This Routledge Focus aims to investigate and analyse the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Communities (EC) and the European Union (EU). Since joining the EC in 1973, the UK has had a ...fraught relationship with the organization, declining closer economic union in the eurozone and, often, arguing against closer political union. While some 67% of the UK’s voters opted to remain in the EC in a referendum held in 1975, by June 2016 a narrow majority favoured leaving the EU. This volume evaluates the UK’s journey into the Union, and examines how the country’s voters came to decide on Brexit, and where the UK’s departure from the EU may lead it.
Julie Smith is Director of the European Centre, POLIS Department, Cambridge University, and Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge. She is also a member of the United Kingdom House of Lords.
1. Introduction
2. The Origins of European Integration: Emerging Lines of (Dis-)engagement
3. Winning and Losing: money, power and the politics of treaty reform
4. Leaving the People Behind
5. Seeking to reconcile Conservatives and Coalition
6. Cameron’s Three Rs: Reform, renegotiation, referendum
7. Where do we go from here?
Postscript
References
Index
While decades of space ventures have led to significant technological advances, space activities have also brought increasing environmental problems. This book examines the current international ...legal regimes in space law and environmental law in order to ascertain their applicability and efficacy in addressing environmental threats in the space sector. The research suggests mechanisms which could improve environmental protection in the sector and strengthen the environmental element in space law. These mechanisms include a variety of norm-setting strategies used in international environmental management. Special attention is drawn to the potential of environmental impact assessment in the space sector and to dispute resolution procedures. Like other areas of human activities, the space sector should accommodate both economic interests and environmental protection in line with the principle of sustainable development.
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Die Empfehlung der Europäischen Kommission über die Wahrnehmung von Online-Musikrechten vom 18. Oktober 2005 markierte den Beginn eines weitreichenden Umwälzungsprozesses bei der kollektiven ...Wahrnehmung der Musikurheberrechte in Europa, deren Umsetzung nicht zuletzt auch vielgestaltige und bislang ungeklärte Rechtsprobleme nach sich zog. Darin eingeschlossen ist nicht nur die Frage nach der rechtlichen Struktur und urheberrechtlichen Zulässigkeit der infolge der Kommissions-Empfehlung gegründeten Zentrallizenzinitiativen wie etwa der CELAS, sondern auch die Frage nach deren Qualifizierung als Verwertungsgesellschaft i.S.d. UrhWG und deren Auswirkung auf bislang bestehende prozessuale Beweiserleichterungen für Verwertungsgesellschaften wie der GEMA-Vermutung. Die Bewältigung all dieser Rechtsprobleme gebietet nicht nur die alltägliche Lizenzierungspraxis im Online-Bereich; ein grundlegendes rechtliches Verständnis hierfür ist auch zwingend erforderlich, will man bei der paneuropäischen Musikrechtewahrnehmung im Internet künftig neue, einfachere Richtungen einschlagen.Das Werk ist unverzichtbar für Wissenschaft und Musikwirtschaft gleichermaßen, die sich mit den veränderten Rahmenbedingungen der Online-Musikrechteverwaltung beschäftigen.
Objective. This study sought to determine gender differences in theinterpretation of tuberculosis (TB) in a group of patients from thecity of Medellín. Methodology. This was a qualitative study, ...withthe grounded theory method. Twelve semistructured interviewswere applied to patients from both genders who were cured of TB.The sample was selected through convenience and for analysisthe information was categorized through the Atlas Ti tool. Results.Regarding the symptoms, the most reported is cough, but menmanifest expectoration more frequently. Men overstated thesymptoms, while women tend to minimize them. Women reportmental impairment and emotional-type manifestations producedby the disease. Men and women expressed ignorance about thedisease upon diagnosis. Both manifested fear of infection, workincapacity, loss of employment, rejection by others, and death.Also highlighted is the importance of family support and of thehealthcare personnel. Women expressed shame in that othersknew of their disease and mentioned greater intolerance withtaking the medications. Conclusion. The gender role constructedculturally constitutes the central axis that explains how men andwomen interpret TB and can be modified by educational andaccompaniment processes. Family support plays an important rolein the healing process. Although common aspects exist, delvinginto the gender differences against the interpretation of TB maypermit a different approach of the disease and better control of it.Key words: tuberculosis; gender identity; fear; social support.
Objetivo. Determinar las distintas interpretaciones con respecto
a la tuberculosis (TB) a partir de las diferencias de género en un
grupo de pacientes de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología. Estudio
cualitativo, con el método de la teoría fundamentada. Se aplicaron
12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes de ambos géneros
curados de TB. La muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia y para
el análisis se categorizó la información mediante la herramienta Atlas Ti. Resultados. Con relación a los síntomas el más expresado es la tos, pero los hombres manifiestan
con más frecuencia la expectoración. Ellos sobredimensionan los síntomas, mientras las mujeres tienden a
minimizarlos. Estas, a su vez, refieren deterioro mental y manifestaciones de tipo emocional producidas por la
enfermedad. Tanto hombres como mujeres expresaron desconocimiento sobre la enfermedad en el momento del
diagnóstico. Ambos manifestaron miedo al contagio, incapacidad laboral, pérdida del empleo, rechazo de los
otros y a la muerte. También resaltaron la importancia del apoyo familiar y del personal de salud. Las mujeres
expresaron vergüenza de que otros supieran de su enfermedad y mencionaron mayores intolerancias con la
ingesta de los medicamentos. Conclusión. El rol de género, construido culturalmente, constituye el eje central
que explica la manera como hombres y mujeres interpretan la TB, lo que puede ser modificado por procesos
educativos y de acompañamiento. El apoyo familiar juega un papel importante en el proceso de curación.
Aunque hay aspectos comunes, la profundización en las diferencias de género frente a la interpretación de la
TB, puede permitir un abordaje diferente de la enfermedad y un mejor control de la misma
Cilj. Cilj je ovog rada istražiti utjecaj vježbanja na smanjenje limfedema kod žena operiranih od karcinoma dojke. U Hrvatskoj, nažalost, ne postoje kliničke smjernice za vježbe kod žena s ...limfedemom, stoga je cilj ovog rada istraživanjem vanjskih izvora dati preporuku za njihovo uvođenje u svakodnevnu kliničku praksu.
Metode. Pretraženi su sustavni pregledni članci o učinkovitosti različitih modaliteta vježbanja na limfedem kod žena oboljelih od karcinoma dojke. U istraživanje su uključene studije na engleskom jeziku, objavljene od 2015. do 2020. godine u PubMed, Cochrane Central i PEDro bazi podataka. Devet
sustavnih preglednih članaka zadovoljilo je kriterije uključenja, a istražili su utjecaj vježbi s otporom, joge, pilatesa i nordijskog hodanja na limfedem
kod žena oboljelih od karcinoma dojke.
Rezultati. Nijedan sustavni pregled nije pokazao štetnost vježbanja s otporom kod žena s limfedemom. Vježbe s otporom pokazale su se sigurne za žene s limfedemom te mogu imati utjecaj na smanjivanje limfedema. Postoje nekonzistentni dokazi o učinkovitosti joge i pilatesa na smanjenje limfedema. Nordijsko hodanje pokazuje pozitivan utjecaj na smanjenje limfedema, iako je mali broj randomiziranih kontroliranih studija o utjecaju nordijskog hodanja na limfedem.
Zaključak. Žene s limfedemom ruke nakon operativnog liječenja karcinoma dojke mogu se upustiti u fizičku aktivnost bez straha od razvoja ili pogoršanja limfedema prema smjernicama za sigurno vježbanje s limfedemom.
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This ambitious volume provides a trenchant and timely analysis of the creation of a single market in both the EU and the US. Comparing the experience of the US during the nineteenth century and the ...single market of the EU in the twentieth century, the book demonstrates how the political economy of single market formation has followed remarkably similar trajectories. Both cases show evidence of interplay between different levels of government in determining distributive outcomes; evolution of a legal framework for the market; and development of new regulatory strategies to deal with changing economic realities. The book illustrates the process of market consolidation through a detailed comparison of the so-called four freedoms: the removal of border controls; and the largely unrestricted transfer of goods, services, and capital across different jurisdictions. In both cases, establishing one market, one currency, and a more unified banking and financial system transformed largely autonomous or sovereign constituent units into a more unified economic entity. Single Markets also sheds light on critically important questions for both comparativists and international relations scholars regarding the nature of territorial governance and the construction of state interests. The book's interdisciplinary approach to focusing on crucial political and economic developments on both sides of the Atlantic will be of interest to scholars in political science, public policy, law, and history.
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