The author analyses bona fides, or possession in good faith, as a prerequisite of the canonical praescriptio acquisitiva and the adverse possession as set forth in contemporary Croatian law in their ...interrelationship. The problem stems from the fact that the Treaty between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia on legal matters, being an international treaty and thus having precedence over Croatian laws according to the Croatian constitution, in certain circumstances allows for a direct application of canon law within the Croatian legal system. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether this also applies to bona fides in adverse possession, and if so, in which way exactly. The canonical praescriptio in the context of the Roman legal tradition is analysed first in order to clarify certain terminological and conceptual discrepancies between canon law and Croatian law in this field. Bona fides regarding usucapio and praescriptio of Roman law and the Roman legal tradition is then particularly addressed. The central part of the paper deals with canonical bona fides, where it is specifically noted that it is a stricter standard in comparison to good faith as found in Croatian law. Canon law requires positive good faith throughout the whole required prescription period, meaning knowledge or a reasonable possibility of knowledge of having a right to possess, not infringing the right of another thereby. On the other hand, Croatian law requires knowledge or possibility of knowledge at the outset, while later on only acquired knowledge will render possession illicit. In addition, the Croatian standard of good faith is conceived more simply in comparison to the twofold canonical standard, i.e. only as the absence of knowledge or possibility of knowledge of not having a right to possess. Although both systems presume good faith, those differences may prove crucial if an interested party (owner of property being prescribed) offers evidence to the contrary. Finally, our analysis of the Treaty between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia on legal matters revealed that the canonical standard of bona fides should be applied whenever a juridical person of the Catholic Church in Croatia acquires property by means of adverse possession, but by all accounts also when any other person acquires Church property in the same way.
Autorica u radu nastoji prikazati biografske podatke o Ferdinandu Belaju, njegovu plodnu i bogatu akademsku, znanstvenu i publicističku djelatnost prvo kao vjeroučitelja (1876. – 1882.), kasnije kao ...suplenta pa profesora crkvenog prava (ak. god. 1881./1882. – 1909./1910.) na Bogoslovnom fakultetu Kraljevskog sveučilišta Franje Josipa I. u Zagrebu. Njegov doprinos razvoju kanonskopravne znanosti je znatan, što se ponajviše ogleda u brojnim znanstvenim radovima, člancima i vrijednim pravnim raspravama te vjernom obnašanju povjerenih crkvenih službi u kojima pokazuje visok stupanj stručnosti i primjene kanonskog prava u životu Crkve i društva. Belaj pripada krugu istaknutih ličnosti koje su ostavile zapažen trag na crkvenom i društvenom području na kraju 19. i početku 20. stoljeća. Autorica u radu ističe da se Belaj može ubrojati među prve autore koji odvažno pišu na hrvatskom jeziku, dajući time snažan doprinos razvoju kanonskopravne znanosti i terminologije u Hrvatskoj.
The paper tries to present dr. Ferdinand Belaj, his fruitful and rich academic, scientific and journalistic activity as a religious teacher (1876 - 1882), later as a substitute and full professor of church law (1881/1882 - 1909/1910) at the Faculty of Theology of the Royal University of Francis Joseph I in Zagreb. Belaj’s contribution to the development of canon law in Croatian circumstances was significant, and this can be evaluated through his legacy - various scientific works, articles and valuable tracts. Some of them have been published more than once. Dr. Ferdinand Belaj was a member of the circle of dignitaries who, at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, left a significant mark in Croatia in various areas of canon law, education and scientific research. The author points out that dr. Belaj was one of the first authors who wrote about canon law in the Croatian language, and thus he made a significant contribution to the development of canon law terminology in the Croatian language.
This paper analyses the issue of recognition of canon marriage (matrimonium) that has been concluded in the Vatican City State and also the effects of decisions of church courts on marriage in the ...Republic of Croatia. Firstly, the authors elaborate the issue of the status of the state and legal order of the Vatican City State, including its regulation of marriage. After the initial findings the question of recognition of marriage concluded in the Vatican City State in the Republic of Croatia is analysed. The conclusion in this aspect is that such a marriage is recognised in Croatia and its registration in the personal status record should be facilitated. In the following chapters the authors first analyse all the potentially relevant church courts’ decisions that concern canon marriage in the Vatican City State. Thereafter, they elaborate whether such decisions may be recognized in Croatia given the fact that church, and not state, courts decide on the issue. Given the specificities of the Vatican City State that are evidenced in the fact that those decisions have direct effect, the authors conclude that such decisions are to be generally differentiated from church courts’ decisions. Finally, the paper deals with the application of Art. 13/4 of the Agreement on legal issues between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia that regulates how church decisions on marriage are given effect in Croatia. However, without further legislative steps, the courts cannot apply the rule. So far, such steps have not been taken and the concerned parties can only gain civil effects of cessation of marriage through civil courts.
U ponedjeljak 17. siječnja 2022. godine, na tmuran i sumoran zimski dan, svega nekoliko mjeseci prije pedesetog rođendana, Marko Petrak napustio je ovaj svijet. Ovaj iznenadan i iznimno šokantan ...događaj snažno i bolno pogodio je mnoge – njegovu obitelj te zaista nebrojene prijatelje i kolege u cijeloj Hrvatskoj, od Zagreba do Konavala, ali i u cijeloj Europi i svijetu. U takvim trenucima riječi, zaista, kao ni tekstovi, ne mogu ni približno dočarati bol i težinu tog događaja za sve koji su ga poznavali i s njime živjeli ili surađivali. U korespondenciji koja je uslijedila neposredno nakon nemilog događaja s nekim njemu bliskim kolegama u inozemstvu mogu se istaknuti samo neki, možda teže prevodivi, izričaji koji su se koristili – am Boden zerstört ili perdita di equilibrio. No smrt je uvijek takva, a posebno kad nastupi, kako bi rekao otac Marka Petraka, veliki hrvatski pjesnik i akademik Nikica Petrak, koji nas je također nažalost napustio 2016. godine, “potpuno besmislena smrt iza ugla”. Naravno, kad umru veliki ljudi, velikani, kakav je nedvojbeno bio Marko Petrak, onda su bol i praznina na mnogim razinama utoliko veći. No Marko Petrak bio je mnogo više od velikog čovjeka. Naime, on je bio dobar čovjek. A dobri ljudi iza sebe ostavljaju dobra djela.
This article analyzes the relationship between canon law as the legal system of the Catholic Church, to which a majority of Croatian citizens belong, and the Croatian legal system, focusing on the ...issue of canon law (ius canonicum) as a source of law in the Croatian legal system on the basis of concordatarian law (ius concordatarium), i.e. the four international treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia. As regards canon law, in this contribution the author takes into account only its most important source: the Code of Canon Law (Codex Iuris Canonici – CIC) of 1983, the undoubtedly most important codification of religious law in the world. Following the systematization of CIC into seven books, the author highlights particular provisions of the said treaties, which introduced into the Croatian legal system a series of institutes and provisions of canon law as binding normative contents. In addition, the author concludes that the Code represents a relevant conceptual and normative common framework for all provisions of the international treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia based on canon law or its institutes. To be more precise, a closer analysis of the provisions of the treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia leads to the conclusion that CIC has, in its totality, become a relevant source of law in the Croatian legal system. The author also refers to relevant Croatian scholarly literature on canon law, and in particular to the case-law of Croatian state courts which involves the application of certain canons of the Code, pointing out good examples of such application, and providing a critical view of particular cases in which, in the author's opinion, the courts made certain errors in the interpretation and application of some aspects of canon law. Finally, the research suggests that the significance of canon law, particularly Codex iuris canonici as its primary source, in the Croatian legal system is undoubtedly increasing, which is why its deeper understanding both by legal doctrine and by the legal practice is becoming a necessity.
U posljednjih tridesetak godina, počevši od stjecanja nezavisnosti Republike Hrvatske i uvoðenja političkog pluralizma, religija je iznova zauzela svoje odgovarajuće mjesto u javnoj sferi, ...pretvarajući se, metaforički rečeno, s obzirom na prethodna totalitarna iskustva, iz "društvenog neprijatelja" u "društvenog prijatelja". Navedene korjenite promjene u svijetu ideja, politike i društvene prakse zahtijevale su i sasvim novo ureðenje odnosa prava i religije. Uzimajući navedene činjenice kao ishodište, u ovom će se radu otpočeti raščlamba uloge i značenja unutarnjeg prava vjerskih zajednica za hrvatski pravni sustav. Pri tome ćemo se u njemu ograničiti na značenje kanonskog prava Katoličke Crkve za naš pravni sustav. Za to postoje barem dva dobra razloga. Kao prvo, brojni aspekti povijesnog i sadašnjeg fakticiteta nedvojbeno pozicioniraju Katoličku Crkvu na prednosno mjesto u hrvatskim okolnostima, počevši od činjenice da upravo njoj po vjeroispovijedi pripada daleko najveći broj hrvatskih graðana. Kao drugo, istaknuto tradicijsko i aktualno značenje kanonskoga prava kao njezina pravnog poretka, doista zahtijeva posebnu i drukčiju raščlambu. Stoga će se u nastavku rada posebna pozornost usmjeriti na problematiku kanonskog prava Katoličke Crkve kao izvora prava u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Nakon kratke raščlambe najvažnijih izvora kanonskog prava daljnja će analiza posebice imati za predmet značenje i funkciju načela kanonskog prava za hrvatski pravni sustav. Pri tome ćemo se posebice usredotočiti na pravne izreke (regulae iuris) kao nedvojbeno reprezentativne vrste pravnih pravila koje u velikom broju slučajeva utjelovljuju temeljna pravna načela.
Based on the original documents from the State Archives in Venice and the Archives of the Zadar Archdiocese, the paper discusses the case of abduction, rape, and forced marriage of Agata Zubčić from ...Poličnik. Based on the court minutes kept in the office of the Count of Nin, the historical and legal context of the issue of abduction, rape, and forced marriage in the Nin Diocese during the 18th century has been considered. An analysis of the primary sources and their comparison with the insights and conclusions of scholarly literature have helped identify the causes and consequences of abductions, rapes, and forced marriages in the period under consideration, with special reference to Venetian legislation and Catholic canon law concerning this issue and the (non-)implementation of these legal norms in practice.
Izvanredna sinoda o obitelji na površinu je iznijela goruće probleme oko rješavanja pitanja rastavljenih i ponovno civilno vjenčanih katolika, kako u svezi eventualnog proglašenja njihova braka ...ništavnim tako u svezi njihova pristupa sakramentima, te njihova potpunijeg uključivanja u život Crkve. Postalo je očito da se pastoralna praksa ne može mijenjati ako se sustavno ne razmisli o vjerskim i teološkim istinama koje stoje u njezinu temelju i tvore osnove teologije braka i obitelji, a zaštićene su odredbama kanonskog prava. Neke od tih tema nalazimo u govoru kardinala Waltera Kaspera, koji je trebao poslužiti kao okvir za rasprave o toj temi. Sinoda je pokazala konsenzus oko teze da je valjano sklopljen i izvršen brak nerazrješiv. No, na koji način utvrditi da je jedan brak istinski valjan i nerazrješiv brak? Kako utvrditi stupanj vjere u temeljne istine o kršćanskom braku kod onih koji ga sklapaju? Je li klasični pojam bračnog konsenzusa jedini mogući ili postoje i neki eventualni drukčiji pristupi? Moguće je razmišljati i o argumentu euharistijskog zajedništva te postaviti pitanje je li euharistija nagrada za primjereno ponašanje u prošlosti ili ponajprije pomoć za bolji život u budućnosti. Svemu tomu valja pridodati i praksu istočnih Crkava koje tzv. moralnu smrt braka smatraju istovažećom s fizičkom smrću jednog bračnog druga te prakticiraju blagoslov drugog braka. Teško je vjerovati da će i sljedeća Sinoda razriješiti sva ta pitanja. Ona su samo hipoteze za razmišljanje. Učinkovitija i brža rješenja valja očekivati u poboljšanju prakse crkvenih sudova u procesu poništenja brakova. A pogotovo na planu pastoralnog ophođenja s ljudima koji se nalaze u takvom stanju.
Pravo na odgoj i obrazovanje jedno je od temeljnih ljudskih prava. Njegov razvoj i status određen je kulturno–civilizacijskim dosegom konkretne povijesne epohe. Tek je humanizam u obrazovanju ...prepoznao temelj izgradnje slobodnoga društva. Članak obrađuje izabrane dokumente kanonskoga i međunarodnoga prava usmjerene odgoju i obrazovanju. Cilj je utvrditi mjeru utjecaja Crkve i svjetovnih vlasti na uvažavanje prava djeteta, kojemu, uz ostalo, pripada pravo na obrazovanje.
The right to an education is a fundamental human right. Church legislation protects it, promotes it, and regulates it by means of its own provisions. In the first part of this presentation, we analyze the historical development of the right to education in ecclesiastical legislation. It begins with the encyclical Arcanum divinae sapientie and ends with the provisions of the Code of Canon Law of 1917. In the Code, the right to education is presented as the primary goal and obligation of parents. The declaration on Christian Education Gravissimum educationis confirms the traditional postulate of education. However, special emphasis is placed on the provisions of the current Code of Canon Law. Some documents based on international law are also considered in the presentation. First, the Geneva Declaration is put forward, according to which children should have access to the means necessary for their development, whether material or spiritual. The provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states in Article 26 that this is a right to which everyone is entitled. Particularly relevant to our topic are the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, proposed in Articles 28–2 which deal with education in a special way. An overview of the canonical and international provisions on the right of the child to education helps to distinguish the nature of this right and the possibilities for its practical implementation.
U ovom radu, koji predstavlja prvi dio rezultata istraživanja sadržaja – odnosno pravne prirode i uzora – kaznenih odredbi za zaštitu spolnog morala sadržanih u vrsarskoj pravnoj zbirci, središnji su ...predmet kanonska crimina protiv spolnoga morala koja je za područje Vrsarske grofovije tom zbirkom oblikovao i objavio porečki biskup kao njezin civilni vlastodržac. Riječ je o crimina koja su pripadala općem kanonskom pravu, ali koja – prilagođena mjesnim prilikama Vrsarske grofovije – formalno nisu bila izdana kao izvor partikularnoga kanonskog prava, nego kao njezino vlastito pravo civilne provenijencije, tj. kao njezina statutarna pravna pravila. U ovome radu autori su priredili analizu navedenih crimina, i to tako da su najprije objasnili specifičnosti pravnog izvora u kojemu su uređena, a koji čini polazište istraživanja, zatim jezik i nomotehničke odrednice izričaja u njemu zastupljenih, a u centralnom su dijelu pojedinačno i iscrpno analizirali različite oblike i pojavnosti kažnjivih ponašanja kojima se u Vrsarskoj
grofoviji vrijeđao spolni moral. Autori su glede pojedinačnih crimina razlučili kako čimbenike koji su uvjetovali osobit zakonodavčev odnos prema tim kažnjivim ponašanjima, tako i pristup vrsarskog zakonodavca njihovu specifičnom uređivanju i kažnjavanju počinitelja, te, napokon, rasvijetlili odrednice kaznenopravne politike porečkog biskupa glede zaštite spolnog morala u Vrsarskoj grofoviji.
PDF
