The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (known as the Istanbul Convention) imposes on States Parties the need to address holistically ...all forms of violence against women, including honour-based violence not only by prosecuting such conduct, but also by preventing it and, above all, protecting its victims. While some northern European countries have addressed it, this form of violence against women has not yet received the attention it deserves in some Mediterranean European countries. This paper uses Spain as a case study to expose its deficient institutional and regulatory approach and lack of visibility of this form of violence against women. It analyses this reality phenomenologically, examines the legal and institutional response to it from a victim-centred perspective, and proposes ways to overcome this situation.
•Honour-based violence is a form of gender violence requiring a cultural approach.•It should be holistically addressed according to the Council of Europe•Southern European countries have not yet paid attention to this form of violence.•Spain is an example of deficient institutional and regulatory attention to it.•Measures to be taken to address this lack of visibility are suggested.
The studies carried out on stalking in Spain have shown victims are unlikely to formally report these experiences but underscore the need to analyse stalking victims' use of protection systems and ...the treatment they receive. The objectives of this study were to determine victims' protection needs and reasons for not reporting; to analyse the institutional treatment offered to victims; to determine victims' and professionals' assessments of the existing legal mechanisms, and to explore their receptivity to alternatives to criminal proceedings. To achieve the defined objectives, semi-structured interviews with 17 victims from Spain and 27 professionals were conducted. Among the main findings, victims expressed they wanted to stop stalking and would prefer protection instead punishment of the stalker. Also, stalking victims were detected as such only when they were additionally victims of gender-based violence. Finally, neither victims nor professionals have a clear position on the possibility of introducing restorative justice mechanisms.
Research on relationship aspects in residential treatment of criminal young persons has largely been neglected despite the general finding in treatment research that such aspects have a large bearing ...on outcome. In this article, two studies of associations between relationship aspects and outcome in this treatment context are presented. In one of them, two treatment units practicing Aggression Replacement Training and CBT-techniques and 2 U with more conventional, relationally oriented treatment approaches were studied using process questionnaires and interviews. In the other study, adolescents who had been sentenced to treatment were interviewed about treatment experiences 1 year after release. Despite considerable attrition, several interesting findings were noted: The boys' alliance ratings were associated with the collaborative aspect of the staff's alliance ratings, but not with the bond aspect; warm and close staff feelings were related to negative outcome and the boys' conceptions of the treatment model but not of the relationship with the staff was associated with positive outcome. The results suggest that a distinction should be made between a mutual bond aspect of the staff-boy relationship that was not related to outcome and a collaborative aspect which was related to outcome. Adapted from the source document.
Everett C. Hughes’s classic concept of a “going concern” should stand for both entire institutions and for chains of activities within institutions. In this article the author explores this expanded ...version of Hughes’s concept to show how staff and residents in a youth care setting interweave everyday concerns—meals, lessons, breaks, meetings, or other mundane but concerted projects—with interpersonal disputes. The author thereby offers a more nuanced understanding of how antagonist actors in institutions invoke daily affairs. The author also raises questions about the conditions under which adults can impose concerns for youth in care to preserve social order and the conditions under which youth can make trouble to criticize adults’ imposed concerns.
This research assesses whether institutional treatment for children and young people at risk of developing serious behavioural problem is based on the results of assessment of the risk and treatment ...needs of these children and young people. The sample consists of 418 children and young people, aged nine to 22.5 years, from 14 institutions (one correctional institution, three state residential group homes, seven community residential group homes, two children's homes and one institution for youth with multiple problems) in Croatia. Data were collected using the Croatian version of two instruments: Scholte's risk factor questionnaire (RFQ) and Achenbach's child behaviour checklist. The characteristics of children and young people were assessed by professional staff working in the institutions who were trained in the completion of these measures. The research aimed to find out how five groups of treatment programs differed regarding type and level of risk, as well as corresponding treatment needs. The starting hypothesis was confirmed in the sense that there are significant differences in assessed types and levels of risks of children/youth in different types of institutional treatments in Croatia. The paper discusses results as a framework for policy recommendations.
For order for a public psychologist recently certified in 2017 to fulfill the entailed responsibilities, the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the forensic and criminal areas ...and addiction problems in Japan is necessary. It is also necessary to review the practices of CBT and to consider future issues. The purpose of this study is to review the characteristics of clients and support frameworks in the forensic and criminal areas and addiction problems in Japan, and to consider future issues as a result of CBT implementation. The results of this study suggest that further research is needed in order to clarify and evaluate the differences in process variables, group work development methods, treating resistance and denial, cognitive intervention, intervention based on respondent conditioning, and cooperation with community-based and institutional treatment. It is expected that the effectiveness of treatment in the forensic and criminal areas and addiction problems is enhanced by gathering research while keeping in mind the framework and understanding of CBT, as well as keeping in perspective the interaction of an individual with their environment.
Purpose - This article aims to analyze and discuss the role of moral development in treatment of behavior problems and, further, to describe differences and similarities between two different methods ...- milieu therapy (MT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - in terms of addressing criminogenic needs and promoting moral development.Design methodology approach - By performing a literature review, the study shows that even though there are both pros and cons using MT and CBT in institutional care, relationships strong enough to restructure a young person's moral reasoning require time, and involves not only the young person's parents and social network members, but also a genuine therapeutic alliance with clinical staff at the institution.Findings - These are central factors articulated in both CBT and MT, but are more explicitly expressed in MT. The results presented in this article highlight some important practical implications: in order to redevelop moral self and societal values, an overly narrow focus on criminogenic needs might exclude other components or processes of treatment and behavioral change. Together with a treatment program that views close staff-resident interactions as of secondary importance, this could impair the possibility to obtain positive and long-lasting treatment results.Originality value - In practice, moral development itself should be considered as an overall treatment goal, integrated into the daily life at the institution, 24 hours a day. Finally, the possibility to work with moral development in institutional settings is discussed.
On total sample of 418 children and youth in institutional treatment in Republic Croatia, research was conducted with main goal to determin age and sex differences according to Child Behaviour ...Checklist (Achenbach, 2001). Discriminatory analysis shows statistically significant differences regarding both criteria. Results show that youngest children (up to 14 years old) and girls manifest highest level ofproblem on particular syndromes and on total problems. Qualitative analysis of one of the open-end variables also indicate multiple risk in girls, with outlined specific topics such as pliability, alchol and drug abuse, inadequate relationships with opposite sex, runnying away and promiscuity. These results give certain guidelines for direct work and development of new treatment programs, but they also indicate the need for further research especcially when it comes to girls in institutional treatment.
We analyzed the therapeutic results and prognostic factors of 46 primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients who were treated at twelve institutions in the Tokai district of Japan ...between 1995 and 1999. We compared the results with those of a Japanese nationwide survey performed in the past.
We sent each institution a questionnaire about the state of patients' disease, pathological type, method and doses of radiotherapy, regimen and intensity of chemotherapy, and patients' prognoses. The range of patients' ages was 33 to 93 years (median, 61 years). Thirty-one were men and 15 were women. The most prevalent histology was diffuse large B cell type (33 patients). We used the Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the survival rate and Cox's proportional hazards model to analyze the prognostic factors.
The five-year cumulative survival rate was 25%, and the median survival time was 22.7 months. The five-year disease-free survival rate was 23%. In monovariate analysis, patients who were both younger than 60 years old and had a WHO performance status (PS) score equal to or less than 2 showed a better survival rate. Furthermore, the patients receiving systemic chemotherapy showed a significantly better local control rate. In addition, patients who received systemic chemotherapy achieved a higher complete remission rate than those not receiving it. However, no factors that significantly influenced survival rate were identified in multivariate analysis.
We demonstrated that the therapeutic outcome of PCNSL patients has recently improved. In particular, patients with good PS showed better local control than those with poor PS. However, we could not identify any significant prognostic factors in PCNSL patients.
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