Digitalne tehnologije vnašajo velike spremembe v vse oblike komuniciranja, tudi na polje pisnega komuniciranja, ki velja za eno najpomembnejših kompetenc, ki jih praktiki odnosov z javnostmi ...potrebujejo pri vsakdanjem delu. Zanimalo nas je, kako spletne tehnologije vplivajo na pripravo sporočil za javnost, enega od najpogostejših komunikacijskih orodij in obenem najpogostejših pisnih žanrov odnosov z javnostmi ter kako se odražajo v praksi odnosov z javnostmi. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako digitalne tehnologije vplivajo na proces priprave sporočil za javnost, zlasti z vidika strukturiranja in oblikovanja pisanja. Raziskovalni vzorec so sestavljala sporočila za javnost štirih vlad (angleške, kanadske, nemške in slovenske), skupaj 40, ki so jih navedene vlade objavile v obdobju enega meseca (marec 2018).
Mišljenja onih skupina na koje utječu zakonski propisi, igraju ključnuulogu u tzv. „pametnom zakonodavstvu“. Kako bi budući propisodgovarao onima na koje se odnosi, potrebno je ostvariti što ...kvalitetnijukomunikaciju između dionika procesa. Ovaj pregledni rad ima za ciljpružiti pregled relevantnih i adekvatnih znanstvenih spoznaja i radovaza suvremenu praksu objavljenih u razdoblju od 2018. do 2023. godineu renomiranim znanstvenim časopisima, odnosno bazama podataka, neisključujući u potpunosti teorijske osnove nastale prije tog razdoblja teobjasniti ulogu medija u postupku savjetovanja s javnošću, koristeći semetodama polu-sistematskog pregleda literature te Frederiksen/Phelpspristupom. Navedene spoznaje važne su u smislu dopune postojećeznanstvene literature te formiranja budućih smjernica radi razvojamodela putem kojeg će se izabrati medij koji će imati najznačajnijuulogu za kvalitetu postupka savjetovanja. U daljnjim istraživanjimapotrebno je provesti detaljne analize odnosa navedenih čimbenika.
Opinions of those groups that the legislation will affect, play a key rolein the so-called „smart legislature“. If we want the regulations to fit towhich it applies, it is necessary to achieve the highest possible quality ofcommunication between the stakeholders of the process. This overviewpaper aims to provide an overview of scientific knowledge and workspublished in the period from 2017 to 2023 in renowned scientificjournals or databases, and to explain the role of the media in the processof consulting the public, while using the method of systematic literatureanalysis, as well as the Frederiksen/Phelps method. The aforementionedfindings are important in terms of supplementing the existing scientificliterature and forming future guidelines with the aim of developing amodel through which the medium that will play the most significantrole in the quality of the counselling process will be chosen. In furtherresearch, it is necessary to carry out detailed analyses of relationships ofthe mentioned factors.
Ozaveščanje javnosti o paliativni oskrbi Erika Zelko; Edvard Jakšič; Nevenka Krčevski Škvarč
AS. Andragoška spoznanja,
10/2021, Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ozaveščanje in izobraževanje splošne javnosti o paliativni oskrbi lahko izboljša tako paliativno oskrbo kot zadnje dneve življenja bolnikov z neozdravljivo boleznijo. To je tudi namen mednarodnega ...programa Zadnja pomoč (Last Aid), v okviru katerega poteka skupnostno izobraževanje o paliativni oskrbi, ki ga izvajajo v 18 državah. V Sloveniji smo ga začeli izvajati v drugi polovici 2019 in doslej izvedli 25 tečajev. Do zdaj se je tečaja udeležilo 350 ljudi, 255 jih je izpolnilo in vrnilo ocenjevalne vprašalnike. Namen prispevka je predstaviti analizo evalvacije tečaja Zadnja pomoč v Sloveniji. Na podlagi analize podatkov, pridobljenih s kvalitativno in kvantitativno metodo, lahko ugotovimo, da je bil izobraževalni program dobro sprejet tudi v slovenskem okolju, saj so bili udeleženci zelo zadovoljni tako z vsebino kot z izvedbo tečaja. Z najvišjo oceno (5) je tečaj v celoti ocenilo 87,7 % udeležencev, posamezne module pa je z najvišjo oceno ocenilo več kot 75 % udeležencev. Medtem ko so udeleženci večinoma pozitivno ovrednotili interaktivnost tečaja in priložnost izmenjave izkušenj na njem, pa analiza evalvacije kaže tudi, da je treba program nadgraditi z dodatnimi temami.
Polazeći od pretpostavke da se hrvatska kazališta između dva svjetska rata u kreiranju dramskoga repertoara nisu vodila samo umjetničkim nego i
političkim obzirima, autor u članku analizira inozemne ...i srpske drame s
temom Prvoga svjetskog rata koje su se u međuraću izvodile u tri hrvatska kazališta (u Zagrebu, Osijeku i Splitu) da bi odgovorio na pitanja kako je taj rat u tom razdoblju predstavljan hrvatskoj javnosti te kako je hrvatska javnost posredovanjem kazališne kritike reagirala na
takvo njegovo predstavljanje.
In this paper, the author approaches Croatian theatres as places of memory, and the foreign and Serbian war dramas performed in them as the contents of the Croatian culture of memory
regarding World War I. Drawing upon the extant research on Croatian memory of World War I, based on examining the Croatian literary heritage, according to which the predominant Croatian memory was presented in Miroslav Krleža’s war cycle, the author has attempted to answer the question, how did these non-Croatian war dramas on the repertoire of Croatian theatres correspond to the stated Croatian relationship towards World War I according to their contents, frequency of performance, and public reactions to them (as seen through theatre reviews)? In this sense, the author has identified three groups of non-Croatian war dramas: British (American) and French, which were characterised by prominent pacifism; Czechoslovak, which were anti-Austrian and contained a note of Czech nationalism; and Serbian, which nurtured the Serbian victory culture, but also criticised
post-war Serbian society. Analysing these dramas, the author has concluded that Serbian war dramas enjoyed the strongest ‘institutional support’, but were also the least popular with the Croatian public. Czechoslovak war dramas received the least ‘institutional support’, but were the most popular among the Croatian public. Based on this analysis,
the author has concluded that the Czechoslovak dramas had the most in common with the predominant Croatian memory of World War I in the interwar period; even though they did not receive much ‘institutional support’, they were the closest to the Croatian memory of the war in the
given circumstances.
Domoljubno društvo, koje je 1793. osnovao dubrovački vlastelin Miho Sorgo (1739.-1796.), smatra se prvim pravim prosvjetiteljskim društvom u Dubrovačkoj Republici, okrenutim praktičnosti i društvenoj ...angažiranosti, uz zauzimanje kritičnog stava prema dubrovačkoj stvarnosti, a pogotovo prema aristokratskoj oligarhiji u Senatu. Premda je Europa toga doba doživljavala duboke društvene i političke transformacije, statičnost dubrovačkih konzervativnih krugova nije dozvoljavala nikakve pokušaje reforme. Zbog toga se društvo reformista održalo tek godinu dana. U ovome radu prikazuje se razvoj akademske društvenosti u Dubrovniku do 18. stoljeća te osnutak, ciljevi i članstvo Domoljubnog društva. Posebna se pažnja poklanja temama sačuvanih govora i konceptu prosvijetljenog i starog vlasteoskog domoljublja te djelovanju vlastelina Toma Basseglija, čiji se prosvjetiteljski profil oblikovao tijekom boravka u Bernu, Göttingenu i Beču.
The media delivers information and data to the public, which means that the media should be objective and credible. The broader image of the media in the world, however, is not at all good. Public ...opinion polls and opinions of respected world journalists indicate currently key problems, such as a high level of unreliability, sensationalism, publication errors that are usually not corrected and inadequate disclosure of important information. One of the most emphasized problems is the dependence of the media on the source of funding, which calls into question their objectivity, their impact on society and a number of other problems. According to this thesis, many individuals “pump” the money into media, so that the media plays a huge role in creating public opinion. The media experience a growing sense of power so they growingly use their power in the most aggressive and selfish possible manner. Today, with the existence of certain regulations that control the purchase and sale of media, the manipulation of power takes place at the highest level. According to such an opinion, manipulating the media is a major disease that is spreading through our society. This is confusing to people because anyone can promote whatever they want as long as they have enough money. This article accordingly, highlights several recent examples of media dysfunction. The latest example is based on the so-called pandemic disease COVID-19 media covering. Ever since the COVID-19 crisis begun, the central media have exposed all their bias. Moreover, they propagated the idea of COVID-19 as a severe pandemic and the idea of vaccine as a lifesaving approach. They wrote about the ‘worst disease in history’, about a ‘life-saving solution in the form of a vaccine’, about ‘how drugs do not work at all’, etc. So they selected data and still do so through their ‘scientific media heroes’, excluding all other scientific facts that indicated or confirmed opposing views (PCR test and declaration of a pandemic, ineffectiveness and even harmfulness of vaccines, false scientific studies, etc.). An example of a perhaps greatest dangers that occurred to the media is also presented – the so called journalism of the Faktograf type. Under the guise of scientific scrutiny, medically undereducated journalists give themselves the right to comment and present the “universal truth” in public, almost always referring to selected scientific facts without the whole information context. They are not concerned by the evidence (meta-study - example of wearing masks, PCR diagnostics, meaninglessness of lockdown, Ivermectin). The verification of information started due to a need to verify the source and type of information but has ended now in the complete opposite and has degenerated from the starting idea. This is just an example pointing to a need for restructuring of the current media, to make them financially independent and re-install the reporting objectivity. The media should not create public opinion in any way but provide credible information and the look on the whole context.
Old and new terminologies in communication studies spin mercantile metaphors of transportation and distribution that cover like a veil the field’s rootedness in a capitalist lexicon and a capitalist ...history. Its threads bewilder enough to have spurred harmonising and differentiating accounts in communication theory and conceptions of the public—veils of capitalist justifications firmly tethered in the evolution of capitalist society. Thus an industrialising past of commercial interests also knits accounts today of “communication” and “the public.” Woven as a well-conventionalised lexicon, a few threads tether the rest, obdurately, in plain sight. “Message,” “network,” “audience,” “content,” among others, support a capitalist past and a fast-capitalist present. Communication theory thus becomes a useful tool of fast capitalism.
U članku su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja o strukturi komentara sudionika e-savjetovanja o arhivskim propisima i planskim dokumentima u Hrvatskoj. Podatci su prikupljeni metodom kvantitativne ...analize sadržaja pojedinačnih izvješća o provedenim savjetovanjima od 2017. do 2020. godine dostupnih na portalu e-Savjetovanja i popratnih dokumenata. Nakon uvoda i opisa metodologije istraživanja, prezentirani su rezultati istraživanja te se o njima raspravlja. U obliku tabličnih i grafičkih prikaza prezentirani su podatci o statusu komentara (prihvaćeno, djelomično prihvaćeno, neprihvaćeno, primljeno na znanje, neodgovoreno) po pojedinom e-savjetovanju, te prema dvjema skupinama sudionika: stručna arhivska zajednica i stala zainteresirana javnost (prema broju i u postotku). Prihvaćeni i djelomično prihvaćeni komentari analizirani su i sadržajno te pritom razvrstani u dvije osnovne kategorije: tehnički i stručni komentari. S jedne strane, rezultati takve analize mogu se tumačiti kao pokazatelj stupnja kompetentnosti sudionika e-savjetovanja. S druge strane, može ih se smatrati važnim čimbenikom u objašnjavanju ishoda e-savjetovanja, tj. sklonosti zakonodavca da (ne)uvaži zaprimljene prijedloge.
The Bulletin d’ archives from 2021 published the results of a survey on participants in public consultations (e-counsellings) on regulations and planning documents on public archival service in Croatia. The subject was suited for a complete elaboration, since in the period from 2017 to 2020 the competent Ministry of Culture (renamed in July 2020 into Ministry of Culture and Media) had carried out counsellings via the central internet portal on eight legal acts (two laws, five ordinances and one planning document). Apart from the new ordi-nance on registers and other official archival documentation that has yet to be regulated, this constitutes a comprehensive normative and planning framework of the public archival service. Inter alia, the results of that research indicated a rather low level of interest of the general public, as well as the professional archi-val community for the normative infrastructure of the public archival service. The lower turnout was put into context of influences of the e-counsellings that had so far taken place, regarding the formation of the final proposals of legal acts in terms of the level of acceptance of the sent suggestions (comments). Analysis of this segment, i.e. the status with which the comments were marked after the e-counsellings (accepted, partially accepted, not accepted, duly noted, unan-swered) are presented in this paper. This seeks to encourage scientific interest in further research on this topic, especially within the ALM community (archives, libraries, museums). The results of the research show that the Ministry of Culture and Media, as the competent state administration institution, fully or partially accepted 79 or 19.1 % of the total of 412 sent comments. This percentage is slightly lower than the average percentage of accepted and partially accepted comments on e-counsellings at the state level (24 %). Analysis of the structure of comments by two groups of participants (professional archival community, gen-eral public) showed an equal share of accepted and partially accepted comments in the total number of comments submitted by each group (18.8 % of comments of the professional archival community and 20 % of comments of the general public). Accepted and partially accepted comments were also analysed according to their content and classified into two basic categories: technical and profes-sional comments. The share of unaccepted comments turned out to be very high (201 comments or 48.8 %). Nevertheless, as a kind of incentive for participation on future e-counsellings, it should be noted that two thirds of the accepted com-ments are related to professional comments. Although modest in terms of num-ber or percentage (53 comments or 13 % of the total of 412 comments sent to the analysed e-counsellings), this data still reflects the valuable contribution of participants in shaping the normative infrastructure of the archival service, i.e. respect for their competence by the legislator.
V prispevku so obravnavane poglavitne spremembe v rekonceptualizacijah javnega mnenja skozi tri temeljna zgodovinska obdobja in v njih prevladujoče paradigme: (1) zgodnje obdobje javnega mnenja kot ...normativne utopije, ki so jo kmalu začele razjedati ekonomske spremembe, ki so spremenile družbeno vlogo tiska, in empirične sociološke analize »latentnih« (dis)funkcij javnega mnenja; (2) obdobje empirične substitucije javnega mnenja z mnenjskimi poizvedbami, oprtimi na kvantitativne metode sistematičnega zbiranja in statistične analize podatkov ter »teorijo prima facie« permanentnega referenduma, ki jo je postavil Gallup; (3) obdobje velikega podatkovja, v katerem sistematično »merjenje mnenj« z zbiranjem podatkov v obliki odgovorov na vprašanja vse bolj nadomešča permanentno avtomatizirano ugotavljanje in napovedovanje mnenjskih in vedenjskih vzorcev posameznikov iz (meta) podatkov, ki jih pretežno nevede generirajo in puščajo v socialnih omrežjih, in v katerem ideje zgodnje normativne kritike družbeno nadzorovalne disfunkcije javnega mnenja aktualizira kritična analiza korporativnih praks panoptičnega podatkovnega nadzorovanja (»dataveillance«). Ključno vprašanje pri tem je, ali pojmi javnost, javno mnenje in javna sfera v dobi »upodatkovljenja javnega mnenja« še (lahko) ohranjajo zgodovinsko kritično družbeno ost.
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