•Nitric oxide plays a major role in the regulation of intraocular pressure.•Nitic oxide directly acts on trabecular meshwork cells thereby increasing outflow.•Novel nitric oxide donors are an ...exciting new option in glaucoma treatment.
A reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only recognized therapy for glaucoma. Hence, drugs exhibiting ocular hypotensive effects are important targets for antiglaucomatous drug development. IOP is determined by the equilibrium of aqueous humor production and outflow through either the trabecular meshwork or the uveoscleral outflow pathway. There is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) has a major role in the regulation of IOP by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork and thereby lowering IOP. Taking advantage of this mechanism, newly designed NO-donating drugs combine the IOP-lowering effect of known substances with the trabecular meshwork outflow-increasing effect of NO. Here, we review the molecular mechanism of this new entity of IOP-lowering drugs.
Humor can be a powerful tool for increasing one’s status in a group and influencing others. Given that past research has indicated that the use of humor by a woman might harm her potential of ...advancing in the workplace, we examine the joint effect of humor style and gender on the likelihood of being perceived as a leader. Using a within-subjects vignette experiment, we collected data from 148 participants, with 73% being female, and an average age of 33.2 years old (
SD
= 9.8). We found that people using affiliative humor had a higher perceived chance of emerging as leaders compared to those using aggressive humor and gender itself did not have a significant effect on leadership emergence. Contrary to our expectations, the affiliative-aggressive humor discrepancy in leadership emergence was higher for men rather than women. These results are aligned with expectancy violation hypothesis pointing to a distinctiveness effect of incongruent role behaviors such that men tend to receive more credit for affiliative humor, while women tend to be penalized less for using aggressive humor in groups. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
La verificación de la presencia de juegos de palabras en la BH es un asunto controvertido, pues varían entre los especialistas los criterios para: 1) su definición, 2) su clasificación y 3) el ...discernimiento de sus funciones. Este artículo repasa diversos acercamientos al fenómeno en los estudios bíblicos, incidiendo en la disparidad de los criterios empleados y de los términos y las clasificaciones resultantes. Se quiere mostrar el modo de operar biblista comparando sus enfoques y métodos con otros de la lingüística actual, por lo que, previamente, se presentarán algunos resultados de la lingüística generativa en el terreno de los juegos de palabras para ilustrar: 1) las diferencias en percepción, catalogación y caracterización del juego de palabras entre la lingüística y los estudios bíblicos y, derivado de ello, 2) mostrar un posible camino a seguir por estos.
PurposeThe interest on leader humor styles is recent. By applying a trustworthiness framework, the authors examine (1) how leader humor styles contribute to performance and deviance via trust in the ...supervisor and (2) who benefits/suffers the most from different leader humor styles.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested their hypotheses in a sample of 428 employee–supervisor dyads from 19 organizations operating in the services sector.FindingsAffiliative and self-enhancing leader humor styles are particularly beneficial for employees with low core-self-evaluations, helping them develop trust in the supervisor and consequently improving their performance. An aggressive leader humor style, via decreased trust in the supervisor, reduces performance, regardless of employees' core self-evaluations. Self-enhancing and self-defeating leader humor styles also present significant relationships with organizational deviance.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the cross-sectional design and the limited number of mechanisms examined.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to train leaders in the use of humor and develop a culture where beneficial humor styles are endorsed, while detrimental humor styles are not tolerated.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the literatures on trust and humor, by showing that the use of humor is not as trivial as one could initially think, particularly for those with low core self-evaluations, and by expanding our knowledge of the mechanisms by which different leader humor styles may influence performance and deviance.
Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, we develop and test a theoretical model that specifies how and when employee humor toward leaders affects leader abusive supervision. We propose that ...employee humor is negatively associated with leader abusive supervision via leader relational energy. Furthermore, the negative indirect relationship between employee humor and leader abusive supervision via leader relational energy is stronger for female leaders than for male leaders. An experiment and a multi-wave, multi-source field study provide substantial support for our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the abusive supervision literature by identifying employee humor as a safe and effective bottom-up approach to prevent leader abusive supervision.
This qualitative study aims to investigate the competencies and effectiveness of humor use in workplace leadership. By exploring the elements underlying successful and unsuccessful humor use, this ...research offers insights into the competencies required for leaders to leverage humor effectively. Adopting a qualitative inductive approach, fifteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, generating a dataset of 51 critical incidents of humor use. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes, resulting in the identification of five central elements: Reading the context, Intention and motivation, Judgement and decision, Skillful delivery, and Understanding reactions. These elements provide a comprehensive framework for understanding humor use in the context of workplace leadership, emphasizing the importance of cognitive and emotional intelligence / competencies. The study proposes a theoretical framework based on these findings, providing the foundation of a new paradigm for understanding and measuring humor use. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the competencies and complexities involved in using humor as a leadership tool and provides practical implications for leaders aiming to enhance their leadership effectiveness through humor.
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