For those at the high end of the trafficking chain, the sex trade is an alluring and lucrative business: the supply of girls is constant, the costs of operations are low, and interference from law ...enforcement is weak to non-existent. Anti-trafficking organizations and governments commonly appropriate such market metaphors of supply and demand as they struggle with the moral-political dimensions of a business involving trade, labor, prostitution, migration, and national borders. But how apt are they? Is the sex trade really the perfect business? This provocative new book examines the social worlds and interrelationships of traffickers, victims, and trafficking activists along the Thai-Lao border. It explores local efforts to reconcile international legal concepts, the bureaucratic prescriptions of aid organizations, and global development ideologies with on-the-ground realities of sexual commerce.Author Sverre Molland provides an insider's view of recruitment and sex commerce gleaned from countless conversations and interviews in bars and brothels-a view that complicates popular stereotypes of women forced or duped into prostitution by organized crime. Molland's fine-grained ethnography shows a much more varied picture of friends recruiting friends, and families helping relatives. A recruiter rationalizes her act as a benefit or favor to a village friend; relationships between prostitutes and bar owners are cloaked in kin terms and familial metaphors. Sex work in the Mekong region follows patron-client cultural scripts about mutual help and obligation, which makes distinguishing the victims from the traffickers difficult. Molland's research illuminates the methods and motivations of recruiters as well as the economic incentives and predicaments of victims.The Perfect Business?is the first book to go beyond the usual focus on migrants and sex commerce to explore the institutional context of anti-trafficking. Its author, himself a former advisor for a United Nations anti-trafficking project, raises crucial questions about how an increasingly globalized development aid sector responds to what might more accurately be described as an extraterritorial development challenge of human mobility. His book will offer insights to students and scholars in anthropology, gender studies, and human geography, as well as anyone interested in one of the most controversial issues of development policy.
Human trafficking and child sex trafficking and sexual exploitation in particular are global public health issues with widespread, lasting impacts on children, families, and communities. ...Traditionally, human trafficking has been treated as a law enforcement problem with an emphasis on the arrest and prosecution of traffickers. However, use of a public health approach focuses efforts on those impacted by exploitation: trafficked persons, their families, and the population at large. It promotes strategies to build a solid scientific evidence base that allows development, implementation, and evaluation of prevention and intervention efforts, informs policy and program development, and guides international efforts at eradication. This article uses the public health approach to address human trafficking, with a focus on child sex trafficking and exploitation. Recommendations are made for public health professionals to contribute to antitrafficking efforts globally.
Introducción. La trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual es un problema social creciente en las sociedades democráticas actuales, que impacta mayoritariamente en mujeres y niñas (Eurostat, ...2018). Es también un delito (Protocolo de Palermo UN, 2000), una violación de derechos humanos, y una manifestación de violencia de género (Declaración de Naciones Unidas para la Eliminación de la Violencia contra las Mujeres UN, 1993) y una forma de esclavitud (Correa, 2011) cometida contra las mujeres más empobrecidas. Propósito. Este artículo se centra en las mujeres subsaharianas tratadas que llegan al sur de Europa a través de rutas de compra-venta de personas que recorren África atravesando, lugares como Lagos, Tin Zaoautin (Malí), la ciudad de Tamanrasset (Argelia), el Desierto del Sáhara, o determinadas ciudades de Marruecos antes de cruzar a Europa a través de las costas del sur de España. Se muestran los recursos que estas utilizan al atravesar los contextos de explotación y prostitución forzada mencionados. Metodología. A través de la revisión de la literatura, nuestra investigación recoge la resiliencia como un eje presente en distintos ámbitos de conocimiento, como la psicología y la literatura, entre otras, para mostrar un cambio de mirada y un nuevo acercamiento a este fenómeno, así como a los procesos puestos en marcha por estas mujeres desde un enfoque de capacidad. Resultados. Se muestran ejemplos de mujeres, recogidos desde distintas disciplinas y campos del saber, que habiendo estado en contextos de trata han llevado a cabo procesos de fortalecimiento, recuperación y crecimiento personal. Aportación. Nuestra aportación es original en la medida en que contribuye a una nueva comprensión de la capacidad de resiliar de esta población a pesar de las adversas condiciones de su experiencia migratoria.
Sex trafficking Kara, Siddharth
2010., 20081117, 2017, 2008, 2009-01-22, 2016-09-06, 20090101
eBook
Every year, hundreds of thousands of women and children are abducted, deceived, seduced, or sold into forced prostitution, coerced to service hundreds if not thousands of men before being discarded. ...These trafficked sex slaves form the backbone of one of the world's most profitable illicit enterprises and generate huge profits for their exploiters, for unlike narcotics, which must be grown, harvested, refined, and packaged, sex slaves require no such "processing," and can be repeatedly "consumed." Kara first encountered the horrors of slavery in a Bosnian refugee camp in 1995. Subsequently, in the first journey of its kind, he traveled across four continents to investigate these crimes and take stock of their devastating human toll. Kara made several trips to India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Albania, Moldova, Mexico, and the United States. He witnessed firsthand the sale of human beings into slavery, interviewed over four hundred slaves, and confronted some of those who trafficked and exploited them. In this book, Kara provides a riveting account of his journey into this unconscionable industry, sharing the moving stories of its victims and revealing the shocking conditions of their exploitation. He draws on his background in finance, economics, and law to provide the first ever business analysis of contemporary slavery worldwide, focusing on its most profitable and barbaric form: sex trafficking. Kara describes the local factors and global economic forces that gave rise to this and other forms of modern slavery over the past two decades and quantifies, for the first time, the size, growth, and profitability of each industry. Finally, he identifies the sectors of the sex trafficking industry that would be hardest hit by specifically designed interventions and recommends the specific legal, tactical, and policy measures that would target these vulnerable sectors and help to abolish this form of slavery, once and for all.
St. Anthony's Hospital honored our very own Edmond Cabbabe, MD, and his wife Rima, in celebration of Doctors' Day this year. Since June of last year, your Missouri Alliance has provided a $500 grant ...to North Kansas City Hospital to promote the Stop the Bleed program. In addition to its Family Zoo event in August, Greene County Alliance holds another family event in February at the Discovery Center Museum to bring medical families together with a successful attendance in place. ...we supported the House of Medicine during Physician Advocacy Day in February at Missouri's Capitol, and we will continue to support and promote physician families and the health issues that affect them.
In Modern Slavery – A Comparative Study of the Definition of Trafficking in Persons Dominika Borg Jansson discusses why, despite international anti-trafficking efforts, there are so few trafficking ...convictions worldwide. In an easily accessible language, the author explains why international legal harmonization in this area has been difficult. Making use of the concept of legal transplants, Dominika Borg Jansson compares experiences from Sweden, Poland and Russia offering insights into especially Russian legislation that are not widely available. The problems concerning the implementation of the international definition of trafficking are here divided into country-specific challenges and obstacles attributable to the original source. Jansson also addresses the effectiveness of criminalization of trafficking and offers suggestions on how future trafficking legislation might be framed.
This comprehensive Commentary provides the first fully up-to-date analysis and interpretation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. It offers a concise ...yet thorough article-by-article guide to the Convention’s anti-trafficking standards and corresponding human rights obligations.
Open
Human trafficking and exploitation of children have profound health consequences. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest survey on the health of child and adolescent survivors of human ...trafficking.
To describe experiences of abuse and exploitation, mental health outcomes, and suicidal behavior among children and adolescents in posttrafficking services. We also examine how exposures to violence, exploitation, and abuse affect the mental health and suicidal behavior of trafficked children.
A survey was conducted with 387 children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years in posttrafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, or Vietnam, which along with Laos, Myanmar, and Yunnan Province, China, compose the Greater Mekong Subregion. Participants were interviewed within 2 weeks of entering services from October 2011 through May 2013.
Depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-injury, and suicide attempts.
Among the 387 children and adolescent study participants, most (82%) were female. Twelve percent had tried to harm or kill themselves in the month before the interview. Fifty-six percent screened positive for depression, 33% for an anxiety disorder, and 26% for posttraumatic stress disorder. Abuse at home was reported by 20%. Physical violence while trafficked was reported by 41% of boys and 19% of girls. Twenty-three percent of girls and 1 boy reported sexual violence. Mental health symptoms were strongly associated with recent self-harm and suicide attempts. Severe physical violence was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio AOR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.64-7.71), anxiety (AOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.12-4.05), and suicidal ideation (AOR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.77-7.67). Sexual violence while trafficked was associated with depression (AOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.22-4.23) and suicidal ideation (AOR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.80-6.54).
Children and adolescents in posttrafficking care showed high symptom levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, which are strongly associated with self-harm or suicidal behaviors. Mental health screening and reintegration risk assessments are critical components of posttrafficking services, especially in planning for family reunification and other social integration options.
Recent articles have raised important questions about the validity of prevalence data on human trafficking, exposing flawed methodologies behind frequently cited statistics. While considerable ...evidence points to the fact that human trafficking does exist in the United States and abroad, many sources of literature continue to cite flawed data and some misuse research in ways that seemingly inflate the problem, which can have serious implications for anti-trafficking efforts, including victim services and anti-trafficking legislation and policy. This systematic review reports on the prevalence data used in 42 recently published books on sex trafficking to determine the extent to which published books rely on data estimates and just how they use or misuse existing data. The findings from this review reveal that the vast majority of published books do rely on existing data that were not rigorously produced and therefore may be misleading or at minimum, inaccurate. Implications for practice, research, and policy are discussed, as well as recommendations for future prevalence studies on human trafficking.
To investigate physical and mental health and experiences of violence among male and female trafficking survivors in a high-income country.
Our data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 150 ...men and women in England who were in contact with posttrafficking support services. Interviews took place over 18 months, from June 2013 to December 2014.
Participants had been trafficked for sexual exploitation (29%), domestic servitude (29.3%), and labor exploitation (40.4%). Sixty-six percent of women reported forced sex during trafficking, including 95% of those trafficked for sexual exploitation and 54% of those trafficked for domestic servitude. Twenty-one percent of men and 24% of women reported ongoing injuries, and 8% of men and 23% of women reported diagnosed sexually transmitted infections. Finally, 78% of women and 40% of men reported high levels of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Psychological interventions to support the recovery of this highly vulnerable population are urgently needed.
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