This article introduces job diversity preference into Hoteling's location model to explain individuals' displeasure with work. The mixed part‐time jobs (MPJ) can be regarded as more diversified ...products firms can offer at a higher cost. Individuals pay the product (jobs) with their productivity. We intend to explain: (a) Why some individuals prefer not to work in only single full‐time jobs (SFJ) cases; (b) Why allowing free MPJ can be a good idea; (c) How MPJ wage floor and ceilings can block or hinder the effect of the MPJ market. (d) What the government can do to improve employment and social welfare. Bringing Hoteling's model into the labour market to demonstrate individuals' preferences on job diversity is the major innovation of this article.
In April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act) was enacted to help revitalize the initial public offering (IPO) market, especially for small firms. During the year ending March ...2014, IPO volume and the proportion of small firm issuers was the largest since 2000. Controlling for market conditions, we estimate that the JOBS Act has led to 21 additional IPOs annually, a 25% increase over pre-JOBS levels. Firms with high proprietary disclosure costs, such as biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms, increase IPO activity the most. These firms are also more likely to take advantage of the act׳s de-risking provisions, allowing firms to file the IPO confidentially while testing-the-waters.
Based on the experience of recent decades, the United States apparently musters the political will to change its tax system comprehensively about every 30 years, so it seems especially important to ...get it right when the chance arises. Based on the strong public statements of economists opposing and supporting the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, a causal observer might wonder whether this law was tax reform or mere confusion. In this paper, I address that question and, more importantly, offer an assessment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The law is clearly not “tax reform” as economists usually use that term: that is, it does not seek to broaden the tax base and reduce marginal rates in a roughly revenue-neutral manner. However, the law is not just a muddle. It seeks to address some widely acknowledged issues with corporate taxation, and takes some steps toward broadening the tax base, in part by reducing the incentive to itemize deductions.
This paper considers scheduling jobs online on m identical machines such that the jobs can be parallelized across the machines. Two models of parallelizability are considered, one is the speed-up ...curves model, and the other is the directed-acyclic-graph (DAG) model. For both models, the objectives considered are the average, maximum, and ℓk-norms of flow time for k≥1.
We establish an Ω(m) lower bound on the competitive ratio of any algorithm for optimizing average flow time in both models without resource augmentation. With resource augmentation, we give a (1+ϵ)-speed O(1ϵ2k+1)-competitive algorithm in the DAG model for the ℓk-norms of flow time. This essentially matches the best-known result in the speed-up curve model for the ℓk-norms of flow time. Finally, we show an O(1)-competitive algorithm for minimizing the maximum flow time in the speed-up curves model.
The region of West Hungary surrounding Sopron has experienced large migrant worker inflows from rural Hungary and neighbouring countries into low‐skilled jobs in pre‐COVID‐19 years. This research ...interviewed workers, labour market intermediaries, employers, and hosts to explore how the fundamental humanity of migrant workers is denied in the labour process. The paper draws on geographical research examining the embodied agency of workers and analyses the literature on dehumanization to highlight the construction of dehumanization narratives in the social relations of migrant recruitment, training, employment, and accommodation. Theoretically, the paper argues that production and reproduction sites require consideration when examining the dehumanization of migrant labour. The empirical part of the paper contributes to the literature by unpacking various dehumanization strategies involving social boundary‐making based on nationality, ethnicity, and gender.
The objective of this article is to present the tensions of the artisanal fish processing market in the face of increasingly difficult access to raw material in Senegal: pelagic fish. The method ...consisted of compiling and analyzing statistical data on the supply of raw material to women processors, and collecting qualitative information from fisheries stakeholders on the situation of the sector. Overall, the statistical data show that the supply of raw material to the artisanal processing segment has fallen by less than 20% over the last ten years. Thus, it went from 65,000 tonnes in 2009 to less than 41,000 tonnes in 2018. A decline linked to the context of overexploitation of pelagic fish and the emergence of new uses. The information collected in the field shows that women processors are also confronted with the increase in the price of intermediate consumption, especially fuel, with the restrictions on wood cutting on the Senegalese coast. Women processors are also very exposed to the precariousness and insalubrity of artisanal processing areas. All these elements seriously compromise the sustainability and the economy of the artisanal processing of pelagic fish. In the current context of promoting women's employment and their economic empowerment, the artisanal processing segment must be supported by strong public policies for the sustainability of the activity.
Based on the 1990-2010 Census Transportation Planning Package data of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, this research analyzes the temporal trends of commuting patterns in both time and distance. In comparison ...to previous work, commuting length is calibrated more accurately by Monte Carlo-based simulation of individual journey-to-work trips to mitigate the zonal effect. First, average commute distance kept climbing between 1990 and 2010, whereas average commute time increased between 1990 and 2000 but then slightly dropped toward 2010. Second, urban land use remained a good predictor of commuting pattern over time (e.g., explaining up to 90 percent of mean commute distance and about 30 percent of mean commute time). Finally, the percentage of excess commuting increased significantly between 1990 and 2000 and stabilized afterward.
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