This review addresses the use of peer-mediated interventions (PMI) to improve the social interaction skills of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusive settings. The purpose of this ...review is to (a) identify the characteristics and components of peer-mediated social interaction interventions, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of PMI by offering an analysis of intervention results and research design, and (c) suggest directions for future research. Overall, results suggest that PMI is a promising treatment for increasing social interaction in children, adolescents, and young adults with ASD in inclusive settings, with positive generalization, maintenance, and social validity outcomes. Findings also suggest that participant characteristics and the type of social deficit an individual exhibits are important considerations when choosing the optimal configuration of PMI strategies.
Next to physical health problems and economic damage, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown measures taken by governments of many countries are expected to cause ...mental health problems. Especially for adolescents, who highly rely on social contacts with peers, the prolonged period of social isolation may have detrimental effects on their mental health. Based on the mood management theory, the current study examines if social media are beneficial for adolescents to cope with feelings of anxiety and loneliness during the quarantine. A survey study among 2,165 (Belgian) adolescents (13-19 years old) tested how feelings of anxiety and loneliness contributed to their happiness level, and whether different social media coping strategies (active, social relations, and humor) mediated these relations. Structural equation modeling revealed that feelings of loneliness had a higher negative impact on adolescents' happiness than feelings of anxiety. However, anxious participants indicated to use social media more often to actively seek for a manner to adapt to the current situation, and to a lesser extent as a way to keep in touch with friends and family. The indirect effect of anxiety on happiness through active coping was significantly positive. Participants who were feeling lonely were more inclined to use social media to cope with lacking social contact. However, this coping strategy was not significantly related to their happiness feelings. Humorous coping was positively related with feelings of happiness, but not influenced by loneliness or anxiety. To conclude, social media can be used as a constructive coping strategy for adolescents to deal with anxious feelings during the COVID-19 quarantine.
Confronter l'hospitalité à la question cosmopolitique suppose un déplacement qui fait quitter la question des relations interpersonnelles et du modèle domestique de l'hospitalité pour aborder des ...manières de se représenter le monde, de le concevoir comme un horizon jusqu'à la conception d'une citoyenneté mondiale. Cet article se propose d'opérer ce déplacement en questionnant, en compagnie de Kant et de Seyla Benhabib, les conditions d'une hospitalité politique sensible aux « droits des autres » et à leurs voix dans la construction d'un monde commun.
The present research investigated the developmental trajectory of infants' fairness expectations from 6 to 15 months of age (N = 150). Findings revealed a developmental transition in infants' ...fairness expectations between 6 and 12 months, as indicated by enhanced visual attention to unfair outcomes of resource distribution events (a 3:1 distribution) relative to fair outcomes (a 2:2 distribution). The onset of naturalistic sharing behavior predicted infants' fairness expectations at transitional ages. Beyond this period of developmental transition, the presence of siblings and infants' prompted giving behavior predicted individual differences in infants' fairness concerns. These results provide evidence for the role of experience in the acquisition of fairness expectations and reveal early individual differences in such expectations.
To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors and to analyze the same with sociodemographic and occupational data, self-perceived interpersonal communication, and ...vocal symptoms.
A Cross-sectional analytical observational quantitative study with 322 university professors. Four assessment instruments: the Sociodemographic and Work Information Questionnaire, the Self-Report Questionnaire, the Brazilian Dysphonia Screening Tool, the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale, and the Voice Symptom Scale. The study performed descriptive and association analyses. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio, estimated with Poisson regression with robust invariance, considering common mental disorders as a dependent variable.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors was 27.6%. There was a significant association between such disorders and self-perceived vocal complaints, the suspicion of dysphonia, and self-perceived difficulties in regards to being heard with a mask (sometimes/always). The higher the score in the self-disclosure domain of the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale the higher the prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors.
The prevalence of common mental disorders in university professors is high and influences their self-perception of vocal symptoms and interpersonal relationships. Hence, it reinforces the need for measures to maintain university professors’ vocal and mental health.
Disintermediating your friends Rosenfeld, Michael J.; Thomas, Reuben J.; Hausen, Sonia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
09/2019, Letnik:
116, Številka:
36
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present data from a nationally representative 2017 survey of American adults. For heterosexual couples in the United States, meeting online has become the most popular way couples meet, eclipsing ...meeting through friends for the first time around 2013. Moreover, among the couples who meet online, the proportion who have met through the mediation of third persons has declined over time. We find that Internet meeting is displacing the roles that family and friends once played in bringing couples together.
The availability of massive digital traces of human whereabouts has offered a series of novel insights on the quantitative patterns characterizing human mobility. In particular, numerous recent ...studies have lead to an unexpected consensus: the considerable variability in the characteristic travelled distance of individuals coexists with a high degree of predictability of their future locations. Here we shed light on this surprising coexistence by systematically investigating the impact of recurrent mobility on the characteristic distance travelled by individuals. Using both mobile phone and GPS data, we discover the existence of two distinct classes of individuals: returners and explorers. As existing models of human mobility cannot explain the existence of these two classes, we develop more realistic models able to capture the empirical findings. Finally, we show that returners and explorers play a distinct quantifiable role in spreading phenomena and that a correlation exists between their mobility patterns and social interactions.
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