This paper compares wh-phrasesin-situ in Korean, Japanese, and Chinese with their overly-moved counterparts in English. Recently, Abe (2017) takes an Agree-based Minimal Search approach, while Saito ...(2017) takes a covert movement approach, revealing how wh-elements in Japanese associate with the corresponding Q-particles. On the other hand, it has been argued that, like those in English, wh-expressions in Chinese undergo phrasal movement to the Spec of CP to be adequately licensed (among others, see also Pan 2014). However, Chinese differs from English considering where wh-expressions are actually realized. In keeping with the recent proposals on wh-movement and interpretation in these languages, this paper uses three newly recruited diagnostics to show that Korean/Japanese argument wh-phrases undergo overt Agree-based licensing, but Chinese and English counterparts undergo overt phrasal movement, with the tail of the wh-chain realized in the former language but its head realized in the latter language. (Dongguk University)
The assessment of a patient's medication compliance using pharmacy refill data is often challenging due to the complex distribution of the measures used to assess compliance. To address this problem, ...we propose a mixture distribution approach, with which methods based on the likelihood function, such as the likelihood ratio test, can be applied for testing intervention effects in randomized clinical trials. The advantage of a mixture distribution approach is that it allows for a flexible adaptation of censored data analysis to modeling refill data. It also supports visualization of the risk curve of noncompliance, conditional on given levels of refill compliance. Our approach is illustrated using pharmacy refill data from a prospective clinical trial.
The purpose of this study is to illustrate the multilevel meta-analysis of results from single-subject experimental designs of different types, including AB phase designs, multiple-baseline designs, ...ABAB reversal designs, and alternating treatment designs. Current methodological work on the meta-analysis of single-subject experimental designs often focuses on combining simple AB phase designs or multiple-baseline designs. We discuss the estimation of the average intervention effect estimate across different types of single-subject experimental designs using several multilevel meta-analytic models. We illustrate the different models using a reanalysis of a meta-analysis of single-subject experimental designs (Heyvaert, Saenen, Maes, & Onghena, in press). The intervention effect estimates using univariate 3-level models differ from those obtained using a multivariate 3-level model that takes the dependence between effect sizes into account. Because different results are obtained and the multivariate model has multiple advantages, including more information and smaller standard errors, we recommend researchers to use the multivariate multilevel model to meta-analyze studies that utilize different single-subject designs.
Theory of mind is the field devoted to understanding how organisms discern the mental states of others. Because mental states are not directly observable, they can only be inferred from observable ...features of the actor (such as behavior) and the situational context that the actor is in. Social psychologists, who study theory of mind processes under the rubric of attribution research, have shown that people often make a logical error of inference: The “fundamental attribution error” (FAE) is the tendency to assume that an actor's behavior and mental state correspond to a degree that is logically unwarranted by the situation. The social environment in which theory of mind capacities evolved may have influenced attributional processing in ways that could explain the error. In particular, the error could be caused by a psyche that is designed (1) to consider only those noncorresponding mental states (such as deception) that could have fitness consequences to the mind reader; (2) to bias inferences in a way that reduces the costs of erroneous inferences; or (3) to bias inferences in a way that yields reputational benefits. The existing literature is reviewed in light of these hypotheses.
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