In this paper, we aim to propose a taxonomy of the notion of intuition. In particular, we will develop a distinction that is only sketched in the contemporary debate: that between phenomenological ...and epistemic intuitions. After that, we will argue that both kinds of intuitions further split into immediate and non-immediate. Once the taxonomy is built, we will investigate the relations between these different kinds of intuitions. Finally, we will focus on non-immediate phenomenological intuitions wondering whether they have a justificatory role.
ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag entfaltet Fallverstehen und sozialpädagogische Diagnostik als Schlüsselprozess professioneller Urteilsbildung. Als Ausgangspunkt rücken der besondere Handlungskontext sowie ...der spezifische, professionelle Blick in der Sozialen Arbeit in den Fokus. Im Anschluss werden die mit der sozialpädagogischen Perspektive verbundenen Kernbestandteile professioneller Urteilsbildung skizziert und ihre Verbindung zueinander aufgezeigt. Abschließend geht es um die fachlichen Anforderungen an dieses anspruchsvolle Vorhaben.
In today’s rapidly changing but data-rich environments, managers at all organizational levels need to use appropriate intuition, balanced with analytic thinking, to create and capture opportunities. ...Intuition is often thought of as a single construct, but our 2-year longitudinal study of multiple managers developing opportunities uncovered four distinct types of intuition: expert intuition, based on previous experience; creative intuition, based on a sense of direction for a novel solution; social intuition, based on a sense of interpersonal relationships; and temporal intuition, based on a sense of the timing being right to create or capture an opportunity. We offer a range of recommendations regarding the strengths and limitations of each type of intuition. With a more nuanced understanding of the types of intuition, managers will be better equipped to leverage the strengths—and be wary of the limitations—of intuition in their own decision-making and that of others.
What role does deliberation play in susceptibility to political misinformation and "fake news"? The Motivated System 2 Reasoning (MS2R) account posits that deliberation causes people to fall for fake ...news, because reasoning facilitates identity-protective cognition and is therefore used to rationalize content that is consistent with one's political ideology. The classical account of reasoning instead posits that people ineffectively discern between true and false news headlines when they fail to deliberate (and instead rely on intuition). To distinguish between these competing accounts, we investigated the causal effect of reasoning on media truth discernment using a 2-response paradigm. Participants (N = 1,635 Mechanical Turkers) were presented with a series of headlines. For each, they were first asked to give an initial, intuitive response under time pressure and concurrent working memory load. They were then given an opportunity to rethink their response with no constraints, thereby permitting more deliberation. We also compared these responses to a (deliberative) 1-response baseline condition where participants made a single choice with no constraints. Consistent with the classical account, we found that deliberation corrected intuitive mistakes: Participants believed false headlines (but not true headlines) more in initial responses than in either final responses or the unconstrained 1-response baseline. In contrast-and inconsistent with the Motivated System 2 Reasoning account-we found that political polarization was equivalent across responses. Our data suggest that, in the context of fake news, deliberation facilitates accurate belief formation and not partisan bias.
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•Light package colors are often used to highlight a product’s healthiness.•Conflicting color–taste associations may undermine package effectiveness, however.•Two boundary conditions ...are expected to moderate the opposing inferences.•Six studies systematically manipulate different aspects of real food products.•This research supports the notion that package color is a double-edged sword.
In food packaging, light and pale colors are often used to highlight product healthiness. What has been largely overlooked is that this seemingly positive health cue may also convey another crucial piece of information. It is this paper’s premise that light-colored packages evoke two opposing effects: They stimulate favorable health impressions (health effect) and they activate detrimental taste inferences (taste effect) which jointly guide the purchase decision. To contribute to a better understanding of when this package cue is an asset or a liability, this research elucidates the boundary conditions under which the opposing effects operate. The unfavorable color-induced taste effect should be particularly dominant when (i) consumers have a strong need to make heuristic taste inferences (i.e., when tasting is not possible) and (ii) when health is not the overarching goal (e.g., for less health-conscious consumers). A series of experiments manipulating actual food packages confirms that the package health cue can indeed trigger negative taste associations in the consumer’s mind that backfire. Marketers therefore are advised to consider the identified contingencies carefully.
Intuition is a critical component of farmers’ decision making and underlies human capital. A model of decision making, including intuition as a factor, was developed and used to determine the ...important variables associated with intuition. Structural equation modelling enabled relating farm outputs to the components in the model. The components included management style, experience, intelligence, decision reflection, self-critiquing, and similar.
Intuitive ability, relative to basic managerial ability (planning and implementation skills), proved to be critically important in achieving objectives. The pre-requisites of good intuition were experience, technical and decision theory knowledge, and, in part, anticipation skills. Developing successful intuition requires consulting widely, personal reflection and critiquing in a constantly evolving decision skill. The model was original and the first to integrate the factors giving rise to business decision making intuition. The results make it clear how to improve intuition, and underpin understanding farmers and their modus operandi.
•Farmers' decision making with an emphasis on intuition is reviewed and explored.•Most decisions use intuition … a model shows well developed intuition gives success.•Human attributes, like personality, intelligence, & background impact on intuition.•The model allowed quantifying factors enhancing intuition e.g. feedback, reflection.•Also important are anticipation skills, decision theory and technical knowledge.
Are humans intuitively altruistic, or does altruism require self-control? A theory of social heuristics, whereby intuitive responses favor typically successful behaviors, suggests that the answer may ...depend on who you are. In particular, evidence suggests that women are expected to behave altruistically, and are punished for failing to be altruistic, to a much greater extent than men. Thus, women (but not men) may internalize altruism as their intuitive response. Indeed, a meta-analysis of 13 new experiments and 9 experiments from other groups found that promoting intuition relative to deliberation increased giving in a Dictator Game among women, but not among men (Study 1, N = 4,366). Furthermore, this effect was shown to be moderated by explicit sex role identification (Study 2, N = 1,831): the more women described themselves using traditionally masculine attributes (e.g., dominance, independence) relative to traditionally feminine attributes (e.g., warmth, tenderness), the more deliberation reduced their altruism. Our findings shed light on the connection between gender and altruism, and highlight the importance of social heuristics in human prosociality.
We present a longitudinal, empirical study of the entrepreneurial opportunity development process, focused specifically on intuition in multiple forms. By following the opportunity development ...process for several participants over a two-year period, we were able to extract empirical instances of various types of intuition applied to the development of entrepreneurial opportunities. We found that the entrepreneurs in the study used at least four distinct types of intuition: problem-solving, creative, social, and temporal. Of these, we propose temporal intuition as a type not yet discussed in extant literature, while the others have not previously been studied in the entrepreneurial context. There are strong connections between these various aspects of intuition, and we discuss how the four types interact in a dynamic, unfolding process we tentatively define as opportunity intuition.
Voting for Less than the Best Ridge, Michael
The journal of political philosophy,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik:
29, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this article, I argue that an account in the vicinity of Alvin Goldman’s 'Causal Responsibility' provides the best hope of vindicating something like the ‘don’t throw your vote away’ intuition. As ...it happens, I agree with Carolina Sartorio that Goldman’s own account relies on a problematic view of causation, but that Sartorio’s friendly amendment to his approach nicely accommodates its insights without the problematic metaphysics.
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