V prispevku se obravnava osem slovenskih zemljepisnih imen, ki so nastala v medjezikovnem stiku, vendar pri treh to velja le za njihove nemške oblike. Nemci so substituirali ali samo adaptirali ...slovenska zemljepisna imena, pri čemer so Slovenci v večji ali manjši meri sprejeli nemške oblike svojih imen. Na ta pojav je svoj čas opozoril že Štrekelj, ko je pojasnil krajevno ime Činžat iz slovenskega apel. senožet, mi pa ga ponazarjamo na primerih krajevnih imen Njiverce in Stoperce. Nemci so krajevno ime adaptirali ali prevedli, medtem ko so Slovenci ohranili svojo imensko obliko, ki se je spreminjala v skladu z domačim glasovnim razvojem. Takšen primer predstavljata krajevni imeni Vižmarje in Goriča vas. Imena s podstavo v enem jeziku in priponskimi obrazili v drugem so hibridna ali heteromorfna imena. Ta tip imen je na Slovenskem razmeroma pogosten, npr. Ruperče, Pirniče, Gunclje (nemško osebno ime in slovansko obrazilo -jь) ali Prosnid, Jagnjed (slovenska apelativna podstava in starofurlansko obrazilo -ed). V to kategorijo sodijo tudi krajevna imena Vižinga, Ciringa, Temljine in nemška oblika gorskega imena Šmarna gora, ki se glasi Kallenberg.
The author addresses Slovene-English language contact, both in the immigrant context & in Slovenia. The direct contact of Slovene & English in the case of Slovene Americans & Canadians is examined ...from two perspectives: social & cultural on the one hand & linguistic on the other. In the first part, I present the general linguistic situation in Cleveland (& to a minor extent in Washington, D.C. & Toronto), with emphasis on language maintenance & shift, the relationship between mother tongue preservation & ethnic awareness, & the impact of extralinguistic factors on selected aspects of the linguistic behavior of the participants in the study. I then compare the use of second person pronouns as terms of address & the use of speech acts such as compliments to determine the role of different cultural backgrounds in the speakers' linguistic choices. The linguistic part of the analysis focuses on borrowing & code switching, as well as on the influence of English on seemingly monolingual Slovene discourse, where the Slovene inflectional system in particular is being increasingly generalized, simplified & reduced, & Slovene word order is beginning to resemble that of English. Finally, the rapidly growing impact of English on Slovene in Slovenia on various linguistic levels from vocabulary to syntax & intercultural communication is discussed. References. Adapted from the source document
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