, it identifies a number of obstructive and disruptive influences in play. Because these are partly steered by government policy, the government needs to re-think its role in the housing (construction) market.
The paper deals with the global and Russian market of additive technologies evaluates its main indicators: growth rates, financial volumes, identify key players in the 3D printing market. The ...promising area of additive technologies is the construction industry. Especially it is very important for Russia, where the lack of housing is an urgent problem. Innovative projects implementation has the main problem - to evaluate their effectiveness. In this regard, an assessment model of investment information project using 3D printing in the sphere of individual housing was proposed. The result of the simulation was the use of additive technologies would be effective only in the segment of mass construction. Besides, the cost of one square meter of individual housing built using additive technologies in comparison with traditional forms of construction in the Russian market will be lower in the range from 2.5 to 3.1 times, depending on the used approaches.
"'Miracle House Hoop-La'" is a primary-source study of the influence of the tropes of "dream houses" and "miracle houses" within the building industry from 1944 to 1946. Though technophilic "miracle ...houses" had been dreamed up and promised to a desperate public throughout the Depression and the war years, the imminent challenges of the postwar housing crisis caused developers and builders alike suddenly to downplay the very vision they had been peddling, fearful that consumers would demand too much from their housing. Accordingly, the industry made a concerted effort to define the perfect postwar house as a site of "pseudo-individuality," rather than as a site of technological miracles. Drawing primarily on trade journals as a window on the industry, the article makes the case that this episode is emblematic of relations between industrial forces and social constructions of the individual.
During the Pinochet regime, the city of Santiago as elsewhere in Chile, was the locus of specific housing and urban development policies, policies that complemented the conservative economic ...objectives of the military dictatorship. This paper presents a case study of Pudahuel, a municipality in western Santiago, Chile to exemplify the intersection between the managerial decisions of the regime's entrepreneurial state and urban land use. This paper also introduces the term "loyalty dividend" as a means to explain the entrepreneurial profit motive during Pinochet's regime. Social housing programs, shantytown eradication and in situ renovation, population densification programs, municipal realignment and public-private partnerships each promoted by the entrepreneurial state were significant catalysts to landscape changes in Pudahuel. Durante el régimen de Pinochet, tanto la ciudad de Santiago como otros lugares de Chile, fueron centros de ejecución de políticas específicas de desarrollo residencial y urbano que complementaron los objetivos económicos conservadores de la dictadura militar. Este artículo presenta como caso de estudio a Pudahuel; un municipio en el oeste de Santiago de Chile, en el cual se ejemplifica la articulación de las decisiones gerenciales del régimen empresarial del estado y el uso del suelo. El articulo también introduce el término "dividendo de lealtad" como un modo de explicar el motivo de la ganancia empresarial durante el régimen de Pinochet. Programas de vivienda social, erradicación de campamentos, así como renovación in situ, densificación poblacional, reorganización municipal y la formación de sociedades público-privadas, configuran un conjunto de acciones promovidas por el estado empresarial que fueron catalizadores significativos en los cambios del paisaje de Pudahuel.
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the academic discussion about the reconfiguration of the borders and spatial distances in Medellin and its effects in the city’s social order, based on ...the study carried out in the area of El Poblado. On the one hand, we will approach to middle and high-class inhabitants’ discourse, in order to understand the symbolic construction of urban space and the city images that are currently emerging in this part of the city. On the other hand, we will study the impact of urban construction projects’ publicity and its implicit idea of “city”, which promote a very specific relation between the inhabitants of this area with the other places of the city, entailing different ways of life and social relationships. We are interested in understand how the idea and development of El Poblado as a new –or alternative– centrality and of housing development as the predominant type of housing, reinforce and codify the sense of social distinction that brings about spatial segregation towards those considered “the others”, eternal to the environment.
U članku su analizirani građevinski propisi grada Zagreba u trećem desetljeću 20. stoljeća zaključno s Građevinskim zakonom Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Dan je naglasak na građevinske propise za stambenu ...izgradnju. Međunarodnim natječajem za generalni regulacijski plan Zagreba postavljene su opće smjernice za razvoj grada, a normativni okvir određen je stupanjem na snagu Građevinskog zakona 1931. godine, kada je završila epoha autonomnoga komunalnog sustava građevinskog prava naslijeđenog iz austrougarskoga doba.
Through the intersections of Japanese immigrant settlement and the aestheticization of suburban racial homogeneity, this paper examines real estate marketing at the turn of the twentieth century in ...San Francisco. In a small brochure, Object Lessons in Home Building, developers Baldwin and Howell promoted racial covenants as part of a set of deed covenants attached to a model planned gated suburb, Presidio Terrace. Deed covenants were used to ensure protection from the nuisances of uncontrolled growth following the 1906 earthquake and to create a community of "Caucasians" only in Presidio Terrace. Among such progressive urban design amenities as underground utilities, asphalt roads for automobiles, and private picturesque streets, racial covenants guaranteed racial homogeneity as an integral part of desirable suburban housing. Baldwin and Howell marketed Presidio Terrace lots by focusing comparatively on the settlement of Japanese immigrants in the Western Addition district of San Francisco as undesirable and blighted by racial pathologies. Following the 1906 earthquake, Japanese immigrants improved their housing through the re-use of older single-family homes rather than new housing which they could not afford and from which they had been excluded from living except as domestic servants. By relating these phenomena, this essay seeks to demonstrate how racialized real estate marketing represented, embodied, and defined access to property, citizenship, political power, and national belonging.
KEYWORDS Race, real estate, suburbs, Japanese Americans
A supply of dwellings greater than the demand, a reduction in the availability of housing loans and increased credit risk, caused, inter alia, by the financial crisis: these are the basic features of ...today's residential property and commercial premises markets in Croatia today. Built but unsold housing units have exposed private investors, who have organised the supply of units within the balance sheet of their firms, to significant risk of underinvestment. The materialisation of this risk is most manifested in the impossibility of funding the core business because of loans that they have agreed on for the construction of dwelling units meant for sale on the market. The paper then proposes a model that, if it were applied, could insure investors to a greater extent against the risk of underinvestment. The supply of dwelling units with protected rentals by the local public sector organised in the traditional manner, i.e. according to a model in which the local public sector figures in the role of investor, distributes the burden of development costs onto the future generations as well. However, practice has shown that traditional models inequitably expose future generations to the risk of a reduction in the quality of this kind of public service. From this point of view the proposed model transfers to the future generation not only the costs but also the obligations to secure equal qualities of public service in such a way that the private investor long-term assumes the risk of the availability of public building. The problem in this kind of organisation of the supply of a public service is double taxation via VAT, changes in the law concerning which are accordingly proposed.
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