The article examines the understanding of the principle of non-split-ting, showcasing the historical and comparative equivalence of the German and Polish legal systems. It concerns the non-splitting ...of shares in Polish and German law, as applied to the limited liability company and the non-public joint-stock company. It is aimed at conceptualizing in a comparative manner the theoretical model of non-splitting, and encompasses discussions about its nature, content, and normative bases for its binding force. Under Polish law two different understandings of the principle of non-splitting of shares are distinguished: the principle of non-splitting in the strict sense, and the principle of non-splitting in the broad sense. It is argued that German law uses the concept of prohibition of splitting, while in the Polish legal system this concept has been further developed and is to be perceived as a principle of non-splitting of shares that is to be classified as general principle of company law.
El presente artículo tiene como propósito fundamental analizar la conveniencia y los efectos jurídico económicos de permitir las acciones al portador en las sociedades por acciones simplificadas SAS ...y sus implicaciones en el proceso arbitral. Para cumplirlo, se esbozan las características de las sociedades por acciones simplificadas SAS; luego se adentra en el estudio de la conformación del capital de las sociedadesSAS y, por consiguiente, en los tipos de acciones que regula la Ley 1258 de 2008 en los artículos 10 y 11. Se examinan las ventajas y desventajas de las clases de acciones y, en particular, se aborda, desde una perspectiva ius económica, el análisis sobre las acciones con voto singular y múltiple, que constituyen una novedad en el derecho societario colombiano. Por último, se introduce en las acciones al portador, su regulación en el derecho societario colombiano, en la suspensión o supresión que hace el artículo 9 de laDecisión 291 de 1991, en las bondades o ventajas comparativas de su implementación en el ordenamientojurídico nacional y, como es lógico, en las implicaciones en el ámbito del proceso arbitral. Para finalizar, se efectúan las sugerencias o recomendaciones jurídicas y legislativas.
With the constant development of companies in our country, we still classify companies exclusively on the ground of person cooperation or capital integrity since the promulgation of the PRC’s Company ...Law(CCL) in 1993. Classificatory standard like this lagged far behind and exposed many problems, which includes the loopholes in the corporation regulations, state-funded companies types are excluded in this standard, and always not conducive to the boosting domestic company competitiveness among the fierce international competition. By comparing experiences of other countries and judicial districts, this article discusses the improved approaches: Adopting the company classification standard based on shares publicly offered and transferred, making specific classified pathways of existing companies, which means revising the Company Law and the Securities Law jointly.
The contents of the Legal Bill to amend a part of the Trade Law act 1968 which have been affected by the Stock Market act 2005 in the realm of legal deadlines in relation to the regulations of public ...joint-stock companies as one of the most important elements in the stock market, have undergone changes. These changes have been studied in the present research in two categories: Institutional and abrogator categories. Institutional issues include cases for which basically no deadline has been established in the Legal Bill Act 1968 and was considered for the first time in the Stock Market Act 2005, and the abrogator cases are those deadlines for which due date has been assigned and by approving the Stock Market Act 2005 has been abrogated. The philosophy of the mentioned effects, both in the field of institution and abrogation, can be found in the goal of the legislator to protect the rights of shareholders and the transparency of capital market information. Determining the period of subscription, determining the period to return the funds, the period for dealing with the obligations of the subscriber, changing the time for using the funds paid by investors, changing the time for withdrawing the funds in case of no increasing the capital, changing the period for the board of directors to deal with the obligations of the underwriters, and determining the period for disclosure of the board of directors' decisions, are the dates studied in this research.
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