Hypertext is now commonplace: links and linking structure nearly all of our experiences online. Yet the literary, as opposed to commercial, potential of hypertext has receded. One of the few tools ...still focused on hypertext as a means for digital storytelling is Twine, a platform for building choice-driven stories without relying heavily on code. In Twining, Anastasia Salter and Stuart Moulthrop lead readers on a journey at once technical, critical, contextual, and personal. The book’s chapters alternate careful, stepwise discussion of adaptable Twine projects, offer commentary on exemplary Twine works, and discuss Twine’s technological and cultural background. Beyond telling the story of Twine and how to make Twine stories, Twining reflects on the ongoing process of making.
The aim at the core of this book is a synthesis of increasingly popular and culturally significant forms of digital literature on the one hand, and established literary and critical theory on the ...other: reading digital texts through the lens of canonical theory, but also reading this more traditional theory through the lens of digital texts and related media. In a field which has often regarded the digital as apart from traditional literature and theory, this book highlights continuities in order to analyse digital literature as part of a longer literary tradition. Using examples from social media to video games and works particularly by postmodern and poststructuralist theorists, Digital Literature and Critical Theory contextualises digital forms among their analogue precursors and traces ongoing social developments which find expression in these cultural phenomena, including power dynamics between authors and readers, the individual in (post-)modernity, consumerism, and the potential for intersubjective exchange.
In this paper, we present Google, a prototype of a large-scale search engine which makes heavy use of the structure present in hypertext. Google is designed to crawl and index the Web efficiently and ...produce much more satisfying search results than existing systems. The prototype with a full text and hyperlink database of at least 24million pages is available at http://google.stanford.edu/
To engineer a search engine is a challenging task. Search engines index tens to hundreds of millions of web pages involving a comparable number of distinct terms. They answer tens of millions of queries every day. Despite the importance of large-scale search engines on the web, very little academic research has been done on them. Furthermore, due to rapid advance in technology and web proliferation, creating a web search engine today is very different from 3years ago. This paper provides an in-depth description of our large-scale web search engine – the first such detailed public description we know of to date.
Apart from the problems of scaling traditional search techniques to data of this magnitude, there are new technical challenges involved with using the additional information present in hypertext to produce better search results. This paper addresses this question of how to build a practical large-scale system which can exploit the additional information present in hypertext. Also we look at the problem of how to effectively deal with uncontrolled hypertext collections, where anyone can publish anything they want.
Comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts Blom, Helen; Segers, Eliane; Knoors, Harry ...
Journal of computer assisted learning,
June 2018, 2018-06-00, 20180601, Letnik:
34, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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This study aims to investigate secondary school students' reading comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts with and without a graphic overview compared to linear digital texts. ...Additionally, it was studied whether prior knowledge, vocabulary, verbal, and visual working memory moderated the relation between text design and comprehension. Therefore, 80 first‐year secondary school students read both a linear text and a networked hypertext with and without a graphical overview. Logfiles registered their navigation. After reading the text, students answered textbased multiple choice questions and drew mindmaps to assess their structural knowledge of each text content. It was found that both textbased and structural knowledge were lower after reading a networked hypertext than a linear text, especially in students with lower levels of vocabulary. Students took generally more time to read the hypertext than the linear text. We concluded that networked hypertexts are more challenging to read than linear texts and that students may benefit from explicit training on how to read hypertexts.
Lay description
What is already known about this topic:
Reading comprehension of adults is lower in networked hypertexts than in linear texts.
Less is known about comprehension and navigation of networked hypertexts in secondary school students.
Individual skills (prior knowledge, vocabulary, verbal, and visuospatial working memory) are related to comprehension of hierarchical hypertexts.
Less is known about the influence of individual skills on students' comprehension of networked hypertexts.
What this paper adds:
Comprehension of networked hypertexts was lower than of linear digital texts.
Secondary school students took more time to read a hypertext than a linear digital text.
Secondary school students with lower vocabulary particularly were negatively affected by the networked structure.
Implications of study findings for practitioners:
Teachers need to be aware that reading a networked hypertext is more challenging than a linear text.
Explicit practice with reading a networked hypertext can be helpful for those students.
For the vast majority of stars in the second Gaia data release, reliable distances cannot be obtained by inverting the parallax. A correct inference procedure must instead be used to account for the ...nonlinearity of the transformation and the asymmetry of the resulting probability distribution. Here, we infer distances to essentially all 1.33 billion stars with parallaxes published in the second Gaia data release. This is done using a weak distance prior that varies smoothly as a function of Galactic longitude and latitude according to a Galaxy model. The irreducible uncertainty in the distance estimate is characterized by the lower and upper bounds of an asymmetric confidence interval. Although more precise distances can be estimated for a subset of the stars using additional data (such as photometry), our goal is to provide purely geometric distance estimates, independent of assumptions about the physical properties of, or interstellar extinction toward, individual stars. We analyze the characteristics of the catalog and validate it using clusters. The catalog can be queried using ADQL at http://gaia.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/tap.html (which also hosts the Gaia catalog) and downloaded from http://www.mpia.de/~calj/gdr2_distances.html.
This article proposes a digital edition of an early modern emblem by Alciato using the interactivity of the screen. It requires an active reader who seeks and explores links and anchors in order to ...decipher the specific and deeper meaning of this iconic and symbolic device. Such a meaning is experienced as a visual reading as well as an exploration of the iconic geography of the emblem itself. Keywords Alciatus, St. Ignatius Loyola, Emblems, Art of Memory Se propone una edicion digital de un emblema de Alciato usando la interactividad que proporciona la pantalla de ordenador. Se requiere un lector activo que investiga y explora enlaces y anclajes para descifrar el significado profundo del mecanimso iconico y simbolico. Este significado se experimenta como lectura visual a la vez que como exploracion de la geografia iconica del emblema. Palabras clave Alciato, San Ignacio de Loyola, Emblemas, Arte de la Memoria
Due to the rate adaptation in hypertext transfer protocol adaptive streaming, the video quality delivered to the client keeps varying with time depending on the end-to-end network conditions. ...Moreover, the varying network conditions could also lead to the video client running out of the playback content resulting in rebuffering events. These factors affect the user satisfaction and cause degradation of the user quality of experience (QoE). Hence, it is important to quantify the perceptual QoE of the streaming video users and to monitor the same in a continuous manner so that the QoE degradation can be minimized. However, the continuous evaluation of QoE is challenging as it is determined by complex dynamic interactions among the QoE influencing factors. Toward this end, we present long short-term memory (LSTM)-QoE, a recurrent neural network-based QoE prediction model using an LSTM network. The LSTM-QoE is a network of cascaded LSTM blocks to capture the nonlinearities and the complex temporal dependencies involved in the time-varying QoE. Based on an evaluation over several publicly available continuous QoE datasets, we demonstrate that the LSTM-QoE has the capability to model the QoE dynamics effectively. We compare the proposed model with the state-of-the-art QoE prediction models and show that it provides an excellent performance across these datasets. Furthermore, we discuss the state space perspective for the LSTM-QoE and show the efficacy of the state space modeling approaches for the QoE prediction.
The reading of Amor de Clarice, by Rui Torres, imposes at least two embarassments to the critical analysis. One of them is due to the fact that the piece submits reading, since the title, to the ...Clarice Lispector's aesthetics, when it elects as the starting point the creation of the Clarice Lispector's short story, published in Lacos de familia, in 1960. The other, is related to its material formalization, and it requires analysis mechanisms attentive to the configuration hypertextual, and also the coexistence of verbal language with other languages. This essay is based on the assumption that both embarassments can be elaborated critically and used as analysis tool: the meanings consolidated in Clarice Lispector's short story can be read as elements that 'deprogram' (Machado, 2007) the digital technique, employed on the material formalization of Amor de Clarice, at the same time that this material formalization can be identified as what enables displacing and expanding the meanings of Clarice Lispector's short story. The analysis of the piece is supported by the reflections of Marku Eskellinen (2012) about the intertextuality on the context of cybertextuality and by those from George Landow (1994; 2009), about the hypertext.
The reading of Amor de Clarice, by Rui Torres, imposes at least two embarassments to the critical analysis. One of them is due to the fact that the piece submits reading, since the title, to the ...Clarice Lispector's aesthetics, when it elects as the starting point the creation of the Clarice Lispector's short story, published in Lacos de familia, in 1960. The other, is related to its material formalization, and it requires analysis mechanisms attentive to the configuration hypertextual, and also the coexistence of verbal language with other languages. This essay is based on the assumption that both embarassments can be elaborated critically and used as analysis tool: the meanings consolidated in Clarice Lispector's short story can be read as elements that 'deprogram' (Machado, 2007) the digital technique, employed on the material formalization of Amor de Clarice, at the same time that this material formalization can be identified as what enables displacing and expanding the meanings of Clarice Lispector's short story. The analysis of the piece is supported by the reflections of Marku Eskellinen (2012) about the intertextuality on the context of cybertextuality and by those from George Landow (1994; 2009), about the hypertext. Keywords: digital literature; intertextuality, hypermedia; deprogrammation of the technique. A leitura de Amor de Clarice, de Rui Torres, impoe pelo menos dois constrangimentos a analise critica. Um deles relaciona-se com o fato de que a peca submete a leitura, desde o titulo, a estetica clariceana, quando elege como ponto de partida da criacao o conto de Clarice Lispector, publicado em Lacos de familia, em 1960. O outro, diz respeito as dificuldades que a criacao digital impoe a leitura literaria, no que diz respeito a sua formalizacao material, e que exige mecanismos de analise atentos a configuracao hipertextual, bem como a convivencia da linguagem verbal com outras linguagens. Este ensaio parte do pressuposto de que ambos os constrangimentos podem ser elaborados criticamente e usados como ferramentas de analise: os significados consolidados do conto de Clarice Lispector podem ser lidos como elementos que 'desprogramam' (Machado, 2007) a tecnica digital, empregada na formalizacao material de Amor de Clarice, ao mesmo tempo em que essa formalizacao material poderia ser identificada como o que possibilita deslocar e ampliar os significados do conto clariceano. A analise do objeto em questao esta amparada pelas reflexoes de Marku Eskelinen (2012) sobre a intertextualidade no contexto da cibertextualidade e nas de George Landow (1994; 2009), sobre o hipertexto. Palavras-chave: literatura digital; intertextualidade; hipermidia; desprogramacao da tecnica.
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