Este artigo analisa a relevância da efetiva participação dos acionistas na fiscalização e acompanhamento das atividades empresariais, das companhias de capital aberto, com especial ênfase na ...possibilidade de utilização de informações disponíveis na Internet como facilitadoras dessas práticas. Muito embora a fiscalização pelo acionista deva ocorrer dentro dos parâmetros determinados na lei, como na ação judicial de exibição de livros proposta por acionistas minoritários, a rede mundial de computadores pode propiciar que essa análise seja incrementada pelas ferramentas disponível na web. A metodologia empregada fundamenta-se na técnica analítica, na qual são avaliados os aspectos formalistas da sistematização das normas jurídicas, com foco no ordenamento jurídico e suas relações internas, somado ao enfoque hermenêutico. A pesquisa conclui que as normas vigentes no Brasil para regular as atividades das sociedades anônimas exigem que as companhias disponibilizem informações aos investidores e ao mercado, além de determinar que uma série de outras informações sejam prestadas aos órgãos fiscalizadores, em especial, à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). Nesse contexto a internet pode servir como propulsora na resposta aos requisitos legais e no aumento da transparência dos atos empresariais.
Nowadays, the theme of computer thinking is a common topic for educational research. The scientific literature on the subject has gradually appeared, in which psychologists emphasize the need for the ...development of thinking of children. Research often relates only to the development of computational thinking at elementary and high schools. Nowadays, almost everything is digitalized, so it is important to also develop the computational thinking skills of students at higher levels. In our study, we present the results of the conducted data analysis in which we examined the development of students’ efficiency. On the basis of the results, we propose a possible solution for the development of computational thinking. Using data research processes, we examined the results of the object-oriented (OO) planning and programming subject of Budapest Business School, going back 5 years. The results show that the level of particular computational thinking could be measured using the exam results, and teacher advancement (experience) improved the level of particular computational thinking. Today, education has been greatly influenced by COVID-19, challenging not only teachers but also students. The production of particular computational thinking under COVID-19 or online is much more effective than the pursuit of full computational thinking through traditional teaching.
La transformación digital de la sociedad ha dado lugar al auge de dos corrientes opuestas en su interpretación sobre la relación entre tecnología y democracia. Por una parte, empresas e instituciones ...recogen y procesan cada vez más información sobre la ciudadanía para optimizar la toma de decisiones. Por otra, la sociedad civil encuentra en las tecnologías digitales una herramienta para la monitorización del poder y la denuncia ciudadana. En este artículo analizamos estas dos aproximaciones que beben de tradiciones democráticas distintas y persiguen objetivos diferentes, a las que llamamos la democracia vigilada y la democracia monitorizada. Lo hacemos prestando atención tanto a su dimensión procedimental, relativa a las características y limitaciones de los procesos y los métodos propuestos, como a su dimensión sustantiva, concerniente a sus principios y fundamentos teóricos. Finalmente, planteamos propuestas para avanzar hacia un desarrollo tecnológico justo y que contribuya a afianzar y profundizar los sistemas democráticos.
The article addresses the major education trend as a continuous, lifelong process. Evolution is an integral process underlying human life while also reflecting the progress of human activity in ...various domains. Human life is believed to remold historical development. It is a major factor in progress that results from the implementation of new ideas. This aspect is relevant for the study of the functions of education in the context of civilizational progress of society and man in particular.
The study sets forth with the major theoretical and methodological approaches to the basic principles of formal and non-formal education. Neuropedagogy is also highlighted as one of the main aspects of motivation for learning both in formal and informal education reflecting the educational needs for society. The article also explores the impact of physiological aspects on personality motivation structure. The concepts of neuropedagogy, formal education and non-formal education are revealed. The article defines the basic concepts of education of the 21st century, in particular, in the context of formality. The results of the research suggest that the educational process is no less relevant in adulthood whereby people actualize their potential by responding and adapting to societal challenges. The article identifies the educational needs of people of different ages within the innovational society framework. The given research helps form the idea of neuropedagogy as a science.
Given the rapid increase in health information available, health literacy is now more important than ever when searching for health information online. Furthermore, health literacy and online health ...information searching are reported to be associated with support from others. In this study, we examined the associations of health literacy and social support with online health information searching among individuals in their 50s and 60s. Between March and May 2022, an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire was administered among 750 middle‐aged and older adults (age 50–69) living in northern Japan. The questionnaire items included personal characteristics, frequency of online health information searching, health literacy domains, and social support. A total of 237 respondents answered all the items (response rate: 31.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that communicative health literacy was significantly associated with searching for information about illnesses and health promotion, while critical health literacy was significantly associated with searching for information about medical institutions. Controlling for personal characteristics, health literacy, was associated with online health information searching, suggesting that improving health literacy is important in a digital and information society.
How the Amish have adopted certain digital tools in ways that allow them to work and live according to their own value system. The Amish are famous for their disconnection from the modern world and ...all its devices. But, as Lindsay Ems shows in Virtually Amish, Old Order Amish today are selectively engaging with digital technology. The Amish need digital tools to participate in the economy—websites for ecommerce, for example, and cell phones for communication on the road—but they have developed strategies for making limited use of these tools while still living and working according to the values of their community. The way they do this, Ems suggests, holds lessons for all of us about resisting the negative forces of what has been called “high-tech capitalism.” Ems shows how the Amish do not allow technology to drive their behavior; instead, they actively configure their sociotechnical world to align with their values and protect their community's autonomy. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two Old Order Amish settlements in Indiana, Ems explores explicit rules and implicit norms as innovations for resisting negative impacts of digital technology. She describes the ingenious contraptions the Amish devise—including “the black-box phone,” a landline phone attached to a device that connects to a cellular network when plugged into a car's cigarette lighter—and considers the value of human-centered approaches to communication. Non-Amish technology users would do well to take note of Amish methods of adopting digital technologies in ways that empower people and acknowledge their shared humanity.
Post-industrial society is also defined as a "post-class" society, reflecting the breakdown of the stable social structures and identities characteristic of industrial society. If before the status ...of an individual in a society was determined by his place in the economic structure, that is, by the class affiliation to which all other social characteristics were subordinated, now the status characteristic of the individual is determined by a multitude of factors, among which the increasing role is played by education and the level of culture (according to P. Bourdieu "cultural capital"). On this basis, D. Bell and several other Western sociologists put forward the idea of a new "service" class.
Nowadays, constructing and interpreting data visualizations has become essential for simplifying access to information, improving data interpretability, and strengthening information literacy. The ...main objective of this paper is to propose a process to promote improvements in the generation of data visualization by exploring two aspects: quality of data visualizations and interpretability of data visualizations. We experimented with high school students to validate the process and inferred that our process could induce greater efficiency in generating data visualizations.
Landmarks are defined in the ARIA—Accessible Rich Internet Applications specification, and are important regions of web applications that blind users access through keyboard shortcuts. However, ARIA ...landmarks are not always included in web applications, given developer’s lack of knowledge of accessibility guidelines and specifications. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy in using supervised machine learning for identifying ARIA landmarks in web applications. In this paper, we present an approach for identifying landmarks based on classification of elements in web applications. Our approach uses a classification model with features extracted from the structure of web applications. Then, we cluster elements of the web application based on their landmarks class probability, position and size in the web application, reporting only the element with the highest probability as a landmark for each cluster. Our goal was to use landmarks correctly implemented in web applications to fit a classifier and then use this classifier to identify landmarks in web applications which did not implement them. Our evaluation reported different accuracy results for each landmark, identifying multiple landmarks in web applications with precision values higher than 0.75 to the landmarks: banner, contentinfo, navigation, region and search. The conducted evaluation showed the potential of the proposed approach in the identification of specific types of landmarks and quantifies the amount of elements that could be automatically identified and adapted, enhancing the accessibility of web applications. Furthermore, the results set a baseline accuracy for future studies in the area.
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